1. European industrial policy is increasingly focusing on climate change adaptation, the circular economy, and eco-innovation in its future scenarios. This involves a more comprehensive view of eco-innovation across all industries rather than just end-of-pipe environmental technologies. 2. Some leading companies are designing products for disassembly and upcycling, but lack supporting infrastructure, knowledge, and skills to fully enable the circular economy. There is a need for discussion on developing a "smart closed loop grid" to support these initiatives. 3. New eco-innovative technologies entering existing markets can face aggressive responses from incumbents, highlighting the importance of financial resources, design, customer feedback, and a solutions-