This document provides guidance on academic writing, summarizing, paraphrasing, and analyzing texts. It discusses the importance of actively reading texts by breaking them down, marking details, and re-reading. The key aspects of summarizing are outlined, including writing a brief overview of the main ideas and keeping it shorter than the original text. Analysis is described as forming an opinion on a text by considering how the author supports their ideas and asking critical questions. Students are assigned a paper summarizing and analyzing an article on "Desirable Difficulties" and directed to online resources for more details and submission guidelines.
Introduction to Thesis Statements (High School)Ashley Bishop
I wrote this for my 9th graders to introduce them to writing a thesis statement. It includes a short quiz mid-way through and has them write their own thesis statement for an essay they are already writing.
Introduction to Thesis Statements (High School)Ashley Bishop
I wrote this for my 9th graders to introduce them to writing a thesis statement. It includes a short quiz mid-way through and has them write their own thesis statement for an essay they are already writing.
Englwrit112: Strategies for revising Unit 2Heather Wayne
College Writing lesson plan with strategies for revising Unit 2: Responding to a Text. Includes activities for rethinking organization, developing critical analysis of quotes, and revising introductions.
I created this presentation to go along with a text book I use in my class.
McWhorter, Kathleen T. Reflections: Patterns for Reading and Writing. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2013. Print.
Easiest Way to Write a Thesis StatementCustomWriting
This useful and detailed guide will help you create great thesis statements easily and without any trouble at all!
Great tips created by our academic professionals with over 6 years of experience.
Looking for more academic help?
Check out our website: www.custom-writing.org
Englwrit112: Strategies for revising Unit 2Heather Wayne
College Writing lesson plan with strategies for revising Unit 2: Responding to a Text. Includes activities for rethinking organization, developing critical analysis of quotes, and revising introductions.
I created this presentation to go along with a text book I use in my class.
McWhorter, Kathleen T. Reflections: Patterns for Reading and Writing. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2013. Print.
Easiest Way to Write a Thesis StatementCustomWriting
This useful and detailed guide will help you create great thesis statements easily and without any trouble at all!
Great tips created by our academic professionals with over 6 years of experience.
Looking for more academic help?
Check out our website: www.custom-writing.org
Allow enough time. Before you can write about the research, yo.docxgreg1eden90113
Allow enough time. Before you can write about the research, you have to understand it.
This can often take a lot longer than most people realize. Only when you can clearly
read the article are you ready to write about it.
Scan the article first. If you try to read a new article from start to finish, you'll get bogged down in detail. Instead, use your knowledge of APA
format to find the main points. Briefly look at each section to identify:
the research question and reason for the study (stated in the Introduction)
the hypothesis or hypotheses tested (Introduction)
how the hypothesis was tested (Method)
the findings (Results, including tables and figures)
how the findings were interpreted (Discussion)
Underline key sentences or write the key point (e.g., hypothesis, design) of each paragraph in the margin. Although the abstract can help you to
identify the main points, you cannot rely on it exclusively, because it contains very condensed information. Remember to focus on the parts of the
article that are most relevant.
Plagiarism. Plagiarism is al avoid it:
Take notes in your own words. Using short notes or summarizing key points in your own words forces you to rewrite the ideas into your own words
later.
If you find yourself sticking closely to the original language and making only minor changes to the wording, then you probably don't understand the
study
Writing the Summary
Like an abstract in a published research article, the purpose of an article summary is to give the reader a brief overview of the study. To write a good
summary, identify what information is important and condense that information for your reader. The better you understand a subject, the easier it is to
explain it thoroughly and briefly.
Write a first draft. Use the same order as in the article itself. Adjust the length accordingly depending on the content of your particular article and
how you will be using the summary. For the first draft, focus on content, not length (it will probably be too long). Condense later as needed. Try
writing about the hypotheses, methods and results first, then about the introduction and discussion last. If you have trouble on one section, leave it for
a while and try another.
Edit for completeness and accuracy. Add information for completeness where necessary. More commonly, if you understand the article, you will
need to cut redundant or less important information. Stay focused on the research question, be concise, and avoid generalities.
Edit for style. Expect your readers to be interested, but don't make them struggle to understand you. Include all the important details; don't assume
that they are already understood.
Eliminate wordiness, including most adverbs ("very", "clearly"). "The results
be shortened to "There was no significant difference between the groups".
Use specific, concrete language. Use precise language and cite specific examples to support assertions. Avoid vague refer.
The word journal comes from the French word jour and from the Latin word diurnalis meaning daily. Thus, a journal is some form of notebook in which daily writing (or at least regular writing) is recorded. Journals help people clarify their thoughts. Jotting down feelings, responses, and insights into daily events gives writers an opportunity to discover what they think and how they feel about different topics.
Writing the Rough DraftThe purpose of this assignment is three-f.docxambersalomon88660
Writing the Rough Draft
The purpose of this assignment is three-fold.
1. First, almost every piece of writing that you complete at the college level will involve arguing for a specific viewpoint. Even essays that simply are informative are trying to convince the reader of the validity of the information. This essay will allow you to demonstrate that you understand how to compose an effective piece of persuasive writing.
2. Second, you will be required to write many research papers as you complete your academic career. This essay allows you to demonstrate that you understand how to effectively cite the information you gather from completing the research assignments that led up to writing this essay.
3. Finally, this essay gives you the chance to discuss something you feel is important, either for your own information or for the general population, and you get a guaranteed audience.
General Guidelines for Writing the Essay & Tips for Putting it Together
· Write a 6-8 page essay that discusses your research topic. Begin with a catchy first sentence and interesting first paragraph that explains why you chose this topic and why someone should read about this topic. If you wrote a good story for your Research Proposal, that story can become the introduction for your research essay.
· The first paragraph or two should discuss the issue, problem, or topic that you researched. It should provide any background information that is necessary for the reader to understand the essay, and it should define any unfamiliar terms. Once you introduce the topic and provide background information, then you should state your thesis and the main reasons for your thesis. You will continually refer back to the thesis statement throughout the paper, AND everything in the paper will be connected to the thesis statement. This will help you keep your focus and go deep rather than broad into the information you gathered.
· After you have introduced your topic and stated the thesis, explain your first sub-claim (a sub-claim is a claim that supports the main idea or thesis). Remember this is an essay so you should have one main point that you are trying to communicate. You may have found out many, many things that you cannot include. What is the most important information? What's the best way to get that across to your readers?
· Each paragraph is also like a mini-essay. Each paragraph will have one main point or idea that you are developing. Then you will explain the main idea and give examples.
· Use transitions between paragraphs and ideas so that the essay flows.
· Be sure to introduce your quotes and paraphrased ideas. You might want to review the lesson from the Summary folder that discusses paraphrasing, summarizing, and quoting. Do NOT just drop a quote into your paper without an introduction and discussion.
· Be sure to use ethos, pathos, and logos to strengthen your argument and appeal to your audience. Follow this link for a discussion of the rhetorical appeals an.
Active ReadingWhy Good Readers Make Better Writers.by An.docxAMMY30
Active Reading
Why Good Readers Make Better Writers.
by Anthony Starros, M.F.A.
1. Strategies for Active Reading
2. The Four Stages of Active Reading
3. Writing a Critique
This Lecture Will be in Three Parts:
Don’t Read Homework Like You Read a Magazine.
Reading for pleasure is often done passively, without the need to organize the
writer's ideas or your responses to those ideas. For college writing, though, it is
your responses to writing that is important.
Passive Reading: reading done without an active, critical mindset.
Active Reading: using techniques to more fully engage with a text.
What a writer means can be interpreted different ways by different people, so
meaning is important because it clarifies the writer’s Main Idea from the General
Topic.
Keep Your Focus on the Meaning
When it comes time to write your essays, it’s your own meaning that’s important.
• Main Idea: the key concept of the topic (meaning, sometimes opinion).
• General Topic: the general subject of a passage (objective, just the facts).
The best way to read actively is to annotate. Annotating is simply writing notes
in the margins of a text as you read.
The Benefits of Annotating:
• Annotations provide a variety of points to keep in mind while looking
for ideas to include in your own essay.
• Annotating will help you locate and interpret the meaning of any text.
• Annotating will save you time since you won’t have to read something
over and over again to understand the author’s meaning.
http://www.csupomona.edu/~crsp/handouts/marking_textbook.html
Here is what annotating looks like:
There is, though, such a thing as bad annotating:
http://homologue.wordpress.com/2008/11/02/flat-stanley-and-utensils/
Helpful Hints for Annotating:
If you've annotated well, you can simply go back and read your notes to help
gather your thoughts on the author's main idea and start formulating meaning.
1. the topic (what is the subject being talked about?)
3. supporting details (evidence or examples used)
2. the main idea (what is the writer’s point about the subject?)
There are key points to look out for in a passage. These 3 key elements to
comprehension are:
4. your responses (Do you agree/disagree? Why?)
Strategies for Active Reading:
1. Always read with a pen or pencil in hand!
2. Use that pencil to annotate
3. Listen to what you're reading -- consider yourself in a dialogue with the author
4. Compare authors' ideas with what you know
5. Question statements made by the author
6. Identify important ideas and respond with your own
7. Look up words you don't know immediately
The Four Stages of Active Reading:
1. prep (access prior knowledge -- what do you know about the subject?)
2. read (annotate)
3. re-read (annotate)
4. review (further develop your own responses from your notes)
Yes, read it twice.
Just like listening to music or watching a movie, the more often you hear
or see it, th.
Today we are going to talk about a type of writing that is currently considered a literary genre like poetry, drama or fiction.
Like any genre, there is a structure or format that must be followed when writing an essay. In turn, this scheme must have certain parts to be considered as such.
For More: https://myassignmenthelp.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
1. J U L Y 1 5 2 0 1 3
A C A D E M I C W R I T I N G W 9
P L E A S E R E A D A N D L I S T E N A L O N G T O T H E A U D I O
D U R I N G T H I S P R E S E N T A T I O N . N O T E T H A T N O T
A L L S L I D E S H A V E A U D I O . T H E O N E S W I T H A U D I O
H A V E A S M A L L Y E L L O W S P E A K E R O N T H E B O T T O M
R I G H T C O R N E R . Y O U C A N C L I C K O N T H E I C O N T O
H E A R M Y R E C O R D I N G , B U T I T S H O U L D
A U T O M A T I C A L L Y S T A R T I N A P R E S E N T A T I O N
Active reading, summarizing,
paraphrasing, and Paper 1
2. Before summary & analysis: Active Reading
Reading is not a passive activity- it requires
everyone to think, make connections, infer, and
draw conclusions
Some texts require more time and energy from us
It takes a while to digest them!
It is not always the goal to understand a text 100%
Sometimes understanding the main idea, specific
examples, and implications is enough
3. Guidelines for active reading
Break down the reading process into four steps:
1. Get the basics: features and structure
2. Mark details that surprise, confuse or interest you
3. Read everything, again
4. Dissect the visual aides. They are there for a reason
4. 1. Getting the basics
What kind of text am I reading?
Essay, fiction, editorial
Argumentative essay, expository essay
Why did the author write this?
To inform me or persuade me?
Who is this intended for?
Is this for a college student or a employee?
What is the author’s thesis?
What is this text going to explain?
What evidence does the author give me to support
his/her thesis?
Is s/he giving me numbers, facts, or anecdotes?
5. 2. Mark details: Engage the text
Write in the margins, highlight, underline, take a
screen shot, or star:
Sentences that are confusing, interesting, or
questionable
Parts of the reading you don’t understand and need to
re-read
Make note of any contradictory evidence or ideas
the author gives
Always refer the ideas, examples and statements to
your own life. Do you agree or disagree?
6. 3. Read and re-read
It may sound tedious, but often in order to
understand dense material you MUST re-read it
Often when we re-read a text, we notice a
sentence or idea that we had not noticed before
There are also techniques on how to skim
through a text, looking for key words and ideas
7. 4. Dissect the visual aides
Photos, graphs, and diagrams are all intentionally
put next to a text
Use the visuals to your advantage: Find out how they help
your understanding of the text
Try to think about what first strikes you when you
see the image
8. Characteristic of Paraphrasing or Summarizing?
Or both? Or neither?
Entire reading
Typically uses present tense
Includes own opinion
Has a citation
Same length as original reading
Portion of reading
Includes main idea
Includes quotes
May use a variety of tenses
Includes only a portion of information
Is put in own words
Much shorter than original reading
Discusses how the author supported their ideas
9. Answers:
Entire reading - summary
Typically uses present tense - summary
Includes own opinion - neither
Has a citation - both
Same length as original reading - paraphrase
Portion of reading - paraphrase
Includes main idea - summary
Includes quotes - neither
May use a variety of tenses - paraphrase
Includes only a portion of information - paraphrase
Is put in own words - both
Much shorter than original reading - summary
Discusses how the author supported their ideas - summary
10. Summaries and summarizing
What is a summary?
Generally speaking, it is brief an account that explains
something:
a speech, a report, or an article
Specifically, it is a brief, clear statement of a work’s
main ideas and key points
Why do we write summaries?
Many reasons
For others: Teachers, bosses, peers, friends
To check our own comprehension
To prove our understanding of a text
11. Components of a good summary
Content:
Main ideas
Examples/points
Title and author of the summarized text
Length:
Usually 1 paragraph or 7-10 sentences
The longer the text, the longer the summary
12. Order:
First, mention the title and author of the text you are
summarizing
Second, state their main idea(s)
Third, state their points and examples
Language:
3rd person
Ex: “It is said” vs “I think” or “you should”
Present tense
Ex: “She explains that the best time to take a nap is…: vs “She
explained that the best..”
Remember to use your own words
No copying or unintentional plagiarizing
13. Example Summary of “Bingo in Swansea” by
Sasha Frere-Jones
In his article titled “Bingo in Swansea,” Sasha Frere-
Jones introduces the American public to the music and
background of British-Sri Lankan artist M.I.A.
Describing her music as raw and unpolished, Frere-Jones
believes that M.I.A.’s music represents real “world
music.” He explains this not only in terms of the sounds
and beats, but also in terms of the politically charged
lyrics and dangerous themes, such as teenage
prostitution. In addition to her music, Frere-Jones
describes M.I.A.’s rough childhood and Tamil roots. He
ends the article by giving a detailed account of M.I.A.’s
first performance, held inEngland.
14. Sample summary of Wikipedia article
Jean Paul Sartre is a well- known French existentialist
philosopher. He was born on June 21, 1905 in Paris, France.
He was the only child of Jean Baptiste Satre and
Anna- Marie Schweitzer. Since Sartre was a little kid, he
had a big interest in philosophy. He earned a doctorate
degree in philosophy at Ecole Normale Superieure, a well
known school for French intellectuals. After that, he was
drafted to go to World War II and that was when he started
questioning the cultural and social assumptions and
expectations of an individual. In 1943, Sartre published
his first book, Being and Nothingness. After that he
published, The Flies and No Exit. Sartre was very involved in
society, he contributed to news articles such as Combat and
The Rebel. In October 1964, Sartre was given the Noble
Prize of Literature but he declined it. Sartre died April
15, 1980 because of his health was deteriorated.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Paul_Sartre
15. Analysis
What is an analysis?
“Whereas a summary most often answers the question of
what a text says, an analysis looks at how a text makes its
point” (Hacker, 2007, p. 63)
Think of a written analysis as writing your
understanding and interpretation of a text
A summary requires you to be objective, whereas
an analysis require you to take a stance and form
an opinion
An analysis involves you stating a point (in the
form of a thesis or topic sentence) and arguing it
(in the form of examples)
16. Some questions to ask when analyzing a text
What is the author’s thesis?
Who is the audience?
How does the author structure the text?
What evidence does the author use to support the
thesis?
Is the evidence credible?
Where are his/her sources from?
Does the author give faulty reasoning?
Are the ideas plausible?
17. Did that sound familiar?
Reading and analyzing go hand in hand
In fact, these two actions often blend one into the
other
You can’t really do one without the other
18. Quick Quiz: Main Ideas of .ppt
What were the three main concepts of this
presentation?
How do they relate to one another?
What are the characteristics of each?
How will you apply this to your writing?
19. Paper 1
Paper 1 will be a summary and analysis of the main
ideas and concepts in the article on Desirable
Difficulties
Follow guidelines from this .ppt and Writer’s Help
Write a paragraph or two in which you summarize
the article
Write a paragraph or two in which you offer up your
analysis of the ideas of Desirable Difficulties and
your opinion on how credible they sound based on
the evidence given by the author
20. 1.5-2 pages in length
About 1/3 summary and 2/3 analysis
Times New Roman
12 point font
Double spaced
One inch margins
Informative, descriptive title
Clear distinction between summary and analysis/opinion
Detailed examples to support claims in analysis
Smooth transition from summary to analysis
21. Paper 1 Continue
Go to bspace.berkeley,edu and click on the
Assignments tab
Find the assignment for Paper 1 and read more
directions there carefully
If you have questions, post them on the Forum
rather than email me
When you have completed a draft, upload it under
Assignments
Needs to be a .doc or .docx
