Mining is the primary method of extraction of minerals needed by man. The main constraint to sustainability in mining stems from the increasing pollution generated by the extraction process and the large consumption of resources (mostly energy and water) needed in refining of the minerals. Mining operations are associated with a range of environmental and social impacts, as well as the non-renewable nature of many mined resources. Thus the sustainability of this industry and the efficient use of its resources for development remain crucial. There is a growing realization globally of the importance of strong and effective legal and regulatory frameworks, policies and practices for the mining sector that deliver economic and social benefits. It is possible for mining to contribute to sustainable development through: • Enhancing the benefits while mitigating the negative impacts both when mining is taking place and subsequently as well (by scientific mine closure) • Improving stakeholder participation in the management of the resources including local and indigenous communities • Addressing the environmental, economic, health and social impacts and benefits of mining throughout their life cycle, including workers' health and safety. There must be a balance between contrasting claims of sustainability for the future versus current economic benefit from mining. We must : • Stay within the capacity of ecosystems to absorb change. • Provide an adequate standard of living for those in the area of influence. • Create wealth for development of society & provide for the development of advanced technology. • Develop systems of governance which promote and sustain these goals.