The document provides information about the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It begins by listing the presenters and guides. It then discusses the classification, components, articulation, innervation, biomechanics, and applied surgical anatomy of the TMJ. The key components discussed include the condyle, glenoid fossa, articular eminence, capsule, articular disc, discal ligaments, and synovial membrane. Disorders of the articular disc are also mentioned. Diagrams and figures are provided to illustrate the anatomical structures.
This seminar explains about the development, relations, ligaments, various attachments, vascular and nervous supply and various surgical approaches and its modifications to TMJ
Surgical anatomy of the temporomandibular joint and surgical (nx power lite) ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a synovial joint that connects the mandible to the temporal bone of the skull. It has two compartments - the upper compartment allows translational movement and the lower compartment allows rotational movement. The TMJ has a unique articular disc that separates the two compartments and allows for both types of movement. Common disorders of the TMJ include disc displacement, myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome, and degenerative joint disease. Diagnosis involves imaging like x-rays, MRI or CT scans. Treatment focuses on rest, analgesics, heat therapy, and avoiding strain on the jaw.
The document discusses deep fascial space infections, including their anatomy, classification, pathways of spread, diagnostic aids, and treatment. It describes several key fascial spaces of the face and neck that are clinically significant for odontogenic infections, such as the buccal, submandibular, sublingual, and submental spaces. Signs and symptoms, as well as surgical drainage techniques for managing infections in these different spaces are outlined.
The document discusses the surgical anatomy of the masseter muscle and facial nerve. It notes the relationships of the masseter muscle anteriorly, posteriorly, laterally, and medially. It then describes the surgical approach for locating the facial nerve, which involves making an incision in front of the ear tragus and dissecting through tissue to identify the styloid process as the first landmark. Finally, it provides measurements for distances between branches of the facial nerve and bony landmarks to help surgeons locate the nerve during procedures.
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects the mandible to the temporal bone. It consists of the mandibular condyle, articular disc, mandibular fossa, and synovial cavity. Three muscle groups control mandible movement: closing muscles like the temporalis close the jaw, gliding muscles like the lateral pterygoid steer the jaw, and opening muscles like the suprahyoid depress the mandible. Ligaments like the temporomandibular and capsular ligaments also affect jaw movement. The mandible moves in rotational and translational fashions around three axes: the transverse, sagittal, and vertical axes. Basic mandibular movements include hinge
This seminar explains about the development, relations, ligaments, various attachments, vascular and nervous supply and various surgical approaches and its modifications to TMJ
Surgical anatomy of the temporomandibular joint and surgical (nx power lite) ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a synovial joint that connects the mandible to the temporal bone of the skull. It has two compartments - the upper compartment allows translational movement and the lower compartment allows rotational movement. The TMJ has a unique articular disc that separates the two compartments and allows for both types of movement. Common disorders of the TMJ include disc displacement, myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome, and degenerative joint disease. Diagnosis involves imaging like x-rays, MRI or CT scans. Treatment focuses on rest, analgesics, heat therapy, and avoiding strain on the jaw.
The document discusses deep fascial space infections, including their anatomy, classification, pathways of spread, diagnostic aids, and treatment. It describes several key fascial spaces of the face and neck that are clinically significant for odontogenic infections, such as the buccal, submandibular, sublingual, and submental spaces. Signs and symptoms, as well as surgical drainage techniques for managing infections in these different spaces are outlined.
The document discusses the surgical anatomy of the masseter muscle and facial nerve. It notes the relationships of the masseter muscle anteriorly, posteriorly, laterally, and medially. It then describes the surgical approach for locating the facial nerve, which involves making an incision in front of the ear tragus and dissecting through tissue to identify the styloid process as the first landmark. Finally, it provides measurements for distances between branches of the facial nerve and bony landmarks to help surgeons locate the nerve during procedures.
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects the mandible to the temporal bone. It consists of the mandibular condyle, articular disc, mandibular fossa, and synovial cavity. Three muscle groups control mandible movement: closing muscles like the temporalis close the jaw, gliding muscles like the lateral pterygoid steer the jaw, and opening muscles like the suprahyoid depress the mandible. Ligaments like the temporomandibular and capsular ligaments also affect jaw movement. The mandible moves in rotational and translational fashions around three axes: the transverse, sagittal, and vertical axes. Basic mandibular movements include hinge
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex synovial joint that connects the mandible to the temporal bone. It has several unique features, including an articular disc that divides the joint into two compartments. The TMJ is made up of the mandibular condyle, articular surfaces of the temporal bone, fibrous capsule, articular disc, ligaments, and muscles. Proper functioning of the TMJ requires coordinated movement of these structures during activities like chewing and talking.
The mandible is the largest and strongest bone of the face. It develops from the first pharyngeal arch and consists of a body with alveolar, inferior and mylohyoid borders, and a ramus with coronoid and condylar processes. The mandible undergoes both prenatal and postnatal growth, with the condyle showing considerable activity as the mandible grows downward and forward. Key parts include the body, ramus, coronoid process, and condylar process. The mandible articulates with the temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint.
This document provides an overview of temporomandibular joint ankylosis. It begins with definitions and historical perspectives on the condition. It then discusses the etiology, pathogenesis, classifications, anatomy, and treatment approaches for TMJ ankylosis. Key points include that ankylosis involves pathologic changes that limit jaw movement, common causes are trauma, infection, inflammation, and it can be classified as true/false, complete/partial, and bony/fibrous. The document provides detailed anatomy of the TMJ and surrounding structures to inform surgical treatment approaches.
TMJ surgical anatomy and applied aspectsJoel D'silva
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) allows for hinge and gliding motions that facilitate functions like chewing and speech. It is a synovial joint containing features like bone, fibrocartilage discs, fluid-filled cavities, and ligaments. The TMJ is unique in that its surfaces are covered by fibrocartilage instead of hyaline cartilage and it is the only joint with a rigid closure point provided by tooth occlusion. Development of the TMJ occurs relatively late in utero, beginning with the formation of cartilaginous condyles that later ossify and fuse to the mandible.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document discusses various surgical approaches for the facial skeleton, including extraoral and intraoral incisions. It covers key principles for placing incisions such as following natural lines and avoiding vital structures. Specific approaches are described for the mandible, condyle, orbit, maxilla, and nasal skeleton. Factors to consider for any facial incision include scar visibility, underlying anatomy, and adequate surgical access. Both open and endoscopic techniques are presented.
Anatomy and physiology of temporomandibular joint Akshay Karve
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects the mandible to the temporal bone. It has bony, cartilaginous, and ligamentous components. The condyle of the mandible fits into the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone. An articular disc divides the joint cavity into upper and lower compartments and aids movement. Several ligaments support and restrict movement of the TMJ, which functions to allow opening and closing of the jaw during activities like chewing.
The temporal and infratemporal fossae contain important structures for mastication and facial nerve innervation. The temporal fossa contains the temporalis muscle and branches of the middle temporal artery. The infratemporal fossa contains the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles, the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve, and the maxillary artery and its branches including the middle meningeal artery. Injuries to these regions can cause complications like extradural hematoma if the middle meningeal artery is ruptured.
This document summarizes a seminar on bone grafts in hard tissue reconstruction. It discusses the properties, indications, advantages, and disadvantages of various types of bone grafts including autogenous, allogenous, xenografts, and alloplasts. It also describes the principles of bone grafting, factors affecting graft incorporation, classification of grafts, and their mode of action. Specifically, it provides details on autogenous bone grafts including their sources, advantages, and types based on histologic features and vascularity.
This document discusses various surgical approaches to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It begins by outlining important anatomical structures in the region, including nerves, arteries and layers of fascia. It then describes several common approaches - preauricular, endaural, postauricular, submandibular, retromandibular and intraoral. For each approach, it provides details on the surgical technique, indications, advantages and disadvantages. References are also provided at the end for further reading on the surgical anatomy of the cervical and mandibular distributions of the facial nerve.
Tmj surgical anatomy and approaches (nx power lite) /certified fixed orthodon...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The temporomandibular joint is the joint of the jaw and is frequently referred to as TMJ. The TMJ is a bilateral synovial articulation between the mandible and temporal bone. The name of the joint is derived from the two bones which form the joint: the upper temporal bone which is part of the cranium (skull), and the lower jawbone or mandible.
There are six main components of the TMJ.
Mandibular condyles
Articular surface of the temporal bone
Capsule
Articular disc
Ligaments
Lateral pterygoid
This document describes various surgical approaches for accessing the orbital rim and floor. It outlines several incision types including transcutaneous, subciliary, subtarsal, infraorbital, and lateral eyebrow incisions. For each incision, it provides details on placement, depth, and the steps of dissection and tissue retraction to access the periosteum and allow for subperiosteal dissection of the orbital wall. Key approaches discussed are the lateral eyebrow incision, upper blepharoplasty incision, coronal incision, and lateral canthotomy incision.
Condylar hyperplasia is excessive growth of the mandibular condyle that leads to enlargement. It is classified into 4 types based on etiology and growth pattern. Type 1 involves normal growth and is divided into IA (bilateral) and IB (unilateral). Type 2 involves tumors causing vertical growth and is divided into 2A and 2B. Types 3 and 4 involve other benign and malignant tumors of the condyle. Treatment depends on type and involves surgery to remove tumors, redirect growth, and correct malocclusions through orthognathic surgery. High or low condylectomy may be used to control growth while preserving joint function.
1) The document discusses zygomaticomaxillary fractures, providing classifications, examination techniques, signs and symptoms, and treatment approaches.
2) Common classification systems include the Knight and North system that categorizes fractures based on displacement patterns. Treatment depends on factors like displacement and stability.
3) Approaches to treatment include no treatment for non-displaced fractures, indirect reduction using techniques like the temporal or buccal sulcus approaches, and direct open reduction using approaches like the coronal or maxillary vestibular approaches with fixation if needed.
Applied surgical anatomy of facial nerve in oral and maxillofacial surgeryShalini Bhatia
The document describes the anatomy and clinical considerations related to the facial nerve. It begins by detailing the various branches of the facial nerve and their course through the parotid gland and across the face. It then discusses landmarks used during surgery to identify the nerve. Several causes of facial nerve paralysis are listed including Bell's palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, and complications from procedures like IANB. Classification systems for nerve injuries are also summarized.
Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) refers to an abnormal positioning of the articular disc within the joint that interferes with smooth movement. Common causes include trauma, microtrauma from grinding or clenching, and degenerative joint disease. Non-surgical treatments include splint therapy, medications, acupuncture, and physical therapy techniques like ultrasound or TENS. Surgical procedures are considered when non-surgical options fail to provide adequate relief of symptoms like pain and restricted opening.
The temporomandibular joint is a synovial joint formed by the condyle of the mandible and the temporal bone. It contains an articular disc that divides the joint into two compartments. The joint is surrounded by a capsule and strengthened by ligaments like the collateral, capsular, and temporomandibular ligaments. The joint is innervated by branches of the trigeminal nerve and vascularized by small vessels that enter through the marrow spaces in the condyle.
DEFINITION, ANATOMY, AND FUNCTIONS OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT.
Joint between the head (condyle) of the mandible and the undersurface (articular fossa)of the squamous part of the temporal bone is the temporomandibular joint.
Type of joint : synovial joint (condylar variety).
Capable of providing-hinging (rotation) -gliding (translation) movement.
Sustains incredible forces of mastication.
articulating surfaces-articualar tubercle, mandibular fossa.
functions-Chewing
Sucking
Swallowing
Phonation
Facial expressions
Breathing Protrusion,
Retrusion,
Lateralization of the jaw
Opening the mouth
Maintain the correct pressure of the middle ear
Blood supply- Branches from superficial temporal and maxillary artery.
Veins follow the arteries.
Nerve supply-Auriculotemporal nerve (branch of mandibular nerve) and masseteric nerve (motar branch of anterior division of mandibular nerve).
movemnets of tmj- protraction, retraction, elevation, depression, side to side grinding.
examination of tmj- preauricular method and intraauricular method.
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex synovial joint that connects the mandible to the temporal bone. It has several unique features, including an articular disc that divides the joint into two compartments. The TMJ is made up of the mandibular condyle, articular surfaces of the temporal bone, fibrous capsule, articular disc, ligaments, and muscles. Proper functioning of the TMJ requires coordinated movement of these structures during activities like chewing and talking.
The mandible is the largest and strongest bone of the face. It develops from the first pharyngeal arch and consists of a body with alveolar, inferior and mylohyoid borders, and a ramus with coronoid and condylar processes. The mandible undergoes both prenatal and postnatal growth, with the condyle showing considerable activity as the mandible grows downward and forward. Key parts include the body, ramus, coronoid process, and condylar process. The mandible articulates with the temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint.
This document provides an overview of temporomandibular joint ankylosis. It begins with definitions and historical perspectives on the condition. It then discusses the etiology, pathogenesis, classifications, anatomy, and treatment approaches for TMJ ankylosis. Key points include that ankylosis involves pathologic changes that limit jaw movement, common causes are trauma, infection, inflammation, and it can be classified as true/false, complete/partial, and bony/fibrous. The document provides detailed anatomy of the TMJ and surrounding structures to inform surgical treatment approaches.
TMJ surgical anatomy and applied aspectsJoel D'silva
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) allows for hinge and gliding motions that facilitate functions like chewing and speech. It is a synovial joint containing features like bone, fibrocartilage discs, fluid-filled cavities, and ligaments. The TMJ is unique in that its surfaces are covered by fibrocartilage instead of hyaline cartilage and it is the only joint with a rigid closure point provided by tooth occlusion. Development of the TMJ occurs relatively late in utero, beginning with the formation of cartilaginous condyles that later ossify and fuse to the mandible.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document discusses various surgical approaches for the facial skeleton, including extraoral and intraoral incisions. It covers key principles for placing incisions such as following natural lines and avoiding vital structures. Specific approaches are described for the mandible, condyle, orbit, maxilla, and nasal skeleton. Factors to consider for any facial incision include scar visibility, underlying anatomy, and adequate surgical access. Both open and endoscopic techniques are presented.
Anatomy and physiology of temporomandibular joint Akshay Karve
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects the mandible to the temporal bone. It has bony, cartilaginous, and ligamentous components. The condyle of the mandible fits into the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone. An articular disc divides the joint cavity into upper and lower compartments and aids movement. Several ligaments support and restrict movement of the TMJ, which functions to allow opening and closing of the jaw during activities like chewing.
The temporal and infratemporal fossae contain important structures for mastication and facial nerve innervation. The temporal fossa contains the temporalis muscle and branches of the middle temporal artery. The infratemporal fossa contains the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles, the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve, and the maxillary artery and its branches including the middle meningeal artery. Injuries to these regions can cause complications like extradural hematoma if the middle meningeal artery is ruptured.
This document summarizes a seminar on bone grafts in hard tissue reconstruction. It discusses the properties, indications, advantages, and disadvantages of various types of bone grafts including autogenous, allogenous, xenografts, and alloplasts. It also describes the principles of bone grafting, factors affecting graft incorporation, classification of grafts, and their mode of action. Specifically, it provides details on autogenous bone grafts including their sources, advantages, and types based on histologic features and vascularity.
This document discusses various surgical approaches to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It begins by outlining important anatomical structures in the region, including nerves, arteries and layers of fascia. It then describes several common approaches - preauricular, endaural, postauricular, submandibular, retromandibular and intraoral. For each approach, it provides details on the surgical technique, indications, advantages and disadvantages. References are also provided at the end for further reading on the surgical anatomy of the cervical and mandibular distributions of the facial nerve.
Tmj surgical anatomy and approaches (nx power lite) /certified fixed orthodon...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The temporomandibular joint is the joint of the jaw and is frequently referred to as TMJ. The TMJ is a bilateral synovial articulation between the mandible and temporal bone. The name of the joint is derived from the two bones which form the joint: the upper temporal bone which is part of the cranium (skull), and the lower jawbone or mandible.
There are six main components of the TMJ.
Mandibular condyles
Articular surface of the temporal bone
Capsule
Articular disc
Ligaments
Lateral pterygoid
This document describes various surgical approaches for accessing the orbital rim and floor. It outlines several incision types including transcutaneous, subciliary, subtarsal, infraorbital, and lateral eyebrow incisions. For each incision, it provides details on placement, depth, and the steps of dissection and tissue retraction to access the periosteum and allow for subperiosteal dissection of the orbital wall. Key approaches discussed are the lateral eyebrow incision, upper blepharoplasty incision, coronal incision, and lateral canthotomy incision.
Condylar hyperplasia is excessive growth of the mandibular condyle that leads to enlargement. It is classified into 4 types based on etiology and growth pattern. Type 1 involves normal growth and is divided into IA (bilateral) and IB (unilateral). Type 2 involves tumors causing vertical growth and is divided into 2A and 2B. Types 3 and 4 involve other benign and malignant tumors of the condyle. Treatment depends on type and involves surgery to remove tumors, redirect growth, and correct malocclusions through orthognathic surgery. High or low condylectomy may be used to control growth while preserving joint function.
1) The document discusses zygomaticomaxillary fractures, providing classifications, examination techniques, signs and symptoms, and treatment approaches.
2) Common classification systems include the Knight and North system that categorizes fractures based on displacement patterns. Treatment depends on factors like displacement and stability.
3) Approaches to treatment include no treatment for non-displaced fractures, indirect reduction using techniques like the temporal or buccal sulcus approaches, and direct open reduction using approaches like the coronal or maxillary vestibular approaches with fixation if needed.
Applied surgical anatomy of facial nerve in oral and maxillofacial surgeryShalini Bhatia
The document describes the anatomy and clinical considerations related to the facial nerve. It begins by detailing the various branches of the facial nerve and their course through the parotid gland and across the face. It then discusses landmarks used during surgery to identify the nerve. Several causes of facial nerve paralysis are listed including Bell's palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, and complications from procedures like IANB. Classification systems for nerve injuries are also summarized.
Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) refers to an abnormal positioning of the articular disc within the joint that interferes with smooth movement. Common causes include trauma, microtrauma from grinding or clenching, and degenerative joint disease. Non-surgical treatments include splint therapy, medications, acupuncture, and physical therapy techniques like ultrasound or TENS. Surgical procedures are considered when non-surgical options fail to provide adequate relief of symptoms like pain and restricted opening.
The temporomandibular joint is a synovial joint formed by the condyle of the mandible and the temporal bone. It contains an articular disc that divides the joint into two compartments. The joint is surrounded by a capsule and strengthened by ligaments like the collateral, capsular, and temporomandibular ligaments. The joint is innervated by branches of the trigeminal nerve and vascularized by small vessels that enter through the marrow spaces in the condyle.
DEFINITION, ANATOMY, AND FUNCTIONS OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT.
Joint between the head (condyle) of the mandible and the undersurface (articular fossa)of the squamous part of the temporal bone is the temporomandibular joint.
Type of joint : synovial joint (condylar variety).
Capable of providing-hinging (rotation) -gliding (translation) movement.
Sustains incredible forces of mastication.
articulating surfaces-articualar tubercle, mandibular fossa.
functions-Chewing
Sucking
Swallowing
Phonation
Facial expressions
Breathing Protrusion,
Retrusion,
Lateralization of the jaw
Opening the mouth
Maintain the correct pressure of the middle ear
Blood supply- Branches from superficial temporal and maxillary artery.
Veins follow the arteries.
Nerve supply-Auriculotemporal nerve (branch of mandibular nerve) and masseteric nerve (motar branch of anterior division of mandibular nerve).
movemnets of tmj- protraction, retraction, elevation, depression, side to side grinding.
examination of tmj- preauricular method and intraauricular method.
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) permits the mandible to move through gliding and hinge movements. It consists of the mandibular condyle, mandibular fossa, articular disc, and articular capsule. The condyle articulates with the fossa and articular eminence, while the articular disc separates the joint into upper and lower compartments. The joint capsule surrounds the joint and is lined with a synovial membrane that produces lubricating synovial fluid. Accessory ligaments and the lateral temporomandibular ligament provide stability to the joint. The TMJ undergoes age-related changes including flattening of the condyle and thinning of the
ANATOMY TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JUNCTION OF HUMANDesiFitriani85
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects the mandible to the skull and regulates movement of the mandible, which is important for chewing and speaking. It is a synovial joint with both gliding and hinge-like movements. The TMJ consists of the mandibular condyle, glenoid fossa, articular eminence, articular disc, synovial membrane, and surrounding ligaments. It allows the mandible to open and close via hinge movement of the condyle and sliding of the articular disc. The synovial membrane lubricates the joint and nourishes the articulating bones. Various muscles like the masseter and lateral pterygoid are
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a synovial joint that connects the mandible to the temporal bone. It is a compound joint composed of the head of the mandible, mandibular fossa, articular disc, articular eminence, and surrounding ligaments. The TMJ allows hinge-like opening and closing of the jaw as well as gliding movements. It is innervated by the trigeminal nerve and irrigated by blood vessels including the middle meningeal artery.
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects the jaw bone to the skull. It is a complex synovial joint that allows for movement of the mandible during chewing and talking. The TMJ has both bony and soft tissue components including the condyle, glenoid fossa, articular disc, joint capsule, ligaments and muscles. The TMJ develops late in utero and has a complex anatomy that facilitates its range of motion. Disorders can affect the TMJ resulting in problems like pain, limited movement or locking of the jaw.
The document provides an overview of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), including its anatomy, components, development, function, and age-related changes. Key points include:
- The TMJ is a synovial joint that permits hinge and gliding movements of the mandible and involves the condyle of the mandible articulating with the temporal bone.
- Its main components are the mandibular condyle, glenoid fossa, articular disc, articular capsule, synovial membrane, and ligaments.
- It develops from Meckel's cartilage and functions in speech, mastication, and deglutition.
- Age-related changes include fl
The TMJ is a complex and precisely integrated bilateral
joint structure .
Formed by the articulation of lower jaw with cranium
and the upper facial skeleton
This presentaion was submitted in Dept.of Oral pathology in Goverment Dental College Raipur.
This document discusses the histology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It describes the four main anatomical parts: the mandibular condyle, mandibular fossa and articular eminence, articular disc, and articular capsule. The mandibular condyle articulates with the temporal bone and is composed of cancellous bone covered by fibrous tissue. The mandibular fossa and articular eminence are composed of bone and fibrous tissue. The articular disc separates the joint into two compartments and is composed of dense fibrous tissue. The articular capsule encloses the joint and is lined by a synovial membrane that produces synovial fluid to lubricate
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a bilateral synovial joint that connects the mandible to the temporal bone. It has several unique features, including an articular disc that divides the joint into two compartments. The TMJ is innervated by the auriculotemporal nerve and receives its blood supply from branches of the external carotid artery. Common disorders of the TMJ include myofascial pain, derangements of the disc-condyle complex, and inflammatory conditions like arthritis. Treatment for TMJ disorders focuses on conservative and reversible therapies.
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the articulation between the condylar head of the mandible and the anterior part of the glenoid fossa of the temporal bones. It is a synovial sliding-ginglymoid joint that allows gliding and hinge-like movements. The TMJ has a fibrous articular disc between the joint surfaces that makes it a double joint. It is innervated by the auriculotemporal and masseteric nerves and supplied by branches of the external carotid artery. The TMJ has distinct features compared to other joints, including coordinated bilateral movement and an articular disc.
This document provides an overview of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), including its:
- Types (synovial, bicondylar, ginglymoarthroidal)
- Anatomy (bones, articular disc, ligaments, muscles)
- Histology of the articular surfaces
- Biomechanics and functions like opening and closing the mouth
- Age-related changes like flattening of bones and thinning of tissues
Temporomandibular joint Disorder in oral pathology HIMANSHU DHAKAD
In this slide we talk about temporomandibular joint disorders
Its introduction,classification , anatomy , histology in details
Also cover articular disorder
Traumatic disturbances
Non articular disorders
Development disturbance etc.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It describes the development, components, ligaments, vascularization, innervation and relationships of the TMJ. The key components discussed include the articular disc, condyle, articular eminence, glenoid fossa, capsule and ligaments. The functions of synovial fluid in lubrication and the receptors and nerves involved in proprioception are also summarized.
Examination of tmj &muscles of mastication (2)rachitajainr
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects the mandible to the temporal bone. It is a synovial joint that allows hinge-like and gliding motions. The articular disc separates the joint into upper and lower compartments. Ligaments such as the collateral, temporomandibular, and sphenomandibular ligaments stabilize and limit movements of the joint. Examination of the TMJ involves history taking, inspection, palpation of the joint and muscles, and assessing maximum mouth opening.
The document discusses diseases of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It begins with an introduction to the anatomy of the TMJ, including its components like the articular disc. It then discusses various disorders that can affect the TMJ, classifying them as structural disorders like developmental issues, inflammation, infection, or degenerative changes, or functional disorders like pain/dysfunction syndrome. Specific conditions that can cause limited or excessive mobility of the joint like trismus, pseudoankylosis, and true ankylosis are then explained in more detail.
The document defines various anatomical structures and movements of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It describes the TMJ as a synovial joint that allows hinge-like and sliding movements between the condyle of the mandible and temporal bone. Key terms defined include the articular disc, ligaments, muscles of mastication, and different movements such as protrusion, retrusion, and lateral excursions.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It describes the TMJ as a compound synovial joint that connects the lower jaw to the skull. The TMJ allows for complex movements through its articular disc and surrounding ligaments. The document outlines the embryonic development of the TMJ and provides detailed descriptions of the anatomical structures that make up the joint, including the articular surfaces, disc, ligaments, innervation, and vascularization. It explains the biomechanical functions of these structures during jaw movements like opening, closing, and rotating.
Similar to Surgical anatomy of temporomandibular joint (20)
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Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Surgical anatomy of temporomandibular joint
1. GUIDED BY- Dr. Bipin Bulgannawar
(H.O.D)
Dr. Khalid Agwani
Dr. Manish Sharma
Dr. Ramank Mathur
PRESENTED BY-
Dr. Raghvendra Singh Narela
P.G 2st year
3. Innervation and vascularization
Biomechanics
Applied surgical anatomy
Disk disorders
4. Joint of the jaw.
There are two TMJ’s, one on
either side, working in unison.
The name derived from the two
bones which form the joint:
the upper temporal bone
which is part of the cranium
(skull)
lower jaw bone called the
mandible.
Introduction
5. The unique feature of the TMJs is the articular disc.
The TMJs are one of the only synovial joints in the
human body with an articular disc, another being the
sternoclavicular joint..
6. The most important functions of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are
mastication and speech and are of great interest to dentists and oral
surgeons.
The TMJ is a ginglymoarthrodial joint.
This term is derived from ginglymus, meaning a hinge joint, allowing motion
only backward and forward in one plane, and arthrodia, meaning a joint of
which permits a gliding motion of the surfaces.
The common features of the synovial joints exhibited by this joint include :-
a) Disk
b) Bone
c) Fibrous capsule
d) Fluid
e) Synovial membrane
f) Ligaments
However, the features that differentiate and make this joint unique are:
7. Its articular surface covered by fibrocartilage
instead of hyaline cartilage.
Bilateral diarthrosis – right & left function together.
Only joint in human body to have a rigid endpoint of
closure that of the teeth making occlusal contact.
In contrast to other diarthrodial joints TMJ is last
joint to start develop, in about 7th week in utero.
Develops from two distinct blastema
10. Diarthoidal – 2 articulating components
i) condyle of the mandible –(1 )
ii) squamous portion of the temporal bone–
concave articular fossa –(3)
the convex articular eminence—(4)
11. The TMJ is a
ginglymoarthrodial joint, a
term that is derived from
ginglymus, meaning a hinge
joint, allowing motion only
backward and forward in one
plane, and arthrodia,
meaning a joint of which
permits a gliding motion of
the surfaces.
12. These two bones are actually separated by an
articular disc—(2), which divides the TMJ
into two distinct compartments
13.
14. Mandibular condyle (A1)
The articular surface of
the temporal bone
i) glenoid fossa (A3)
ii) articular eminence
(A4)
The fibrous capsule.(B1)
The articular disc.(A2)
A
B
1
15. Discal ligaments
Extracapsular Ligaments
Synovial membrane
Mucsle (lat pterygoid)
A
B
16.
17. The condyle is elliptically shaped with its long axis
oriented mediolaterally
Condyle
18. It has lateral and medial
poles:
The medial pole is
directed more posteriorly.
Thus, if the long axes of
two condyles are
extended medially, they
meet at approximately
the basion on the anterior
limit of the foramen
magnum, forming an
angle that opens toward
the front ranging from
145° to 160°
19. Broad mediolaterally (which
can avg between 17 and 23
mm)
narrow ant post( 8 to 10 mm )
Has –lat tubercle,
medial tubercle
joint capsule
Condyle
20. Lat & med tubercle
provide attachments to
the lat & med collateral
lig.
Condyle
21. On medial aspect just below its
articular surface is a prominent
depression,
the pterygoid fovea, which is the site of
attachments of the lateral pterygoid
muscle
pterygoid fovea
Condyle
22.
23. Aka—Mandibular
fossa(MF)
Limited post by
petrotympanic fissure(pf)
Consists of lateral & medial
rims
Lateral rim(lr)—continues
ant into zygomatic
tubercle(zt)
Medial rim(mr)—just lat to
spine of sphenoid,foramen
spinosum,MM art.
MF mr
pf
lr
zt
Glenoid fossa
24. Roof of fossa –thin &
separates brain from
the joint cavity
Thus care should be
taken during surgical
manipulation
Fossa is covered by
thin fibrous layer—
area not normally
loaded during
function
mid cranial fossa
Glenoid fossa
25. The steep & more vertical form of the fossa has been associated
with :-
1- articular disk displacement
2- sublaxation
3- dislocation
Glenoid fossa
26.
27. Consists of –
A descending
slope
Transverse ridge
Ascending ridge
Covered by dense , compact
fibrous tissue— primarily
collagen with few elastic fibers
Articular eminence
28. Underlying fibrous
layer—
i)choncroid bone
ii)compact bone
Sup strata of ant
bilaminar zone inserts
on the ascending
slopes—limits ant sup
recess
Subjected to loading
during function
Articular eminence
33. Thin sleeve of tissue completely surrounding the
joint.
Extends from the circumference of the cranial
articular surface to the neck of the mandible.
The outline –
anterolaterally to the articular tubercle,
laterally to the lateral rim of the mandibular fossa,
posterolateral to the postglenoid process,
Importance-Enlargement of parotid gland (PG)could
impinge on the post capsule and cause pain
posteriorly to the posterior articular ridge,
medially to the medial margin of the temporal.
34. The outline of attachment on the
mandibular neck -
Laterally- the lateral condylar
pole but
Medially - dips below the medial
pole.
On the lateral part of the joint,
the capsule is a well-defined
structure that functionally
limits the forward translation of
the condyle.
35. Medially and laterally-
blends with the
condylodiscal ligaments.
• This capsule is reinforced more laterally by an
external TMJ ligament, which also limits the
distraction and the posterior movement of the
condyle.
36. Anteriorly, the capsule has
an orifice through which
the lateral pterygoid
tendon passes. This area
of relative weakness in
the capsular lining
becomes a source of
possible herniation of
intra-articular tissues,
and this, in part, may
allow forward
displacement of the disk.
37. The capsule is lined by
synovial membrane,
which lubricate the
joint.
Capsule
38. Functions:
Seals joint space
Passive stability
does not restrain movements
Synovial lining
Proprioceptive nerve endings
Capsule
39. Present betweeen the post capsule & post glenoid
tubercle
Drawn into joint space during ant movements
May be the cause of severe bleeding if lateral capsular
incision is extended into this area
VB
40.
41. Dense fibrous
plate (like the
firm and flexible
elastic cartilage
of the ear)
Fills space bet
condyle &
temporol bone
Articular disc
43. Aneural & Avascular
Biconcave
has med & lat rims
Divide joint in 2 regions
Articular disc
44. • THE SUPERIOR SURFACE OF THE DISC - SADDLE-SHAPED
( TO FIT INTO THE CRANIAL CONTOUR )
• THE INFERIOR SURFACE - CONCAVE
( TO FIT AGAINST THE MANDIBULAR CONDYLE. )
45. The inferior compartment
–
mandible condyle+
articular disc -rotational
movement (opening and
closing movements).
The superior
Compartment–
articular disk + temporal
bone - translational
movements (sliding the
lower jaw forward or side to
side)
Both joint spaces have small
capacities, generally 1cc or
less.
Articular disc
47. • Anatomical Disk
Structures =
• Central Thin Zone
• Anterior Band
• Posterior Band
• Posterior
Attachment
Articular disc
48. The articular disc is a
roughly oval, firm, fibrous
plate.
1. anterior band = 2 mm in
thickness,
2. posterior band = 3 mm
thick,
3. thin in the centre
intermediate band of 1 mm
thickness.
More posteriorly there is a
bilaminar or retrodiscal
region.
49. The disc is attached all
around the joint capsule
except for the strong
straps that fix the disc
directly to the medial and
lateral condylar poles,
which ensure that the disc
and condyle move
together in protraction
and retraction.
50. The anterior extension of
the disc is attached to a
fibrous capsule superiorly
and inferiorly.
In between it gives
insertion to the lateral
pterygoid muscle where
the fibrous capsule is
lacking and the synovial
membrane is supported
only by loose areolar
tissue.
51. The anterior and posterior
bands have predominantly
transversal running fibers,
while the thin
intermediate zone has
anteroposteriorly oriented
fibers.
Primarily consists of
collagen(type I & II)
High no. of fibroblasts ,
low chondroblast.
Posteriorly, the bilaminar
region consists of two
layers of fibers separated
by loose connective tissue.
52. The upper layer or
temporal lamina is
composed of elastin
and is attached to
the postglenoid
process, medially
extended ridge,
which is the true
posterior boundary
of the joint. It
prevents slipping of
the disc while
yawning.
• The inferior layer of the fibers or inferior lamina curve
down behind the condyle to fuse with the capsule and back
of the condylar neck at the lowest limit of the joint space. It
prevents excessive rotation of the disc over the condyle.
53. In between the two
layers, an expansile, soft
pad of blood vessels and
nerves are sandwiched
and wrapped in elastic
fibers that aid in
contracting vessels and
retracting disc in recoil
of closing movements.
• The volume of retrodiscal tissue
must increase instantaneously
when the condyle translates
anteriorly.
54. Provides stabilization during condylar
movement and shock absorption during
mastication.
Glycoaminoglycans-distributed mainly in load
bearing areas
-ve charge of GAGs absorbs water—helps in
restoring disc shape after stress are relieved
Loss of GAGs – osteoarthiritis
Articular disc
61. 1. Discal
2. Extracapsular
composed of collagen
act predominantly as restraints to motion of the
condyle and the disk.
ligaments
62. Vascular, innervated, fibroelastic
Consists of--
i) Ant & post bilaminar ligaments
ii) Lat & med collateral ligaments
iii) Discomalleolar ligament
63.
64. Anterior ligament—
Normally relaxed & fixed ( in centric
relation)
Streches downward during mouth
opening
Supported by superior & inferior head
of Left PGD muscle
Consists of 2 stratas
i)Sup. Strata –
a) inserts on ascending slope of AE
b) limits the boundary of ant sup
recces
ii)Inf. Strata –
a) inserts at the ant aspect of
condyle
b)limits ant inf recess
Discal ligaments
65. Post ligament —
Contains type I collagen& GAGs
Has 2 stratas-
i)Sup strata-
a) highly elastic
b) Inserts on lips of petrotympanic fissure
c) Limits the boundary of post sup recess
ii)Inf. strata— a) also contains elastic fibers.
b) Inserts at the post angle of
condyle.
c) Limits post inferior recess.
Stretches considerably during jaw movements.
Allow the disk to continue to cover the condyle
at all range of movements.
Discal ligaments
66. During overloading—
Pseudo disk formation-due to fibrotic change in post lig-may cause
degenerative dis
Type II collagen, sulfated proteoglycans
Obliterated blood vessels
Nerve degeneration
Discal ligaments
67. Med & lat condylodiscal
( collaterall lig)—
Collagenous,vascular ,
highly innervated
Med lig receives nerve
fibers from LT PGD muscle
Firmly attached to lat &
med poles of condyle(at
right angles)
Could allow mediolat shift
of disk relative to condyle
during chewing
Traumatic injury can lead
to-subluxation & med
displacement of disc
lcl mcl
Discal ligaments
68. Discomalleolar / Pinto’s ligament—
Post connection of med portion of disc
Fibrous link between disc & the ant process of malleus of ear
Discal ligaments
69.
70. .
define the border movements, or in other words, the farthest
extents of movements, of the mandible.
movements of the mandible made past the extents functionally
allowed by the muscular attachments will result in painful stimuli,
thus, movements past these more limited borders are rarely
achieved in normal function.
Extracapsular Ligaments
71. Main –
1) temporomandibular lig
2) sphenomandibular lig
Accessory—
1)Stylomandibular lig.
2)Pterygomandibular raphe
Extracapsular Ligaments
72. located on the lateral aspect of each
TMJ
thickened lateral portion of the
capsule
Fibers directed downwards &
backwards
Attached- above--articular
tubercle,
below --lateral aspect of neck of
condyle
Strengthens the lat part of
capsular lig
has two parts: an outer oblique
portion (OOP) and an inner
horizontal portion (IHP).
TML
73. Outer oblique portion —
Origin- outer aspect of
the articular tubercle of
the zygomatic process
Insertion-- outer
posterior surface of the
condylar neck.
limits the amount of
inferior distraction that
the condyle may achieve
in translatory and
rotational movements.
74. Inner horizantal portion—
Origin-- outer surface of
the articular tubercle
Insertion-- lateral pole of
the condyle and the
posterior aspect of the
disk
limit posterior movement
of the condyle,
particularly during
pivoting movements, such
as when the mandible
moves laterally in
chewing function.
This restriction protect
the retrodiskal tissue.
75. Remmenent of Meckel’s cart
origin--- spine of the sphenoid
Insertion--- i)mandibular
lingula
ii) the lower portion
of the medial side
of the condylar neck.
serves -- point of rotation during
activation of the lateral
pterygoid muscle--contributing
to translation of the mandible
SpML
76. Thickened part of deep cervical
fascia
Origin-- the styloid process
Insertion-- posterior border of
the angle of the mandible
blends with the fascia of the
medial pterygoid muscle.
It functions --
i)seperates parotid &
submandibular salivary gland
ii)as a point of rotation
iii) limits excessive protrusion
of the mandible.
StML
79. Lines the inside of TMJ
capsule & non-
articulating sufaces of
disk ligaments
Synovial villous
projection can be seen as
hyperemic tissue
Histologically 2 layers
i) intima
Ii) subimtima
Synovial membrane
81. i) intima—
1-4 layers deep
Consists of –
Macrophage like cells-type A cells-
phagocytosis
Fibroblast like cell-type B or S cells
secrete subintimal collagen &
proteoglycans & glycoproteins
Synovial membrane
83. The synovial fluid comes from two sources: first, from plasma by
dialysis, and second, by secretion from type A and B synoviocytes
with a volume of no more than 0.05 ml.
However, contrast radiography studies have estimated that the
upper compartment could hold approximately 1.2 ml of fluid
without undue pressure being created, while the lower has a
capacity of approximately 0.5 ml.
84. It is clear, straw-colored viscous fluid.
It diffuses out from the rich cappillary network of the synovial
membrane.
Contains:
Hyaluronic acid which is highly viscous
May also contain some free cells mostly macrophages.
Functions:
Lubricant for articulating surfaces.
Carry nutrients to the avascular tissue of the joint.
Clear the tissue debris caused by normal wear and tear of the
articulating surfaces.
Increase in pressure—may cause osteoarthiritis-pain
85.
86.
87. Movements of synovial joint initiated & effected by muscle coordination.
Achieved in part through sensory innervation.
Hilton’s Law:
The principle that the nerve supplying a joint also supplies both the muscles that
move the joint and the skin covering the articular insertion of those muscles.
Therefore: Branches of the mandibular division of the fifth cranial
nerve supply the TMJ (auriculotemporal, deep temporal, and masseteric)
90. Innervation
The specific mechanics of proprioception in the
temporomandibular joint involve four receptors.
1. Ruffini’s corpuscles
2. Pacini’s corpuscles
3. Golgi tendon organs
4. Free nerve endings
91. 1.Ruffini endings
(limited to capsule)
static mechanoreceptors which position the
mandible.
2. Pacinian corpuscles
(limited to capsule)
dynamic mechanoreceptors which accelerate
movement during reflexes.
92. 3. Golgi tendon organs
(confined to ligament)
function as static mechanoreceptors for protection of ligaments
around the temporomandibular joint.
4.Free nerve endings (nociceptors)
(most abundant)
are the pain receptors for protection of the temporomandibular
joint itself.
93. The blood supply of T.M.J. is provided by branches of the external
carotid artery,
predominately the superficial temporal branch.
Other branches of the ECA namely:
the maxillary artery-and
deep auricular artery,
anterior tympanic artery,
ascending pharyngeal artery,
may also contribute to the arterial blood supply of the joint
94. In order to work properly, there is neither innervation nor
vascularization within the central portion of the articular disc.
Had there been any nerve fibers or blood vessels, people would
bleed whenever they moved their jaws; however, movement itself
would be too painful.
95.
96. Complex free movements of the mandible made possible by the
relation of four distinct joints involved in mandibular movement:
the inferior and superior joints—bilaterally.
Complex combinations of muscle activity
Disk enables complex movements
Biomechanics
97. During jaw movements, only the mandible moves.
Normal movements of the mandible during function, such as
mastication, or chewing, are known as excursions.
There are two lateral excursions (left and right) and the forward
excursion, known as protrusion.
The reversal of protrusion is retrusion.
Biomechanics
98. Two types of movement are possible:
rotation and translation.
rotation,a hinge-like motion--The inferior
joints--condyle and disk
Translation– sup compartment
99. normal temporomandibular joint articulation in the closed and open positions.
first 20 mm
pure rotation
translatstranslates
Articulation
100. All movements of the mand.( symmetric or asymmetric) -- close
contact of the condyle, disk, and articular eminence.
Pure opening,( closing,protrusive, and retrusive ) -- bilaterally
symmetric action of the musculature.
Asymmetric movements(chewing)-- unilateral movements of the
musculature with diff amounts of translation and rotation
occurring within the joints on either side.
Biomechanics
101. In theory pure hinge motion of approximately 2.5 cm
measured at the incisal edges of the anterior teeth is
possible.
The normal inter-incisal opening of mandible s in adult is
usually between 35 and 50 mm.
Biomechanics
102. The maximum forward and lateral movement of the upper joint in
translation is approximately 1.5 cm.
Biomechanics
103. The mandible is moved primary by the four
muscles of mastication: the masseter, medial
pterygoid, lateral pterygoid and the temporalis.
These four muscles, all innervated by V3, or the
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve,
work in different groups to move the mandible in
different directions.
Biomechanics
109. Facial nerve emerging from stylomastoid foramen showing division into
upper trunk with temporal and zygomatic branches and lower trunk with
buccal, marginal, mandibular, and cervical branches
Facial Nerve
110. Fig 1.Surgical landmarks for
identifying location of main
trunk of the facial nerve and
the temporal-facial division
during joint arlhroplastic
dissection
Fig,2Note the variability at the point where the
upper trunk of the facial nerve crosses the
zygomatic trunk deep to the temporoparietal
fascia The nerve can cross point from 8 to 35
mm anterior lo the bony auditory canal.
Consequently, the plane of dissection must be
deep to the temporoparietal fascia as the
tissues are retracted anteriorly to gain access
to the joint capsule
Facial Nerve
111. the inferior extent of the incision is the soft tissue attachment of the lobule of the
ear and also the superior arm of the incision can be extended into the temporal
hairline at a 45-degree angle if greater anterior retraction of the surgical flap is
necessary.
Facial Nerve
112. Depiction of the auriculotemporal nerve emerging from the third division of
the trigeminal nerve coursing behind the neck of the condyle. The nerve
innervates the majority of the capsule and meniscal-attachment tissues. The
capsule is also innervated by the masseteric and posterior deep temporal
nerves.
trigeminal nerve
113. VASCULAR ANATOMY
The external carotid artery terminates in two branches: the
superficial temporal ,and
internal maxillary arteries.
114. Superficial temporal artery and vein, which run just below the subcutaneous
tissue anterior to the tragal cartilage.
The superficial temporal artery and vein are
routinely ligated during preauricular
approaches,
115. the internal maxillary (
usually just at or below the
level of the sigmoid
Notch )thus not
encountered unless
condylectomy is
performed.
116. Detailed view of the maxillary artery and its branches. The middle meningeal
artery courses medially from the maxillary artery, and the masseteric artery
runs laterally through the sigmoid notch. Both the maxillary and the
masseteric arteries can be damaged during extensive dissection.