The document provides steps for writing a summary and examples. It discusses summarizing an article by identifying the author, title, and main idea in the first sentence. The next sentences should explain the supporting points in the article by giving 1-2 details for each. The summary should be written in the author's tone and style using signal phrases to introduce details. An evaluation of the article can then be added commenting on whether the ideas were developed and supported, the writing style, and whether it would be recommended to others.
It's the basics.
Determine the purpose of summarizing;
Discuss the features of summarizing;
Apply effective strategies in summarizing;
Evaluate summaries.
Suppose you told your friend that you just watched a great film and your friend asks what the story is. What would you do? Would you tell the whole story? Or just simply give the gist of the story.
As an important skill in critical reading, summarizing is often used to determine the essential ideas in a book chapter, an article. These essential ideas include the gist or main idea, useful information, or key words or phrases that help you meet your reading purpose. Summarizing is generally done after reading. However, it can be done as well while reading a text.
Summarizing is an important skill because it helps you…….
deepen your understanding of the text;
Learn to identify relevant information or key ideas;
Combine details or examples that support the main ideas/s;
Concentrate on the gist or main idea and key words presented in the text; and
Capture the key ideas in the text and put them together clearly and concisely.
Active ReadingWhy Good Readers Make Better Writers.by An.docxAMMY30
Active Reading
Why Good Readers Make Better Writers.
by Anthony Starros, M.F.A.
1. Strategies for Active Reading
2. The Four Stages of Active Reading
3. Writing a Critique
This Lecture Will be in Three Parts:
Don’t Read Homework Like You Read a Magazine.
Reading for pleasure is often done passively, without the need to organize the
writer's ideas or your responses to those ideas. For college writing, though, it is
your responses to writing that is important.
Passive Reading: reading done without an active, critical mindset.
Active Reading: using techniques to more fully engage with a text.
What a writer means can be interpreted different ways by different people, so
meaning is important because it clarifies the writer’s Main Idea from the General
Topic.
Keep Your Focus on the Meaning
When it comes time to write your essays, it’s your own meaning that’s important.
• Main Idea: the key concept of the topic (meaning, sometimes opinion).
• General Topic: the general subject of a passage (objective, just the facts).
The best way to read actively is to annotate. Annotating is simply writing notes
in the margins of a text as you read.
The Benefits of Annotating:
• Annotations provide a variety of points to keep in mind while looking
for ideas to include in your own essay.
• Annotating will help you locate and interpret the meaning of any text.
• Annotating will save you time since you won’t have to read something
over and over again to understand the author’s meaning.
http://www.csupomona.edu/~crsp/handouts/marking_textbook.html
Here is what annotating looks like:
There is, though, such a thing as bad annotating:
http://homologue.wordpress.com/2008/11/02/flat-stanley-and-utensils/
Helpful Hints for Annotating:
If you've annotated well, you can simply go back and read your notes to help
gather your thoughts on the author's main idea and start formulating meaning.
1. the topic (what is the subject being talked about?)
3. supporting details (evidence or examples used)
2. the main idea (what is the writer’s point about the subject?)
There are key points to look out for in a passage. These 3 key elements to
comprehension are:
4. your responses (Do you agree/disagree? Why?)
Strategies for Active Reading:
1. Always read with a pen or pencil in hand!
2. Use that pencil to annotate
3. Listen to what you're reading -- consider yourself in a dialogue with the author
4. Compare authors' ideas with what you know
5. Question statements made by the author
6. Identify important ideas and respond with your own
7. Look up words you don't know immediately
The Four Stages of Active Reading:
1. prep (access prior knowledge -- what do you know about the subject?)
2. read (annotate)
3. re-read (annotate)
4. review (further develop your own responses from your notes)
Yes, read it twice.
Just like listening to music or watching a movie, the more often you hear
or see it, th.
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2. Summary
What is a summary?
What do we look for when we write a summary?
--Who
--What
--Where
--When
--Why
--How
3. Summary
Step One:
--Preview the material and think of a few questions that you have
about it.
Step Two:
--Read the material and take notes. Look for the 5Ws.
Step Three:
--After you’re finished reading, put the material away and write in
your own words what the article was about.
Here’s a good method: Pretend you are picking up the telephone to
tell a friend about the article. Just use your regular conversational
tone and tell it like it is…briefly, with emphasis on what is important,
and the impact that article might have on them. Then write it just like
you said it, and revise and edit later.
4. Summary
Exercise:
1. Preview the article
2. Read the article and take notes
3. Push the article away and out of site
4. Imagine if you had to tell your best friend what you just read. From
your memory, write down a few of the most important ideas.
5. Step 1: Introduce the author, article, and
main idea
Never assume that your audience already knows the work that you are referring to even if
the audience is your professor. Instead, imagine your audience is anyone on campus who
may come across your work.
In his/her article (or lecture) "________________________,” _____________________
(title, first letter capitalized) (author/lecturer's last name)
argues/claims/reports/contends/maintains/states that ____________________________.
(main idea/argument; S + V + C)
Example: In his article “The Compadre," Dr. Miguel Torres states that friendships
are difficult to maintain, and that open communication, honesty, and humor are
the keys to maintaining long lasting friendships.
Adapted from:
Ramazani, Christine. “Guidelines for Writing A Summary.” Academics SMV. 3 March 2012. Web.
6. Step 2: Provide sentences that explain the
supporting points.
Keep the same style and tone that the author uses in the original
article.
For a one-paragraph summary, discuss each supporting point in a separate
sentence. Give 1-2 explanations for each supporting point, summarizing the
information from the original.
Example:
The author supports the main idea by______________ and showing
that__________________.
7. Example of Summary
In his article “The Compadre," Dr. Miguel Torres states that
friendships are difficult to maintain, and that open communication,
honesty, and humor are the keys to maintaining long lasting
friendships. The author supports the main idea by including personal
stories and interviews. Torres tells a personal story from his own life
about how poor communication resulted in a misunderstanding and a
ruined friendship. In addition to communication, according to various
surveys, friends who are truthful and honest tend to have better
relationships. Torres cautions against brutal honesty but does
emphasize the importance of being forthcoming. Torres points out
that his surveys also indicated that when friends have a sense of
humor with each other, there’s a greater likelihood that friendships
will last a longer time.
9. Evaluation
After writing the summary, add an evaluation.
What’s an evaluation?
--Your opinion about what you’ve read.
10. Evaluation
What should I include in the evaluation?
--Did you like or dislike the article? Why?
--Comment on the author’s ideas. Consider if they were
well developed and supported.
--Comment on the author’s style of writing. Consider if
it was easy to read and understand. You can discuss
word choice, sentence length, etc.
--Comment on if you would recommend the article to
someone else to read.
11. Example of Evaluation
Dr. Torres’s article covers some important issues
that give the reader valuable insight into maintaining
friendships. His ideas are clear and easy to
understand, and his work seems to be well researched
and documented. Torres’s style of writing is concise
and to the point. He does not use unnecessary jargon
or fancy language that makes it difficult to read.
Other readers who are interested in maintaining
friendships would benefit from reading his article.