It's the basics.
Determine the purpose of summarizing;
Discuss the features of summarizing;
Apply effective strategies in summarizing;
Evaluate summaries.
Suppose you told your friend that you just watched a great film and your friend asks what the story is. What would you do? Would you tell the whole story? Or just simply give the gist of the story.
As an important skill in critical reading, summarizing is often used to determine the essential ideas in a book chapter, an article. These essential ideas include the gist or main idea, useful information, or key words or phrases that help you meet your reading purpose. Summarizing is generally done after reading. However, it can be done as well while reading a text.
Summarizing is an important skill because it helps you…….
deepen your understanding of the text;
Learn to identify relevant information or key ideas;
Combine details or examples that support the main ideas/s;
Concentrate on the gist or main idea and key words presented in the text; and
Capture the key ideas in the text and put them together clearly and concisely.
This slide contains the topic on how to use appropriate critical approaches in writing a critique such as formalism, feminism, reader-response criticism and Marxist criticism (Marxism).
This slide contains the topic on how to use appropriate critical approaches in writing a critique such as formalism, feminism, reader-response criticism and Marxist criticism (Marxism).
Joining the ConversationIn college writing, it is important that.docxjesssueann
Joining the Conversation
In college writing, it is important that you can express yourself clearly and concisely. However, it is often not enough to simply explain what you're thinking. It is often necessary to explain how your ideas and arguments relate to the ideas and arguments offered by other writers. In other words, writing is a type of conversation, and in this lesson, you will begin learning how to join that conversation.
Student Learning Outcomes addressed in this unit:
Write in a style appropriate to audience and purpose
Demonstrate knowledge of indivdual and collaborative writing processes
Develop ideas with appropriate support and attribution
Use Edited American English in academic essays
Read, reflect and respond critically to a variety of texts
Vocabulary for Unit 3
These are the vocabulary words for this unit. Remember to incorporate them into your Discussion Board in this unit.
Conviction Impression Misconception Perspective
Profound Inherent Inveterate Amenable
Impinge Subversion Aesthetic
Lesson: Active Reading
When you participate in a conversation with a group of people, you must first listen to what the group is saying and understand their ideas and opinions before you can put in your own two cents. A written conversation works much the same way. Before writing about or responding to any text, you must begin by reading carefully and actively. This lesson introduces you to those skills.
Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing
For many writing assignments, you will be required to use source material in your essays. Using source material can strengthen your writing because it shows that you have found evidence to support your main points from other writers. There are several different ways to incorporate source material into your writing: quoting, paraphrasing, summarizing, and a combination of any or all of the above.
When Should You Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize?
Whether you decide to use quotations, paraphrases, or summaries depends on a number of different factors. Here are some suggestions for how to decide which to use:
You should include
quotations
when
The author’s credentials will give your paper credibility
It is worded in a powerful, poignant way
The wording is very technical and difficult to translate
You should include
paraphrases
when
The source material is important but the wording is not (like facts and statistics)
The writer is not an expert in the field that would give your paper more credibility
You should include
summaries
when
The overall argument or main ideas are important but the details are not
The source materials needs to be shorter than the original
How do I quote, paraphrase, and summarize?
Steps for Quoting
Make a Quotation Sandwich
Start with an introduction to the quote saying who says it and giving the author’s credentials.
Give the quote. Don’t ...
Developing your personal writing style for your dissertation or thesis.
Copies of the 'Winner Dissertation Project' are available at:
http://www.thefreeschool.education/dissertation-writing.html
Writing Assignment #4
The Multiple-Source Synthesis Essay:
Literature Review
Summary of assignment
• Task: The multiple-source essay asks you to synthesize the arguments of at least 10
sources
• Length: 2000-3000 words
• Format: APA
• Sources: a total of at least 10 sources, all of which should be from scholarly journals or
credible trade journals. You should find your sources through library searches.
o If you cite sources from websites or popular journals, these sources should be in
addition to the 10 sources you have cited from scholarly or trade journals.
• Topic: Please use the same topic that you used for writing assignment #3. It is
recommended that you focus on or expand on the essay that you wrote for writing
assignment #3. You will continue with the topic you have selected and will conduct
additional searches in the library databases, hopefully focus the topic more, and
determine the 10 or more sources to use in this essay.
• Integration of Sources: At least eight sources must be cited in the body of the essay.
You may cite sources in your introduction to help you define terms, and you may cite
sources in your conclusion to help you direct the reader to further inquiry. However, the
body of the essay should synthesize at least eight sources.
Strategies in Developing the Topic for this Essay
Up to this point in the semester, you have completed an annotated bibliography. You have also
incorporated and synthesized four sources into writing assignment #2 and six sources into
writing assignment #3. The work you have completed for these assignments provides a solid
foundation for writing assignment #4. In this assignment you will synthesize the ideas of at least
10 sources in a synthesis essay, or literature review.
For your annotated bibliography, you selected a topic based on your interests and, possibly, your
major. You constructed a list of five references and summarized and critically analyzed them in
150-200 words each. You then completed the four-source essay and the six-source essay.
Through this process, you may have seen patterns in the scholarly literature in the topic on which
you conducted research. For example, consider the following examples:
•You may have researched studies in criminal justice and found that there are varying
opinions on how to respond to criminal behavior among youth.
•You may have researched studies in psychology and found that counseling strategies
for victims of domestic abuse tend to fall into four categories.
•You may have researched articles on gerontology and found studies that answered
three basic questions on how older adults respond to training for physical performance.
•You may have researched articles on environmental management and found studies
on climate change. You noticed that various demographic factors influence whether
individuals believe in climate change and, if so, whether they believe it is caused b.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
3. Self-audit
Usually Sometimes Seldom Never
1.I establish my reading purpose before I summarize.
2.I make sure that I fully understand the text before I
summarize.
3.I use my own words in my summary.
4.I include only the key ideas when summarizing.
5.I highlight key words and phrases and make annotations
when summarizing.
6.I refrain from adding comments in summarizing.
7.I vary sentence structure when writing a summary in
paragraph.
8.I use reporting verbs to my summary.
9.I cite sources.
10.I eliminate redundant ideas from the summary.
5. Let’s learn…..
•
Suppose you told your friend that
you just watched a great film
and your friend asks what the
story is. What would you do?
Would you tell the whole story?
Or just simply give the gist of the
story.
6. What is summarizing?
•
As an important skill in critical reading, summarizing is often used to
determine the essential ideas in a book chapter, an article. These essential
ideas include the gist or main idea, useful information, or key words or
phrases that help you meet your reading purpose. Summarizing is generally
done after reading. However, it can be done as well while reading a text.
Summarizing is an important skill because it helps you…….
ü
deepen your understanding of the text;
ü
Learn to identify relevant information or key ideas;
ü
Combine details or examples that support the main ideas/s;
ü
Concentrate on the gist or main idea and key words presented in the text;
and
ü
Capture the key ideas in the text and put them together clearly and
concisely.
7. What is not summarizing
•
You are summarizing when you……
Ø
write down everything;
Ø
write down ideas from the text word-for-word;
Ø
write down incoherent and irrelevant ideas;
Ø
write down ideas that are not stated in the text; or
Ø
write down a summary that has the same length
or is longer than the original text.
8. Guidelines in summarizing
1. Clarify your purpose before you read.
2. Read the text and understand the meaning. Do not stop reading until you
understand the message conveyed by the author. Locate the gist or main idea of
the text, which can usually be found either at the beginning, in the middle, or in
the end.
3. Select and underline or circle the key ideas and phrases while reading; another
strategy is to annotate the text.
4. Write all the key ideas and phrases you identified on the margins or on your
notebook in a bullet or an outline form.
5. Without looking at the text, identify the connections of these key ideas and
phrases using a concept maps, graphic organizers or thinking maps.
6. List your ideas in sentences into a paragraph. Use appropriate transitional devices
to improve cohesion.
7. Combine the sentences into a paragraph. Use appropriate transitional devices to
improve cohesion.
9. 8. Ensure that do not copy a single sentence from
the original text.
9.Refrain from adding comments about the text.
Stick to the ideas it presents.
10.Edit the draft of your summary by eliminating
redundant ideas.
11.Compare your output with the original text to
ensure accuracy.
12.Record the details of the original source
(author’s name/s, date of publication, title,
publisher, place of publishing, and URL [if online]). It
10. Formats in summarizing
•
There are three (3) formats that you may use in writing summaries
are idea heading, author heading, and date heading.
1. Idea Heading Format
In this format, the summarized idea comes before the citation.
Example:
Benchmarking is a useful strategy that has the potential to help
public officials improve the performance of local services
(Folz,2004; Ammons,2001). Once the practice of a particular city is
benchmarked, it can be a guidepost and the basis for the other
counterparts to improve its own.
11. 2.Author heading format
In this format, the summarized idea comes after the citation. The author’s name/s
is/are connected by an appropriate reporting verb.
Example:
The considerable number of users of FB has led educators to utilize FB for
communicating with their students(Grant, 2008; as cited in Donmus, 2010).
The study of Kabilan and Abidin (2010) shows that the students perceived FB
as an online environment to expedite language learning specifically English.
Donmus (2010) asserts that educational games on FB fecundate learning
process and make students’ learning environment more engaging. As
regards literacy, this notion reveals that FB could be used s a tool to aid
individuals execute a range of social acts through social literacy
implementation (ibid). Blackstone and Hardwood (2012) suggest the
facilitative strength of FB as it elicits greater achievement on collaboration
among students.
12. 3. Date Heading Format
In this format, the summarized idea comes after the date when the
material was published.
Example:
On the other hand, active participation of the citizens in
development contributes to a sound and reasonable government
decisions. In their 2004 study on the impact of participatory
development approach, Irvin and Stansbury argue that
participation can be valuable to the participants and the
government in terms of the process and outcomes of decision
making.
13. Using reporting verbs when summarizing
A reporting verb is a word used to discuss another person’s writings or
assertions. They are generally used to incorporate the source to the discussion
in the text. To illustrate, see the sample text below. The reporting verbs are
italicized.
Having a syntactically correct sentence is not enough to create meaning. As
Noam Chomsky pointed out, a sentence can be perfect in terms of syntax and
still not make sense. He showed this by coming up with the famous sentence,
“Colorless green ideas sleep furiously” (Chomsky, 1957).
In summarizing, you are highly encouraged to vary the verbs you use to make
your writing more interesting and to show importance to each of your sources.
You can use either the past or the present tense depending on your meaning.
Using the past tense usually indicates that view the idea to be outdated and
therefore want to negate it. On the other hand, using the present tense
generally indicates that you view the idea to be relevant or agreeable.
14. Hyland (1999) lists a frequency of reporting verbs
used according to discipline.
Discipline Reporting Verbs from left to right, most common to least common
Biology Describe Find Report Show Suggest Observe
Marketing Suggest Argue Find Demonstrate Propose Show
Linguistics Suggest Argue Show Explain Find Point Out
Sociology Argue Suggest Describe Note Analyze Discuss
Philosophy Say Suggest Argue Claim Point out Hold Think
Overall Suggest Argue Find Show Describe Propose Report
15. Checking for Understanding
Write S if the statement describes good summarizing and N if not.
1. Sean copied everything from the book.
2. Tomas extracted the key ideas in the text.
3. Red concentrated on the important details.
4. Anita looked for key words and phrases.
5. Sen simplified ideas.
6. Kai revised the main idea.
7. To add more information, Alexa added her analysis and comments to the ideas of
the author.
8. Mary wrote down the general and specific ideas of the text.
9. Sean added some of his related research to the information presented in the text.
10. Lanie extended the message of the text and included some of her interpretations.
17. GROUP ACTIVITY
•
Look and go to this link: http://www.gov.ph/report/sona-technical/. Select
one technical report, and answer the questions in the table below.
Questions Answers
What are the key ideas or information? Identify
at least three.
What are the important details that support
each key idea or information?
Using you answers, write a summary of the
technical report on a separate sheet of paper.
18. Individually, find one academic text related to your interest. Then, follow the guidelines and summarize the text. Then,
find a partner and exchange summaries and original texts. Read both and then evaluate your partner’s summary
using the rubric below.
Rubric for Evaluating a Summary
Criteria VGE
(5)
GE
(4)
SE
(3)
LE
(2)
N
(1)
The summary accurately reflects the message of the original text.
The summary reworded the key ideas in the original text without
compromising the accuracy or content.
The summary incorporates only the key ideas.
The summary does not contain any personal comments or opinions.
The summary cites sources properly.
The summary is shorter than the original text.
The summary uses appropriate reporting verbs.
The summary uses different heading formats.
The summary has smooth transitions.
The summary is free from grammatical errors.
TOTAL
Legend: VGE- To a very great extent; GE- To a great extent; SE- To some
19. Film showing
“ The Dirty Minds”
•
Write a summary of its plot about the movie. Make sure to follow the format
below:
•
Times New Roman, 12
•
1.5 Spacing
•
1” margin on all sides
•
Short bond paper
20. E-Link
Hone your skills in summarizing by checking the
following websites.
Place the following activities in a clear folder.
1.Summarizing Activities
Ø
http://www.ereadingworksheets.com/free-reading-worksheets/reading-comprehensio
2.Summarizing Exercises
Ø
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0070780412/student_view0/summarizing_exer
3.Summarizing Exercises
Ø
http://www.uefap.com/reading/exercise/menu_nt.htm
4.Skills Practice: Summarizing
Ø
http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/09/27/skills-practice-summarizing-an
-article/?_r=0
21. Let’s reflect
Reflect on the learning that you gained after taking
up this lesson by completing the given chart below.
What were your misconceptions about the topic
prior to taking up this lesson?
What new or additional learning have you had
after taking up this lesson in terms of skills, content,
ad attitude?
I thought……. I learned that….