SURREALISM
Inspired by Dadaists, especially their
improvisational techniques, automatic
writing
- Dreams (sparked by the work of
Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung)
- Andre Breton’s Surrealist Manifesto
The Subconscious , fantasy
- Brings outer and inner “reality” together
– much like dreams
- Naturalistic Surrealism draws from
life, using recognizable objects in a
metaphorical way
- Biomorphic Surrealism is mostly
abstract, but suggest organisms or
natural forms
Giorgio De Chirico
The Melancholy and Mystery
of a Street
1914
oil on canvas
34 1/4 x 28 1/4 in.
Max Ernst
Two Children Are Threatened by a
Nightingale
1924
Oil on wood with wood construction
2’3” x 1’10” x 4”
Hitler and “Degenerate Art”
Salvador Dali
The Persistence of Memory
1931
oil on canvas
9 1/2 x 13 in.
“…to materialize the images of concrete irrationality with
the most imperialistic fury of precision…in order that the
world of imagination and of concrete irrationality may be
as objectively evident…as that of the exterior world of
phenomenal reality”
Salvador Dali
The Metamorphosis of Narcissus
1937
oil on canvas
51.2 x 78.5 cm
Salvador Dali and Louis Buñuel
Un Chien Andalou
1929
motion picture
René Magritte
The Treachery of Images
1928-29
oil on canvas
23 1/4 x 31 1/2 in.
René Magritte
The Rape
1934
oil on canvas
77.5 x 58.7 cm
Meret Oppenheim
Object
1936
fur-Covered cup, saucer and spoon
2 7/8 in. high
Joan Miro
Painting
1933
oil on canvas
5’8” x 6’5” Automatism – the creation of art without conscious control
Paul Klee
Twittering Machine
1922
Watercolor and pen and ink, on
oil transfer drawing on
paper, mounted on cardboard
2’1” x 1’7”
Kazimir Malevich
Suprematist Composition: Airplane
Flying
1915
oil on canvas
1’10” x 1’7”
SUPREMATISM
PURE FEELING!
Naum Gabo
Column
1923
Perspex, wood, metal, glass
3’5” x 2’5” x 2’5”
CONSTRUCTIVISM
Piet Mondrian
Composition with
Red, Blue and Yellow
1930
oil on canvas
20 1/8 x 20 1/8 in.
DE STIJL –
The Style
Piet Mondrian
Broadway Boogie Woogie
1943
oil on canvas
50 x 50 in.
Constantin Brancusi
Bird in Space
1924
Bronze
4’2”
Henry Moore
Reclining Figure
1939
Elm wood
3’1” x 6’7” x 2’6”
American Art 1930-1945
• Exposure to modern art through Armory show and influx of foreign artists
• Artists relocated to America after the havoc WWII was wreaking on Europe
(Dali, Grosz, Ernst)
• Hitler and degenerate art
• Museums hosted foreign artist exhibitions
• MoMa and it’s role in American Modern Art
• Many artists returned to Europe after the war, but left a strong impression on American
art
Alexander Calder
Lobster Trap and Fish
Tail
1939
Painted sheet aluminum
and wire
8’6” x 9’6”
The Effects of the Great Depression
Dorothea Lange
Migrant Mother,
Nipomo Valley
1935
Gelatin silver print
1’1” x 9”
Edward Hopper
Nighthawks
1942
oil on canvas
2’6” x 4’8”
How are these
paintings related?
Grant Wood
American Gothic
1930
oil on canvas
2’5” x 2’
REGIONALISM
“Quaint, humorous and AMERICAN”
Benton, Pioneer Days and Early Settlers, 1936
Diego Rivera
Ancient Mexico, from History of
Mexico
1929-1935
Fresco
MEXICAN ART
Frida Kahlo
The Two Fridas
1939
Oil on canvas
5’7” x 5’7”

Surrealism, regionalism, mexico