Considering the huge demand of a high yielding spinach variety in the market; ‘Sufola palong’- an improved quality spinach variety has been developed at BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre through selection. It is a very fast growing high yielding spinach variety and fresh spinach can be harvested within 36-37 DAS. This high quality spinach has high vigour, broad thicker soft tastier leaves with nice flavour and also has a very good uniformity rate. Since the yield of this improved quality spinach is much higher than the traditional variety (20-22 Mt/ha) and seed production performance of the newly developed spinach variety is excellent Bangladeshi vegetable growers are now cultivating ‘Sufola palong’ regularly with good enthusiasm and earning a huge profit by growing this novel variety. This high yielding spinach variety can also be grown in the summer season. Besides normal harvesting, its leaves can be harvested sequentially following cut-and-come-again method and its high quality leaves can be harvested 3-4 times from the same plot from one time sowing of seeds in the early part of the season. Good quality seeds can also be harvested from these excised plants if these regrown plants are allowed to maintain after bolting. #For more information please follow the link of my you tube video on spinach: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MF3_V5Cf8JY&t=79s #and more videos on spinach: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwAAeCJDHxg&t=9s
Considering the huge demand of a high yielding spinach variety in the market; ‘Sufola palong’- an improved quality spinach variety has been developed at BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre through selection. It is a very fast growing high yielding spinach variety and fresh spinach can be harvested within 36-37 DAS. This high quality spinach has high vigour, broad thicker soft tastier leaves with nice flavour and also has a very good uniformity rate. Since the yield of this improved quality spinach is much higher than the traditional variety (20-22 Mt/ha) and seed production performance of the newly developed spinach variety is excellent Bangladeshi vegetable growers are now cultivating ‘Sufola palong’ regularly with good enthusiasm and earning a huge profit by growing this novel variety. This high yielding spinach variety can also be grown in the summer season. Besides normal harvesting, its leaves can be harvested sequentially following cut-and-come-again method and its high quality leaves can be harvested 3-4 times from the same plot from one time sowing of seeds in the early part of the season. Good quality seeds can also be harvested from these excised plants if these regrown plants are allowed to maintain after bolting. # To enjoy my you tube video on spinach please follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwAAeCJDHxg&t=9s
Considering the huge demand of a high yielding spinach variety in the market; ‘Sufola palong’- an improved quality spinach variety has been developed at BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre through selection. It is a very fast growing high yielding spinach variety and fresh spinach can be harvested within 36-37 DAS. This high quality spinach has high vigour, broad thicker soft tastier leaves with nice flavour and also has a very good uniformity rate. Since the yield of this improved quality spinach is much higher than the traditional variety (20-22 Mt/ha) and seed production performance of the newly developed spinach variety is excellent Bangladeshi vegetable growers are now cultivating ‘Sufola palong’ regularly with good enthusiasm and earning a huge profit by growing this novel variety. This high yielding spinach variety can also be grown in the summer season. Besides normal harvesting, its leaves can be harvested sequentially following cut-and-come-again method and its high quality leaves can be harvested 3-4 times from the same plot from one time sowing of seeds in the early part of the season. Good quality seeds can also be harvested from these excised plants if these regrown plants are allowed to maintain after bolting. #Please my you tube video on research on spinach at BARDC following the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MF3_V5Cf8JY&t=79s #and another video on spinach harvesting from balcony garden following Cut-and-come-again practice: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gh7bZRd74y0&t=136s
For the past ten years BRAC scientists have developed a good no. of varieties in several horticultural crops and a few technologies have also been generated in its research centre (BARDC) a brief summary of which has been presented under the title. #suggested link of my you tube video on commercial cultivation of hybrid pumpkin:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pa-EtqcuBMc&t=10s
Yardlong bean is a very common delicious legume vegetable grown in Bangladesh both for domestic consumption and for the exporting of vegetable items to the foreign super markets. Since it can be grown in our country almost throughout the year- this popular vegetable has enormous importance within the country and in the upstream markets as well. A pink coloured yardlong bean variety ‘Shova’ has been developed in BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre through hybridization between an exotic variety and local yardlong bean varieties. This pink coloured yardlong bean variety is an almost year-round variety and its yield in the actual growing season has been recorded as 10-11 Mt/ha. Its anthocyanin rich pink coloured tender fruits are 45-46 cm long and individual pod wt. is around 34-35gm. Good uniformity in its pod size and shape was observed and this yard long variety was found to be tolerant to major disease and insect attacks as well. Unlike green type yardlong bean varieties its plot looks very beautiful at the fruiting stage due to its huge no. of attractive pink coloured fruits. Owing to its decorative pod colour, pink coloured yardlong bean variety increases sales rate of traditional type green fruited yardlong beans when these pink colored fruits are inserted into the bunch of green fruited beans. Its thicker fleshy fruits are non-fibrous and has good taste. Consumption of pink coloured yardlong bean along with the green type ensures more nutrition to the cooked food items of yardlong bean. #To enjoy my you tube video on extra early season cucumber cultivation in Bangladesh please follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9T5kHpjhe0
An improved type good quality kangkong advance line ‘Red stem kangkong’ has been developed at BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre (BARDC) through the hybridization between an exotic white flowered kangkong variety (Philippino variety) and a local light purple flowered variety. This improved variety is characterized by excellent vigour, faster growth, reddish stem, good spreading, higher rate of sprout production after each harvesting, light purple coloured flower, tolerant to major diseases, good adaptability and higher production of fresh vegetable & seed yield. Its fresh vegetable production has been recorded as 11-12 Mt/acre in the monsoon season. Its seed production is also profitable as 400 – 450 kg/acre of good quality seeds can be obtained and high percentage of seed germination can be ensured during the cultivation of this new kangkong variety. Due to its nice flavour, good taste and ‘Deshi’ (traditional type) type appearance, it created a good market demand in the leafy vegetable market. Its roof top or balcony cultivation is also easy and cultivating this ‘Red stem kangkong’ variety in balcony dual purpose can be served i.e. safe fresh vegetable can be consumed regularly and side by side its aesthetic beauty can be enjoyed like an ornamental plant.
#Suggested my you tube video link on growing kankong in balcony as ornamental plant: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbqpDc2iGMk
#Another link of my you tube video on the cultivation of newly developed kang kong variety: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGsLyesBPBs&t=106s
Bangladesh has a very good agroclimatic condition suitable for growing different vegetable crops. Its people are fond of vegetables as well. Normally in male dominated society of Bangladesh men are involved in the production of fresh vegetables and their seeds while women are involved in the post harvest operations. But situations are changing very fast and now women are becoming more and more involved in the other type of activities besides their traditional type of household works. vegetable gardening in the homestead areas is one of them. To operate home garden availability of good quality seeds is an important step. And if women become involve in the production of vegetable seeds it will be easier to collect vegetable seeds for ladies from the women entrepreneurs.Therefore, in this particular presentation different aspect of the importance of women entrepreneurship in the small scale vegetable seed production has been discussed. #suggested my you tube video link of bottle gourd cultivation in balcony: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K1licWC0a2M&t=4s #and spinach cultivation in balcony: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwAAeCJDHxg&t=9s
Origin, Distribution, Botanical description, Cytogenetics, Genetic resources, Climate and soil, Propagation, Manures and fertilizers, Irrigation, Interculture, Use of PGR, Plant protection, Harvesting, Yield and Storage of Spine gourd
Considering the huge demand of a high yielding spinach variety in the market; ‘Sufola palong’- an improved quality spinach variety has been developed at BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre through selection. It is a very fast growing high yielding spinach variety and fresh spinach can be harvested within 36-37 DAS. This high quality spinach has high vigour, broad thicker soft tastier leaves with nice flavour and also has a very good uniformity rate. Since the yield of this improved quality spinach is much higher than the traditional variety (20-22 Mt/ha) and seed production performance of the newly developed spinach variety is excellent Bangladeshi vegetable growers are now cultivating ‘Sufola palong’ regularly with good enthusiasm and earning a huge profit by growing this novel variety. This high yielding spinach variety can also be grown in the summer season. Besides normal harvesting, its leaves can be harvested sequentially following cut-and-come-again method and its high quality leaves can be harvested 3-4 times from the same plot from one time sowing of seeds in the early part of the season. Good quality seeds can also be harvested from these excised plants if these regrown plants are allowed to maintain after bolting. # To enjoy my you tube video on spinach please follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwAAeCJDHxg&t=9s
Considering the huge demand of a high yielding spinach variety in the market; ‘Sufola palong’- an improved quality spinach variety has been developed at BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre through selection. It is a very fast growing high yielding spinach variety and fresh spinach can be harvested within 36-37 DAS. This high quality spinach has high vigour, broad thicker soft tastier leaves with nice flavour and also has a very good uniformity rate. Since the yield of this improved quality spinach is much higher than the traditional variety (20-22 Mt/ha) and seed production performance of the newly developed spinach variety is excellent Bangladeshi vegetable growers are now cultivating ‘Sufola palong’ regularly with good enthusiasm and earning a huge profit by growing this novel variety. This high yielding spinach variety can also be grown in the summer season. Besides normal harvesting, its leaves can be harvested sequentially following cut-and-come-again method and its high quality leaves can be harvested 3-4 times from the same plot from one time sowing of seeds in the early part of the season. Good quality seeds can also be harvested from these excised plants if these regrown plants are allowed to maintain after bolting. #Please my you tube video on research on spinach at BARDC following the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MF3_V5Cf8JY&t=79s #and another video on spinach harvesting from balcony garden following Cut-and-come-again practice: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gh7bZRd74y0&t=136s
For the past ten years BRAC scientists have developed a good no. of varieties in several horticultural crops and a few technologies have also been generated in its research centre (BARDC) a brief summary of which has been presented under the title. #suggested link of my you tube video on commercial cultivation of hybrid pumpkin:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pa-EtqcuBMc&t=10s
Yardlong bean is a very common delicious legume vegetable grown in Bangladesh both for domestic consumption and for the exporting of vegetable items to the foreign super markets. Since it can be grown in our country almost throughout the year- this popular vegetable has enormous importance within the country and in the upstream markets as well. A pink coloured yardlong bean variety ‘Shova’ has been developed in BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre through hybridization between an exotic variety and local yardlong bean varieties. This pink coloured yardlong bean variety is an almost year-round variety and its yield in the actual growing season has been recorded as 10-11 Mt/ha. Its anthocyanin rich pink coloured tender fruits are 45-46 cm long and individual pod wt. is around 34-35gm. Good uniformity in its pod size and shape was observed and this yard long variety was found to be tolerant to major disease and insect attacks as well. Unlike green type yardlong bean varieties its plot looks very beautiful at the fruiting stage due to its huge no. of attractive pink coloured fruits. Owing to its decorative pod colour, pink coloured yardlong bean variety increases sales rate of traditional type green fruited yardlong beans when these pink colored fruits are inserted into the bunch of green fruited beans. Its thicker fleshy fruits are non-fibrous and has good taste. Consumption of pink coloured yardlong bean along with the green type ensures more nutrition to the cooked food items of yardlong bean. #To enjoy my you tube video on extra early season cucumber cultivation in Bangladesh please follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9T5kHpjhe0
An improved type good quality kangkong advance line ‘Red stem kangkong’ has been developed at BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre (BARDC) through the hybridization between an exotic white flowered kangkong variety (Philippino variety) and a local light purple flowered variety. This improved variety is characterized by excellent vigour, faster growth, reddish stem, good spreading, higher rate of sprout production after each harvesting, light purple coloured flower, tolerant to major diseases, good adaptability and higher production of fresh vegetable & seed yield. Its fresh vegetable production has been recorded as 11-12 Mt/acre in the monsoon season. Its seed production is also profitable as 400 – 450 kg/acre of good quality seeds can be obtained and high percentage of seed germination can be ensured during the cultivation of this new kangkong variety. Due to its nice flavour, good taste and ‘Deshi’ (traditional type) type appearance, it created a good market demand in the leafy vegetable market. Its roof top or balcony cultivation is also easy and cultivating this ‘Red stem kangkong’ variety in balcony dual purpose can be served i.e. safe fresh vegetable can be consumed regularly and side by side its aesthetic beauty can be enjoyed like an ornamental plant.
#Suggested my you tube video link on growing kankong in balcony as ornamental plant: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbqpDc2iGMk
#Another link of my you tube video on the cultivation of newly developed kang kong variety: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGsLyesBPBs&t=106s
Bangladesh has a very good agroclimatic condition suitable for growing different vegetable crops. Its people are fond of vegetables as well. Normally in male dominated society of Bangladesh men are involved in the production of fresh vegetables and their seeds while women are involved in the post harvest operations. But situations are changing very fast and now women are becoming more and more involved in the other type of activities besides their traditional type of household works. vegetable gardening in the homestead areas is one of them. To operate home garden availability of good quality seeds is an important step. And if women become involve in the production of vegetable seeds it will be easier to collect vegetable seeds for ladies from the women entrepreneurs.Therefore, in this particular presentation different aspect of the importance of women entrepreneurship in the small scale vegetable seed production has been discussed. #suggested my you tube video link of bottle gourd cultivation in balcony: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K1licWC0a2M&t=4s #and spinach cultivation in balcony: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwAAeCJDHxg&t=9s
Origin, Distribution, Botanical description, Cytogenetics, Genetic resources, Climate and soil, Propagation, Manures and fertilizers, Irrigation, Interculture, Use of PGR, Plant protection, Harvesting, Yield and Storage of Spine gourd
As a part of mung bean variety development programme, several local green seeded mung bean varieties were brought to BARDC (BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre) during the year 2000. These germplasms were evaluated accordingly, and 2 yellow seed bearing plants were isolated through selection and found to be distinctly different from the green seeded genetic stocks collected from Meherpur. One of them had larger golden yellow coloured grains and was given the name as YS-I while the other was YS-II having small sized yellow grains. Comprehensive screening and further evaluation of these two yellow seeded strains, YS-I was found to be a relatively determinate and short duration line while YS-II was identified as an indeterminate type line having longer crop duration. After several years of generation advancement through constant selfing YS-I was established as a promising early maturing yellow seeded short duration line. Following rigorous and continuous selection it was improved further and through multilocation adaptive trial this line was also found to be very promising. Field demonstration trials of YS-I also brought positive feedback since it matures earlier than other commercial varieties and it has a very good attractive golden colored seed besides its tolerance to cercospora leaf spot and MYMV (Mung bean Yellow Mosaic Virus) disease. Along with better eating quality proximate analysis revealed the fact that YS-I is a variety having low fat content compared to green seeded variety BARImung-5 & BINAmung-7. #suggested my youtube video link on yellow seeded mung bean:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwAeo_QHGRI&t=110s #Another video on mung bean: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3qS2hX0lxM&t=3s
Strawberry (Fragaria amanassa Duch) is cultivated throughout the world, but it grows well in a cold and moist climate. The North Eastern states provide ample opportunity for the successful cultivation of strawberry due to its mild and pleasant climatic conditions. The farmers of the region are not acutely aware of the economics for the cultivation of strawberry. Therefore, in this study attempts were made to provide the economic aspects of cultivation of strawberry. The five different cultivars grown on the farm located at Central Institute of Horticulture, Medziphema, Nagaland, and cost of production and net return were calculated. Among the all five cultivars only Winter Down gives the better remuneration.
Pumpkin belong to the family cucurbitaceae is an important vegetable grown widely in Bangladesh. Its fruits, vines, flowers as well as seeds are extensively consumed by the Bangladeshi people and this is why pumpkins are cultivated as commercial as well as home garden vegetables in every part of this country. Although it is believed that originally its fruits were not sweeter and tasty rather they were bitter in taste and a mutation in the early phase of its domestication has changed its bitter taste into present day’s pumpkin which is not only sweeter in taste but also tasty. In Bangladesh generally it is grown in the Rabi season as relatively shorter day length and moderate temperature is required to induce female flowering and high temperature inhibits the production of female flower. Even though pumpkins are usually cultivated commercially by constructing beds in the open field but trellis grown pumpkin or pumpkin grown on roof tops or on bigger trees are also common in the homestead areas of Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, it is also grown as intercrop and after potato harvesting sweet gourd cultivation is very common in the northern part of Bangladesh. At present, both open pollinated and hybrid pumpkin varieties are being cultivated by the Bangladeshi pumpkin growers but the price rate of F1 hybrid is much higher than the open pollinated varieties and seeds of the hybrid varieties cannot be utilized for pumpkin cultivation in the successive years. Considering the importance of pumpkins in Bangladesh as well as its demand in other countries BRAC started a pumpkin variety development program during the year 2000 and so far one open pollinated variety of pumpkin has been released for commercial cultivation by BRAC Agricultural Research and Development Centre. And the history of the newly developed open pollinated variety ”Barmashi” has been elaborated in this communication. #To enjoy my you tube video on hybrid pumpkin cultivation please follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pa-EtqcuBMc&t=10s
Origin, Distribution, Botanical description, Cytogenetics, Genetic resources, Climate and soil, Propagation, Manures and fertilizers, Irrigation, Interculture, Use of PGR, Plant protection, Harvesting, Yield and Storage of Sponge gourd
As a part of mung bean variety development programme, several local green seeded mung bean varieties were brought to BARDC (BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre) during the year 2000. These germplasms were evaluated accordingly, and 2 yellow seed bearing plants were isolated through selection and found to be distinctly different from the green seeded genetic stocks collected from Meherpur. One of them had larger golden yellow coloured grains and was given the name as YS-I while the other was YS-II having small sized yellow grains. Comprehensive screening and further evaluation of these two yellow seeded strains, YS-I was found to be a relatively determinate and short duration line while YS-II was identified as an indeterminate type line having longer crop duration. After several years of generation advancement through constant selfing YS-I was established as a promising early maturing yellow seeded short duration line. Following rigorous and continuous selection it was improved further and through multilocation adaptive trial this line was also found to be very promising. Field demonstration trials of YS-I also brought positive feedback since it matures earlier than other commercial varieties and it has a very good attractive golden colored seed besides its tolerance to cercospora leaf spot and MYMV (Mung bean Yellow Mosaic Virus) disease. Along with better eating quality proximate analysis revealed the fact that YS-I is a variety having low fat content compared to green seeded variety BARImung-5 & BINAmung-7. #suggested my youtube video link on yellow seeded mung bean:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwAeo_QHGRI&t=110s #Another video on mung bean: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3qS2hX0lxM&t=3s
Strawberry (Fragaria amanassa Duch) is cultivated throughout the world, but it grows well in a cold and moist climate. The North Eastern states provide ample opportunity for the successful cultivation of strawberry due to its mild and pleasant climatic conditions. The farmers of the region are not acutely aware of the economics for the cultivation of strawberry. Therefore, in this study attempts were made to provide the economic aspects of cultivation of strawberry. The five different cultivars grown on the farm located at Central Institute of Horticulture, Medziphema, Nagaland, and cost of production and net return were calculated. Among the all five cultivars only Winter Down gives the better remuneration.
Pumpkin belong to the family cucurbitaceae is an important vegetable grown widely in Bangladesh. Its fruits, vines, flowers as well as seeds are extensively consumed by the Bangladeshi people and this is why pumpkins are cultivated as commercial as well as home garden vegetables in every part of this country. Although it is believed that originally its fruits were not sweeter and tasty rather they were bitter in taste and a mutation in the early phase of its domestication has changed its bitter taste into present day’s pumpkin which is not only sweeter in taste but also tasty. In Bangladesh generally it is grown in the Rabi season as relatively shorter day length and moderate temperature is required to induce female flowering and high temperature inhibits the production of female flower. Even though pumpkins are usually cultivated commercially by constructing beds in the open field but trellis grown pumpkin or pumpkin grown on roof tops or on bigger trees are also common in the homestead areas of Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, it is also grown as intercrop and after potato harvesting sweet gourd cultivation is very common in the northern part of Bangladesh. At present, both open pollinated and hybrid pumpkin varieties are being cultivated by the Bangladeshi pumpkin growers but the price rate of F1 hybrid is much higher than the open pollinated varieties and seeds of the hybrid varieties cannot be utilized for pumpkin cultivation in the successive years. Considering the importance of pumpkins in Bangladesh as well as its demand in other countries BRAC started a pumpkin variety development program during the year 2000 and so far one open pollinated variety of pumpkin has been released for commercial cultivation by BRAC Agricultural Research and Development Centre. And the history of the newly developed open pollinated variety ”Barmashi” has been elaborated in this communication. #To enjoy my you tube video on hybrid pumpkin cultivation please follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pa-EtqcuBMc&t=10s
Origin, Distribution, Botanical description, Cytogenetics, Genetic resources, Climate and soil, Propagation, Manures and fertilizers, Irrigation, Interculture, Use of PGR, Plant protection, Harvesting, Yield and Storage of Sponge gourd
Considering the importance of radish as a short duration vegetable crop and its wider use in the form of salad and other types of cooked food item BRAC- one of the largest Non Governmental Organization (NGO) in the world began its research activities on radish near about two decades ago in its own R&D centre and so far released two open pollinated and one hybrid radish varieties for commercial cultivation. ‘Sufola 40’ and ‘China 35’ are open pollinated varieties while ‘White Star’ is a hybrid variety. Besides these seasonal type of radish varieties BRAC scientists are also working on the development of off season type of radish variety and one promising summer radish advance line has been developed. Research work on ‘Shakmula’, ‘Green radish’ and ‘Bicoloured radish’ is also going on to create new market demand among the consumers and promote different kinds of radish cultivation in Bangladesh throughout the year. #Suggested my you tube videolink on similar crop sweet cultivation in the balcony:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=viG7Qu1-10A&t=10s
Onion is an important field crop and it is widely cultivated as a spice crop in Bangladesh. The major onion growing districts in Bangladesh are Rajshahi, Faridpur, Pabna, Meherpur, Kushtia, Magura, Bogura, Rangpur, Thakurgaon, Dinajpur, Jamalpur etc. Although different types of improved onion varieties are cultivated here in this country but the two popular local varieties namely ‘Taherpuri’ and ‘Faridpuri’ have good market demand in the market due to their good bulb shape, size, taste, flavour, pungency and storability. However, no improvement of these 2 varieties have been done so far as a result the yield of these 2 local varieties is poor and the bulb quality has been deteriorated significantly. Among these 2 popular varieties, in an effort to improve the variety ‘Taherpuri’; bulb samples of local ‘Taherpuri’ variety were collected and after following a series of breeding steps finally the improvement of the local stock has been made at BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre. It has been released as ‘Improved Taherpuri’ onion variety which is characterized by excellent plant vigour, good uniformity rate, larger bulb size having good taste and storability. Its yield has been recorded as 10-12 Mt/acre with better bulb shape, size, bulb wt. (bulb wt. 40-45gm) and good bulb quality as well. Desirable quantity of good quality seeds was also obtained from the newly developed improved variety. #To enjoy my you tube video on onion seed production please follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGbLuxvsVT4&t=98s
Pumpkin is a very popular vegetable crop grown widely in Bagladesh.It is grown both as commercial vegetable as well as home garden vegetable.Although it is normally cultivated by preparing beds but trellis cultivation and roof top cultivation of pumpkin is also common in Bangladesh. As pumpkin can be stored for 4 to 5 months easily and can be sold at higher price during the off season, local people have also established common store house for preserving pumpkin at few places of Bangladesh. Since during the harvesting period market glut situations occur this is why the pumpkin growers usually preserve their produces in the commonn store house and sell them when the price of pumpkins become higher. Being a very productive and nutritious crop and has storing advantage huge quantity of pumpkins are cultivated in Bagladesh every year.Considering the importance of pumpkin BRAC started a pumpkin variety development program at BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre, Gazipur and an Open Pollinated variety 'Baromashi' has been released for commercial production very recently. This pumpkin variety is performing very well within the country and in the African soil as well. #Suggested my you tube video link of hybrid pumpkin cultivation:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pa-EtqcuBMc&t=10s
A good quality pechay (Batishak) has been developed at BRAC Agricultural Research and Development Centre (BARDC) to meet the increasing demand of fast growing leafy vegetables in the vegetable market of Bangladesh performing conventional breeding method introduction followed by reselection method. Compared to check varieties this newly developed pechay variety (commercial name Sufola Batishak) gave higher yield, exhibited late in flowering and it was found to be tolerant to major diseases & pests as well. This new pechay variety is also a year round variety and besides its open field cultivation it gave a very good yield when cultivated under polythene tunnel in the rainy season during the crisis period of vegetables. At BARDC, satisfactory production of the new pechay variety was also noticed following cut-and-come-again method. Due to the better performance of newly developed pechay line at the farmer’s level it was released by the BRAC Seed Enterprise Division giving the commercial name as ‘Sufola Batishak’. Its fresh vegetable production has been recorded as 25-30 Mt/ha. Since at the growers level a very good seed production performance of this ‘Sufola Batishak’ was found in Bangladeshi agro-climatic condition this pechay variety was found to be a profitable vegetable for seed business and sustainable batishak cultivation as well in this country. # To enjoy my you tube video on red spinach please follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kijF78rwhaY&t=57s
Characteristics of new improved type varieties including some uncommon varieties such as red okra, red spinach, yellow seeded mung bean, pink coloured yardlong bean, summer type country bean has been described in this presentation. #suggested my you tube video link on kangkong: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbqpDc2iGMk&t=46s and video link of red spinach: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kijF78rwhaY&t=52s
Agriculture is the backbone of the economy of Bangladesh and very recent successful operation of regular sustainable commercial vegetable cultivation of its horticulture division has given a new dimension to the Agriculture Sector in strengthening economy of this country. Considering the importance of horticultural crops in shaping the country’s socio-economic as well as cultural status, poverty eradication and ensuring nutritional security BRAC intervened into this horticultural sector of Bangladesh and started its vegetable seed distribution program to its beneficiaries after independence during the year 1972 to engage more people particularly the women into this vital sector. Gradually BRAC started vegetable seed production program and to provide support to the vegetable sector BRAC launched its variety development program in its own research and development center BARDC (BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre). Along with other advantages which favours seed trading, since vegetable seed business is a round the year trade and the high priced vegetable seed usually occupy relatively smaller area during storage it also facilitate seed industry development in the country and BRAC also gave importance to the vegetable sector to involve itself in the seed business. As an NGO, undeniably it may be argued that it is quite ridiculous that BRAC has established a research section for the improvement of horticultural crops but it is interesting to note that through this research activities BRAC has played a very vital role not only in producing best quality vegetable seed within the country but also played a significant role in promoting and popularizing vegetable cultivation in Bangladesh. Besides absorbing a good no. of agriculturalists, botanists and other skilled persons in its agriculture sector every year BRAC is also helping to control the unemployment problem of Bangladesh as well.
# To enjoy my you tube video on red spinach please follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kijF78rwhaY&t=57s
Ash gourd is a very popular vegetable in Bangladesh but considering other type of gourds very few commercial hybrid ash gourds are available in the seed market of Bangladesh therefore an attempt was made to develop a suitable F1 hybrid for the vegetable growers of Bangladesh at BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre (BARDC) using its active germplasms. After systematic collecting and evaluating germplasms suitable promising inbreds were selected based on their desirable characteristic features. These probable parents were crossed reciprocally and the F1 hybrid of Dinajpur X BARDC was found to be suitable as this hybrid exhibited good vigour with excellent vine spreading habit and produced high degree of femaleness with good fruit setting performance. Its fruits were oblong type with good shape & size and the quality of marketable size young fruits were very attractive. Compared to check variety this hybrid was found to be tolerant to mosaic virus disease and its yield was also found to be satisfactory as its yield was recorded 94.44 % higher than the check variety ‘Jupiter’. Taste of its marketable size young fruits were very good and had relatively small quantity of seeds in its fruit. #To enjoy my video on pumpkin please follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pa-EtqcuBMc&t=10s
by Marco Felix Valdez
April 7, 2019
The purpose of this variety trial is to provide measurement by collecting data of the different varieties of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in terms of growth performance, provided with minimum management practices.
In a Bengali proverb there is a wise saying 'Age dorshon dhari pore gun bichari' (i.e. to be nice to look at first and then make a judgement on its quality). Based on the proverb, a few colourful vegetable varieties have been developed at BARDC (BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre), Gazipur, Bangladesh. Coloured vegetables plays a very important role when these vegetables are included in our regular diet. These colourful vegetables not only have the decorative value but also have the nutritional value as well. In Bangladesh red okra, red spinach, white pumpkin, purple hot pepper, red yard long bean has been developed at BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre and preliminary investigation revealed that these vegetables have increased level of anthocyanin, carotene, iron, sulphur etc. However, more research is needed before releasing them into the market. #Suggested link of my you tube video on colourful vegetable variety development:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kijF78rwhaY&t=52s
Seed Production in Turnip (CSK HPKV) by: RAJPREET BAJWAStudent
CONTENT :
Introduction
Varieties
Climate & Soil
Sowing method
Seed rate & Spacing
Irrigation
Interculture and weeding
Isolation
Method of seed production
Harvesting and seed yield
Special care
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important spice crop of Bangladesh. It is cultivated usually in the winter season. Its cultivation is also easy and require less investment and labour. Although there are a good number of varieties available in Bangladesh, keeping quality of these varieties is not better than a traditional variety ' Taherpuri'. Hence, variety improvement program of 'Taherpuri' was launched at BARDC few years back and an "Improved Taherpuri" onion variety has been delveoped very recently by the BRAC scientists which have excellent size, shape, colour, taste and good storage quality. #suggested link of my you tube video on onion seed production: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGbLuxvsVT4&t=98s
BRAC is one of the largest NGO of Bangladesh and no. one NGO (Non Governmental Organization) in the world started its agricultural research activities on vegetables during the year 2000 in its own premises of BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre (BARDC), Gazipur. However, during the year 2013-14 began to work with internationally reputed World Vegetable Centre (AVRDC) and a very significant achievement has been made through the joint collaboration of BRAC & AVRDC in the vegetable sector. The summary of the outcome has been shown through this presentation. #To enjoy my you tube video on summer tomato cultivation please follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_UydD6LGO8&t=14s #and also another video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UddTDTzIV6M&t=8s
There is a popular saying in Bangladesh ’Sali Dhaner Chira ar Binny Dhaner Khoi ‘ (flattened rice of ‘Sali Dhan’ & puffed rice of ‘Binny Dhan’). Actually those days are gone by when there was a golden period of ‘Binny Dhaner Khoi’ in the rural Bengal and ‘Binny Dhaner Khoi’ is now very rare in Bangladesh. But an effort was made to cultivate ‘Binny Dhan’ in this year during the Amon season and home made puffed rice of ‘Binny dhan’ has been prepared from the cultivated rice. Very good quality ‘Binny Dhaner Khoi‘was obtained from this scented special type of rice as its taste is delicious and has fine aroma. Although the yield was relatively lower as the crop suffered from lodging but this variety is a unique for making nice quality ‘Khoi’ (puffed rice) which are very much suitable for eating after fasting and for those people who wants to control diet. Moreover, for the elderly people and for children it is a unique type of snacks. Besides ‘Binny Dhaner Khoi‘ is also a very good item used and solde in different festivals. But research effort is needed to make it a high yielding and good quality variety as now a days there is a very good demand of ‘Binny Dhaner Khoi ‘in the super shops of major cities of Bangladesh as well. # To enjoy my you tube video on scented rice variety ' Tulshi mala' please follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wOiU8V8W6Rw
# To enjoy more videos on rice follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JaT3UVfJ8rI
#And to enjoy my you tube video on wheat cultivation in Bangladesh follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2nw5xEoRBc&t=3s
The great leader having versatile personality, philanthropist,friends of the poor & distressed people Sir Fazle Hasan Abed founded BRAC (the no. 1 of the world) during the year 1972 which was initially operating the rehabilitation program of the distressed & helpless people who returned to Bangladesh from India after the liberation war of Bangladesh. Gradually he involved himself in the activities of different socioeconomic development sectors of Bangladesh and other foreign countries like, education, agriculture, health nutrition and population program, microfinance,social enterprises, activities related to empowerment of the women and eradication of the hunger & poverty to contribute more to the society & serve for the humanity. He also founded BRAC university & BRAC bank to improve the standard of education and banking sector of Bangladesh as well.Through his greater vision and farsightedness he also founded an agricultural research & development centre at Gazipur for the development of agriculture sector of Bangladesh and improvement of the livelihood standard of the marginal and poor farmers. For his greater contribution to the society he received a good no. of domestic & international prizes and honors (Knight, World food prize etc.) which made him a great international figure as well. In this article some sweet memories of his presence in BRAC Agriculture Research & Development (BARDC) has been presented briefly. #To enjoy my you tube video on 'BRAC Town' please follow the link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=70QrL3xz88I
Bangladesh has diversified agro-climatic conditions; on the other hand crop varieties require suitable edaphic and climatic conditions to exhibit their actual performance. Therefore, Product Development Support Section of BRAC Seed & Agro Enterprise is playing a vital role in selecting demand-led crop varieties or market oriented products which facilitating sales & marketing of new varieties or products to the farmers of Bangladesh. Each and every year new varieties/ products are being evaluated under this PDS program and are being recommended to the Sales & Marketing Division. In this presentation important observational findings of the year 2018-19 has been presented and the Action Plan for the year 2019-20 has been shown in a brief manner. #To enjoy my video on sunflower trial please follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEGiBEC4okY&t=56s
Watermelon cultivation in Bangladesh has gained momentum significantly in Bangladesh for the last 2-3 decades particularly with the introduction of hybrid varieties as farmers are getting more profit by cultivating these improved varieties. Not only these hybrid varieties are ensuring better production, these varieties are producing high quality fruits having bigger size, excellent colour, and more sweet & have crispy flesh with fewer seeds. With the increasing demand in the country, watermelons are now being cultivated in Bangladesh in the off season too and besides normal cultivation watermelons are now being cultivated on trellis as well. To popularize watermelon cultivation, BRAC started research on watermelon during the year 2002-2003. So far BRAC has released 6 improved varieties for commercial cultivation. And during the last year i.e. in the year 2018-19 BRAC has sold 130 kg of watermelon seeds of those varieties to the growers. It can be mentioned here that these BRAC varieties are very popular among the growers and also to the consumers. In this presentation a brief idea on BRAC Watermelon Research has been described. #To enjoy my you tube video on watermelon please follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vw2m0OrLP2g
A variety screening trial of 5 BARI released high yielding potato varieties viz., BARI Alu-36, 37,40, 62 & 63 was conducted in 5 locations (Joypurhat, Sherpur, Mohonpur & Tanore) respectively in the last rabi season of 2018-19. Among the 5 varieties BARI Alu 62 was found to be suitable for the growers, seed dealers, local consumers and also traders due to its higher yield, nice appearance, good cooking quality, prolonged dormancy and its suitability for exporting potatoes. BARI Alu-63 was also found to be a good variety due to its higher yield, nice appearance and good taste as well. Hence it was recommended for the consumption as table potato. Due to early bulking and higher no. of tubers per plant of BARI Alu-40; this variety was recommended for early potato harvesters who want to catch early potato market. All the potato varieties were found to be relatively tolerant to major disease and insect attack too. #To enjoy my you tube video on BARI potato variety please follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbrObWrA2TE
In Bangladesh maize has become a very popular cash crop in recent times and most of the maize seeds are utilized in the feed mills to produce poultry or fish feed. It is interesting to note that BRAC played a vital role in popularizing maize cultivation in Bangladesh. A major hindrance faced by the Bangladeshi farmers at the early phase of commercial maize cultivation is that they could not find markets to sell their produce. Therefore, initially set up BRAC Poultry Feed Mill where huge volume of maize seeds were required to produce poultry feed and thus a lucrative market for maize growers was created. BRAC also distributed maize seeds as relief material to promote maize cultivation and it has so far released 5 good quality hybrid maize with the help of national and international research institutes. As a part of maize research and strengthening maize sector in Bangladesh BRAC conducted on farm demonstration trial of HTMA 19 (Heat Tolerant Maize for Asian Countries) and white maize ( BARI Hybrid-12 & BARI Hybrid-13) this year and found both HTMA-19 as well as white maize BARI Hybrid-13 as promising varieties. The stress tolerant varieties HTMA-19 gave 8.57 Mt/ha yield while white maize variety BARI Hybrid-13 produced 7.21 Mt grains per hectare. The maize growers liked both the varieties; HTMA-19 for feed purpose and the white maize variety BARI Hybrid-13 for human consumption. And advance line of white maize ARS 3322 developed by BRAC was also evaluated. #Please enjoy my you tube video on maize cultivation after potato harvesting following the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVUP8r8t294
Bangladesh is famous for its super natural beauties and also for its diverse types of seasonal fruits and vegetables grown in different parts of the country. As it is situated in the sub tropical region and in between the great Himalayan Mountain and the Bay of Bengal its typical agro climatic condition and plain fertile soil is favorable for growing various kinds of fruits including the delicious juicy fruit watermelon. During the dry Bengali months of 'Chaitra' & 'Baishakh' (March–April) when everybody feel uneasy due to hot sunny days and excessive dry weather then this watermelon fruits give a big relief to the Bangladeshi people as the watermelon fruits become available during this period. And its mesmerizing taste as well as juicy red colored flesh quenches the thirst of its people by giving a huge satisfaction. Actually, these high quality watermelons usually comes from different parts of the country viz., Golachipa, Patuakhali, Amtoli, Char fashion, Rangabali, Bhola, Gurudash pur, Santhia, Panchagarh, Chokoria, Teknaph etc. Watermelons in Bangladesh are generally cultivated during the Rabi Season (October-January) and cultivation of watermelon in the summer season is very rare . However, the coverage of the summer season watermelon cultivation in Bangladesh is expanding day by day. Therefore a suitable watermelon cultivation technique for the summer season is the need of the hour and this article has been prepared to meet the demand. # To enjoy my you tube video on the performance super early watermelon variety in Sunamganj please follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vw2m0OrLP2g #and another video on mango cultivation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MIcxvIM-tA&t=79s
Two exotic hybrid rice varieties BB 01/18 & BB 02/18 were evaluated in the last Amon season i.e. in the Amon season of 2018 in 8 territories of Bangladesh to assess their yield performances as well as their adaptation potentiality using ‘BB 03/18’ as check variety. In all the territories transplanting method was followed for their cultivation while in Gopal ganj region ‘Broadcasting method’ was followed. Undoubtedly in all locations farmers liked these 2 exotic varieties due to their good plant architecture, excellent vigour, good tillering habit, first-class grain density in the panicle, tolerant to major diseases and insects, good crop exposure at the harvesting period, higher yield, shattering resistant and nice grain quality. Between the 2 varieties; on an average variety BB 02/18 gave yield of 5.96 Mt/ha and its highest yield 8.40 Mt/ha was recorded in Rangpur region while BB01/18 also gave highest yield in Rangpur district (8.20Mt/ha) exhibiting average yield 5.26Mt/ha. Between the 2 exotic varieties BB 02/18 was found to be superior to BB 01/18 and both of these varieties gave 46.79% and 30.04% increased yield than the check variety ‘BB 03/18’. In addition, our observations revealed that these 2 exotic hybrid rice varieties can also be cultivated through broadcasting method in the Amon season as they both gave satisfactory yield by this practice while the check variety failed to grow in ‘Broadcasting’ method. It was also found that there is a very good marketing opportunity of the varieties BB 01/18 & BB 02/18 in Bangladesh during the Amon season. And on an average the 3 hybrid varieties used in this adaptive trial exhibited almost 29.77 % higher yield than the traditionally grown inbred varieties for this Amon season of 2018.
In a Bengali proverb there is a wise saying 'Age dorshon dhari pore gun bichari' (i.e. to be nice to look at first and then make a judgement on its quality). Based on the proverb, a few colourful vegetable varieties have been developed at BARDC (BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre), Gazipur, Bangladesh. Coloured vegetables play a very crucial role when these vegetables are included in our regular diet. These colourful vegetables not only have the decorative value but also have the nutritional value as well. Besides in some cases colourful varieties increases the disease tolerance capacity or stress tolerance potentiality in the commonly cultivated vegetables than the traditional type. In Bangladesh red okra, red spinach, white pumpkin, purple hot pepper, red yard long bean, red stem kang kong etc. have been developed at BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre very recently and preliminary investigation revealed that these vegetables have increased level of antioxidants (anthocyanins, carotenes etc.), iron, sulfur etc. However, more research is needed to exploit the full benefits of these coloured vegetables. #To enjoy my you tube video on coloured vegetables please follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kijF78rwhaY&t=52s
Cow pea is an important leguminous pulse crop grown mainly in the southern districts of Bangladesh and it is used as either green vegetables or as delicious pulse crop. Basically It is a Kharif season crop and its advantage is that it can be grown in the coastal areas as it has got tolerant capacity to moderate level of salinity. Plants and the fruits are very much similar to yard long beans but exhibits determinate growth and the fruits are shorter in size than yard long bean. Longer fruits with higher yield potentiality of cow pea is desirable than the traditional type low yielding plants with shorter size fruits. Again it seems that its area of cultivation can be expanded all over Bangladesh as a potential vegetable as well as pulse crop as its production cost is also very low and unlike yard long bean it does not require any trellis or bamboo sticks for its commercial cultivation. BRAC has recently developed a high yielding cow pea variety which will fetch more profit to the cow pea growers. #To enjoy my you tube video on cow pea harvesting please follow the link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K6W14IeCUS0&t=22s #and also another video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KmTD2CMr3Ts&t=22s
Golachipa belong to the Potuakhali district of Bangladesh is well known for the hub of best quality watermelons.These watermelons are cultivated in the Char's (river bed) of this upazilla where each and every year silts are deposited as these chars usually goes under water during the monsoon season. After receding water from the Chars growers usually start the cultivation of watermelon. Different varieties of watermelon such as watermelon with dark green rind, light green rind colour and deep green stripes in light green back ground. Watermelon also with yellow rind and yellow flesh watermelons are cultivated here. Practically, the watermelons of Golachipa are famous for its special size, better quality and excellent taste (due to cultivation of watermelon in the coastal areas where saline codition is prevalent). As watermelon farming is profitable this is why the watermelon growers of Golachipa are gradually increasing. Very recently I got an opportunity to visit the watermelon plots mostly situated in the char areas of Golachipa and gathered a little experience over the watermelon business of this coastal region which has been described in this article. #To enjoy my you tube video on watermelon please follow the link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vw2m0OrLP2g
Although PDS section in BRAC Seed & Agro Enterprise is a new section but its importance is enough in the Seed Sector. This section is conducting on farm evaluation and demonstration trials of different varieties and products in the farmers plot following standard procedure. After receiving satisfactory performance of the varieties & products promising ones are recommended for marketing. Demonstration trials of newly released varieties or products are being systematically carried out to display the performance of the newly launched products and/or varieties. It is expected that PDS section will play a crucial role in the seed business in the coming days. To enjoy my you tube video on sunflower trial please follow the link :https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEGiBEC4okY&t=56s
Yardlong bean is a very popular leguminous vegetable of Bangladesh. Its different coloured tender fruits are used either as stir fried food item or in the soup or in curry. It is cultivated both in the home gardens as well as commercially.Since it can be grown almost round the year there is very good market of yardlong bean in this country and now a days commercial vegetable growers are cultivating yard long bean widely as they earn a big profit by selling this vegetable in the kitchen market. Considering the importance of yardlong bean BRAC started research work on yardlong bean nearly 2 decades ago and so far developed a good no. of advance lines which are likely to be released for commercial cultivation. Breeding techniques of the development of new yardlong bean lines and major characteristics of the advance lines have been described in this article. #Suggested my you tube video link on similar leguminous crop cow pea: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K6W14IeCUS0&t=22s
Normally country bean is grown in Bangladesh in the winter season. But due to market glut situation the farmers do not get much profit by selling these beans during this season. Therefore, BRAC scientists have developed few varieties of heat tolerant country bean which can be grown in the summer season through the utilization of hybridization technique. By growing these beans in the off season the growers are now getting much more profit. Now by cultivating these off season type beans and seasonal type beans this nutritious vegetable is becoming available round the year in Bangladesh for the customers. #Suggested my you tube video link on summer tomato cultivation in Dinajpur district :https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_UydD6LGO8&t=14s
BRAC- the largest NGO of the world started its own pulse program during the year 2000 to address the issues related to pulse cultivation in Bangladesh and increase the pulse grain production in Bangladesh significantly. Side by side to reduce the poverty and malnutrition BRAC also wanted to contribute more through its pulse program.Three main types of activities such as variety screening, variety development and seed production are being performed in BRAC pulse program and the target pulse crops are mung bean, lentil, pea, cow pea, chick pea etc.Along with the screening of varieties of different pulse crops, several good quality advance lines of mung bean and cow pea have also been developed. Constraints and prospects of of pulse crop cultivation in Bangladesh have also been discussed. #Suggested links of my you tube video on lentil cultivation:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3DfknzVx_c #and another video on mung bean: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjyXXQkO4n8&t=1s
A Technical report on the hybrid summer tomato evaluation and the development of seasonal tomato hybrids has been published in the AVRDC bulletin "Feed Back from the Field". Their suitability as new promising tomato hybrids has also been discussed. #suggested link of my you tube video on summer tomato: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UddTDTzIV6M&t=8s
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Development of a high yielding improved type spinach variety for commercial vegetable growers
1. 1
‘Sufola palong-1’- a new high yielding spinach variety for vegetable growers
Sitesh C. Biswas*
BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre, BRRI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh
*Corresponding author: sitesh.cb@brac.net
Abstract
Considering the huge demand of a high yielding spinach variety in the market; ‘Sufola palong’- an improved quality
spinach variety has been developed at BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre through selection. It is a very
fast growing high yielding spinach variety and fresh spinach can be harvested within 36-37 DAS. This high quality
spinach has high vigour, broad thicker soft tastier leaves with nice flavour and also has a very good uniformity rate. Since
the yield of this improved quality spinach is much higher than the traditional variety (20-22 Mt/ha) and seed production
performance of the newly developed spinach variety is excellent Bangladeshi vegetable growers are now cultivating
‘Sufola palong’ regularly with good enthusiasm and earning a huge profit by growing this novel variety. This high
yielding spinach variety can also be grown in the summer season. Besides normal harvesting, its leaves can be harvested
sequentially following cut-and-come-again method and its high quality leaves can be harvested 3-4 times from the same
plot from one time sowing of seeds in the early part of the season. Good quality seeds can also be harvested from these
excised plants if these regrown plants are allowed to maintain after bolting.
Keywords: Leafy vegetable, nutrition, open pollinated variety, selection, short duration vegetables,
spinach, Spinacia oleracea.
Introduction
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is one of the most important nutritious leafy vegetable generally grown
in Bangladesh during the rabi season or winter season and it is a very popular tasteful vegetable in this South
East Asian country. It is a rich source of fibre, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, bioactive compounds and other
nutrients as well (Bergquist et. al., 2005, Miano 2016). Originating in ancient Persia introduced traditional type
of spinach is being cultivated in the Indian subcontinent by the vegetable growers of this region as a common
vegetable from the very earliest period although a new red type of spinach has been developed at BRAC
Agricultural Research & Development Centre (BARDC) very recently (Biswas 2013, Schereinemachers et. al.,
2015). Spinach is also cultivated here in Bangladesh in the homestead gardens with other winter vegetables and
mostly it is consumed in the cooked form as delicious preparations. It also requires less amount of energy for its
cooking and saves a significant quantity of energy unlike other kinds of leafy vegetables. Spinach is a very short
duration vegetable (Ninfali and Bacchioca 2004) and suitable size spinach can be harvested as early as within
2. 2
30-35 days after the sowing of seeds. Spinach cultivation is very easy and requires relatively low investment
due to its shorter crop duration and minimum requirement of plant protection measures and other inputs as well.
It is also a very suitable crop for the refugees and this short duration leafy vegetable can provide nutritious
vegetable to the migrant helpless people within a very short span of time. It can also be cultivated in the balcony
or in the roof garden. One of the peculiarities of the spinach is that up to 3 to 4 seedlings are emerged from a
single dry fruit (actually commercial ‘Spinach seed’s are dried fruits which contain several seeds) which usually
helps the farmer to ensure the establishment of a good crop. Although there are different types of spinach
varieties viz, smooth leaved, crinkle leaved, round leaved, semi round leaved, pointed leaved, ‘Savoy’ type etc.;
in Bangladesh semi round and round smooth leaf type are generally cultivated and the lion portion of the
spinach is grown in the winter season despite the recent availability of a very few all season type varieties. But
extreme late rabi season sown spinach normally loses its characteristic flavour and eating quality (Azad et. al.,
2017) although individual varietal characteristics and cultural practices largely controls the nutritional quality of
the spinach (Arts and Hollman 2005). Since it is a short duration leafy vegetable, commercial cultivation of
spinach is very profitable and there is a huge demand of good quality spinach in the domestic and foreign
market as well. But the local varieties which are usually grown by Bangladeshi farmers are inferior type, slow
growing, poor yielder and exhibits early bolting characteristics besides their disease susceptibility particularly at
the flowering stage. Due to early bolting nature of the traditional spinach variety, the farmers faces problem in
marketing of this leafy vegetable while a delayed bolting variety not only ensure a good vegetative growth for a
better quality spinach it also offers grower a good scope for sequential harvesting and the most amazing fact is
that more than one harvest can be ensured from this type of spinach following cut-and-come-again technique
(Biswas 2012). From our observation at BARDC it has been observed that a BRAC developed late bolting type
spinach variety can be grown almost throughout the year successfully (as early as August sowing crop and also
as late March sowing crop) and maximum profit can be obtained from its extra early, off season cultivation
(sowing of seeds in the middle or in the last week of March) when there is scarcity of leafy vegetables in the
kitchen market i.e. in the summer season. Commercial seed production of this vegetable is very rare although
there is a good demand of spinach seed among the vegetable growers and as high as 100gm of seeds can be
obtained from an ideal mature spinach plant grown in a suitable environment. Since spinach responds very well
to selection (Guzhov, 1981) and as there is a good possibility of the development of high quality of improved F1
hybrid spinach variety a spinach breeding programme was started at BARDC with an objective of the
improvement of this delicious leafy vegetable.
Breeding history of ‘Sufola Palong-1’: The breeding history of ‘Sufola Palong-1’ has been described as below:
Year Activities Outcome
2001- 02 Germplasm collection &
evaluation. Selection of desirable
type of spinach plants and
selfing.
Several spinach germplasms (total no. of germplasms = 15)
were collected from farmer’s field or other sources and their
accession no. was given accordingly. These germplasms
were evaluated in the experimental plots of BRAC
Agriculture Research & Development Centre and were
characterized accordingly. During the evaluation process at
pre-flowering stage few robust unbranched late bolting
plants (7 plants from the accession no. SP 001) with
excellent vigour and larger leaves were uprooted from the
plot and were planted in a separate plot keeping maintaining
isolation distance. At the flowering stage these plants were
selfed through bagging. At the time of harvesting, seeds from
3. 3
seven plants were bulked and preserved for next year
observation.
2002-2003 Sowing of selfed seeds and
raising pure genetic stock (S1
generation).
Selfed bulk seeds were sown in the experimental plots of
BARDC (1 decimal of land) and standard spinach cultivation
practices were provided to raise healthy seedlings. Seed
germination was excellent and when the plants reached at
45-46 days - a good variation in vigour, plant size, leaf type
and in the nature of bolting was observed in this plant
population. Now again 300 robust type late bolting
unbranched type plants with larger size semi round shaped
leaves were selected and transplanted in a separate nursery
plot keeping the distance from row to row 45 cm and plant to
plant 30 cm. Necessary cultural practices were provided to
facilitate seed production of these high quality spinach
plants. At the bolting stage again critical observations were
carried out in the nursery plot and off type inferior quality
plants were uprooted from the plot to raise more uniform
population of healthy plants. After harvesting seeds of these
desirable type plants were bulked and preserved for raising
next generation.
2003-2004 Pre sowing seed grading and
generation advancement (S2
generation).
Seeds collected from plants of S1 generation were subjected
to grading into 2 categories: a. large seeded group & b. small
seeded group. Seeds of both the groups were sown on
28.12.03 on separate plots and as the quality of spinach
plants belonging to the large seeded group were better,
inferior quality off type plants from large seeded group were
eradicated through rouging so that pure genetic stock of
uniform plants can be raised. At the harvesting stage seeds
were harvested from the S2 plants were in 2 different ways;
a. 10 different normal type healthy plants having small size
seeds were selected and these plants were designated as P1,
P2, P3.......P10 accordingly and brought to threshing floor for
collecting seeds. Now the entire seed stalk from each plants
were cut into 2 pieces and seeds were collected separately
from the lower portion and upper portion of the stalk and
preserved carefully for next season sowing. b. On the other
hand, seeds from the rest of the plants of the plot were
bulked and preserved for their normal multiplication.
2004-2005 Sowing of the seeds collected
from lower portion of the 10
selected plants(S3 generation)
Seeds collected from lower portion of the stalk of selected
10 plants were sown on 31.10.04 in plant into rows method
in 2 decimal of land keeping the distance between rows 45
cm. Necessary cultural practices were provided to raise
healthy plants. At the seedling stage, young plants were
thinned to provide sufficient space between the successive 2
plants for ensuring better growth & development of each and
every plant. Critical observations were carried out regularly
4. 4
to find out any variations among the progenies derived from
each of the 10 plants. At 45-46 DAS clear variations among
the progenies of 6 different families out of 10 were noticed
and interestingly there were no variations within the
progenies of each family. Finally, progenies of 10 plants
were grouped into 6 separate lines; Leafy type (progenies of
P8), Rosette type (progenies of P5), Bunchy type (progenies of
P7), Biggest type (progenies of P3), Erect type (progenies of
P1), and Normal type (progenies of P6, P9 & P10). The 50 days
old plants of each category were then transplanted separately
maintaining isolation distance to collect seeds of the each
pure lines. At harvesting period seeds from each 6 lines were
collected separately and preserved carefully.
2005 -2006 Preparation of Blend-1 & Blend-
2 stock and their evaluation
In this particular step of variety development, seeds of 4
promising lines (Erect type, Biggest type, Bunchy type &
Leafy type) were mixed in equal proportion to constitute the
‘Blend-1’ stock while mixing seeds of only 2 lines i.e.
Biggest type & Leafy type ‘Blend-2’ stock were prepared. In
the ‘Rabi season, seeds of ‘Blend-1’ and ‘Blend-2 were
evaluated in the experimental plots of BARDC with 2
replications. Between the 2 improved stocks ‘Blend-1’
performed better than ‘Blend-2’.
2006-2007 MLT & Release of variety As a pre requisite step of the variety development process
Multi Locational Trial (MLT) of Blend-1 was completed
successfully and finally this Advance line was released as’
Sufola Palong-1’ for commercial cultivation.
Main characteristics of Sufola Palong-1 ( Fig.1, Table. 2 & 3):
Early season type fast growing and uniform variety.
Vigorous plant having larger thick, smooth, relatively soft dark green leaves.
Broad petioled plants become leafy rapidly with beautiful appearance within just 25-30 days.
Slower in bolting than traditional type variety (bolting starts at 47- 48 DAS) and extra early
sason sowing delays bolting which ensures the grower marketing of spinach for a longer
period.
Average leaf length is around 38-39 cm. and leaf width is 17-18 cm. Plant wt./plant is
around - 212-213 gm.
High quality, sweet flavoured & tasty spinach.
It can also be cultivated in the off-season and then spinach can be sold at higher price.
Seed production is also profitable as seed yield/plant is around 70-80gm/plant.
Tolerant to major disease and insect attack.
Its leaves can be harvested through cut-and-come-again method.
It can also be cultivated in the off-season.
5. 5
Fig.1. ‘Sufola Palong-1’ in the field. Fig.2. Plants of ‘Sufola Palong-1’.
Table.1. Important plant characters of newly developed different lines of spinach (at final
harvest).
Name of the
Lines
Plant height
(cm)
No. of
branches/
plant
Seed
yield./plant
(gm)
Crop duration
(Days after
transplantation)
Remarks
Leafy type 211.80 ± 7.22
(200 - 218)
3.60 ± 0.89
(3 - 5)
86.40 ± 43.71
(40 - 152)
117.00 Lettuce like plant
architecture with
prominent big size
leaves (Fig. 5).
Rosette type 198.40 ± 36.14
(212 - 300)
3.60 ± 1.14
(2 - 5)
68.80 ± 23.34
(44 - 106)
117.00 Plant had droopy leaves
with relatively longer
petiole and leaf
margins were wavy
(Fig. 4).
Bunchy type 154.40 ± 39.25
(111 - 187)
3.40 ± 0.55
(3 - 4)
68.80 ± 22.02
(40 - 96)
108.00 Bushy type plant
appearance at
marketing stage.
Biggest type 218.80 ± 5.59
(212 - 224)
3.60 ± 1.67
(1 - 5)
85.20 ± 32.02
(50 - 136)
110.00 Bigger size plants at
marketable stage (Fig.
3).
Erect type 218.20 ± 14.46
(200 - 240)
3.40 ± 1.82
(1 - 5)
54.40 ± 14.25
(40 - 76)
110.00 Upright type compact
plant.
Normal type 213.20 ± 13.55
(190 - 233)
2.70 ± 1.57
(1 - 5)
59.60 ± 20.61
(40 - 102)
118.00 Normal type plant.
Mean 202.46 3.38 70.53 113.33 -
6. 6
Performance evaluation of ‘Sufola Palong-1’ spinach:
To assess the performance of Sufola Palong-1 an experiment was laid out in BRAC Agricultural
Research & Development Centre (BARDC). Seeds of Sufola Palong-1 (Figs. 1, 2 & 6) along with 3 check
varieties viz., Local, Sathi and Evan were sown on 08.10.06 in 4 decimal of land. Besides the Local variety, all
the other 3 varieties exhibited excellent germination and seedling emergence. Standard cultural practices were
provided to ensure better growth and development of each and every plant. It can be mentioned here that the
plants of Sufola Palong-1 grew rapidly compared to other varieties. At 45 DAS plants all the 4 varieties reached
at marketable stage and relevant data were collected accordingly and the performance of these 4 varieties have
been presented in the Table.2. Sufola Palong-1 (Figs. 1 & 2) grew faster than all the other 3 varieties and it
recorded highest values in all the characters studied (Table.2). Table.2 shows that, at the marketable stage plant
height of Sufola Palong-1 was 60.79% higher than ‘Local’ variety and 34.61% and 62.79% than other two
commercial varieties ‘Sathi’ and ‘Evan’ respectively. In case of no. of leaves/plant, Sufola Palong-1 produced
15.53 leaves per plant which is 50.29% higher no. of leaves than ‘Local variety’ and 59.68% increased no. of
leaves than the other 2 commercial varieties. Significant increase in the length as well as width of leaves was
recorded in the newly developed BRAC spinach variety (Table. 2). Fresh wt. per plant in Sufola Palong-1 was
recorded as 212.67gm and near about 163.01% increased fresh spinach wt. was recorded in the BRAC variety
than the ‘Local’ variety. This fresh spinach wt. of Sufola Palong-1 was also 160.62% higher than ‘Sathi’
variety and as high as 381.48% increased fresh wt. of Sufola Palong-1 was recorded than the other commercial
variety ‘Evan’. It is interesting to note that similar increasing trend of dry wt. was also recorded Sufola Palong-
1 (Table.2) when compared with it with other 3 check varieties.
Table.2. Comparative study of 4 spinach varieties at marketable size (at 47 days after sowing).
Variety Source Plant
height
(cm)
No. of
leaves/
plant
Length of 3
expanded
leaves (cm)
Width of 3
expanded
leaves (cm)
Fresh
wt./plant
(gm)
Fresh wt.
of 3 larger
leaves
(gm)
Plant dry
wt.(gm)
Sufola
Palong-1
BRAC 42.00 ± 4.0
(38.00-46.00)
15.33 ±4.72
(10.00-19.00)
39.21 ±2.67
(37.67-42.30)
16.67 ±1.86
(15.00-18.67)
212.67 ±39.11
(172.00-250.00)
69.67 ±13.20
(58.00-84.00)
13.23 ±2.41
(10.48-15.00)
Local Chand Seed
Co.
26.12 ±2.16
(24.00-29.00)
10.20 ± 1.30
(8.00-11.00)
23.97 ±1.27
(21.83-25.00)
9.00 ±1.34
(7.5-10.50)
80.86 ±23.94
(52.30-114.00)
24.84 ±4.25
(19.00 -30.00)
5.00 ±0.87
(3.85-7.10)
Sathi
(Commercial
variety)
Lal Teer Seed 31.20 ±1.79
(29.00-34.00)
9.60 ±1.14
(8.00-11.00)
28.33 ±1.89
(26.33-31.00)
9.67 ±1.17
(8.17-11.00)
81.60 ±34.33
(60.00-96.00)
26.80 ±5.89
(19.00-32.00)
5.10 ±1.03
(3.95-7.45)
Evan(Com
mercial
variety)
Lal Teer Seed 25.80 ±1.44
(24.50-28.00)
9.60 ±2.70
(7.00-14.00)
18.19 ±2.13
(20.50-25.83)
8.77 ±0.65
(7.83-9.50)
44.17 ±14.87
(28.50-65.00)
19.12 ±4.22
(14.60-23.60)
2.76 ±1.02
(1.79-3.45)
Mean - 31.89 11.18 27.42 11.02 64.39 35.18 6.52
7. 7
Fig.3. Biggest type. Fig.4. Rosette type.
Fig.5. Leafy type. Fig.6. Plants raised from ‘Sufola Palong-1’
(at bolting stage).
Cultivation of ‘Sufola Palong-1’ in the summer season ( off season):
Fresh seeds of Sufola Palong-1 were sown on 04.04.08 in the BARDC experimental plots just after the
first shower of rain to raise the off season crop during the summer season. Very good seed germination was
recorded and emerged seedlings came out after 3 days of seed sowing. As a part of normal cultural practice;
weeding was done at 14 days after sowing and top dressing of chemical fertilizer was applied after 15 days
followed by a gentle irrigation. All the plants grew normally although it was the summer season and within 33
days all the plants became harvestable. There was a very good uniformity in plant growth and development.
Plant characters and yield have been presented in the following table (Table. 3). Finally a good quality of
spinach was harvested in this off season and the taste as well as flavour of the summer spinach was very much
similar to the spinach grown in the normal season. Yield was good and 17.78 Mt/ha spinach was produced in
the summer season which is also a satisfactory performance. It can be mentioned here that in the Gazipur region
the first shower usually brings down the high temperature and once the rain started intermittent rain continues
up to the very onset of monsoon season which favours the normal growth of spinach in this region.
8. 8
Table. 3. Plant characters of ‘Sufola Palong-1’ at 33 days after sowing (DAS).
Variety Total
plant
length
(cm)
Plant
height
(cm)
No. of
leaves/
plant
Length of 3
expanded
leaves (cm)
Width of 3
expanded
leaves (cm)
Fresh
wt./plant
(gm)
Fresh wt.
of 3 larger
leaves
(gm)
Yield
(Mt/ha)
Sufola
Palong-1
46.90 ± 2.54
(43.00-50.00)
34.00 ± 2.49
(30.00-38.00)
6.50±0.70
(5.00-7.00)
31.51±2.21
(29.00-35.00)
14.27±1.56
(10.83-16.60)
125.60±36.43
(83.00-206.00)
59.20±11.44
(44.00-82.00)
17.78
.
Seed production performance of ‘Sufola Palong-1’:
In BRAC, seed production of spinach is well organized and a very high quality spinach seeds are
produced. For this purpose ‘Breeder’s seed’ is produced at BARDC with the direct supervision of the respective
breeder and this high quality breeder’s seed is sent to BRAC regional seed farm, Meherpur meant for the
production of foundation seed. In the regional farm, foundation seed of ‘Sufola Palong-1’ is produced in the
actual spinach growing season following standard spinach seed production method and maintaining isolation
distance. Systematic rouging practices are also followed to eradicate off-type plants (if they are found). After
harvesting, seeds from only healthy good quality plants are collected and are used as ‘Foundation seed’. The
responsible farm manager usually supervises the whole seed production package. In the next season these
foundation seeds are distributed to the progressive contract growers to produce ‘Certified Seed’. At the field
level certified seeds are also produced with much care under the supervision of BRAC field staff and direct
monitoring of quality control department. Finally high quality certified seeds are purchased from the registered
farmers. Seed production record of the last 5 years has been presented in the following table (Table. 4). From
Table.4 it is clear that on an average 11.71 metric tons of spinach seeds are produced annually from 24.61 acres
of land. Last year i.e. during the year 2017 as high as 14.87 Mt seeds have been produced while in 2016 lowest
quantity of seeds were produced. As the seed production performance of ‘Sufola Palong-1’ is very good this is
why high rate of achievements always realized against the target (Table.4). On an average 1175.07 kgs of
spinach seeds are produced from 1 ha of land and the farmers are very much satisfied with the seed production
performance of ‘Sufola Palong-1’.
Table. 4. Last 5- years seed production record of ‘Sufola Palong-1`.
Year Target
(kg)
Area
covered
(ha)
No. of
farmers
involved
Production
(Mt)
Achievements
(%)
Average
production/ha
(kg)
2014 15,000 8.50 19.00 14.41 96.04
1175.07
2015 20,000 11.50 30.00 13.20 65.99
2016 20,000 11.23 40.00 8.27 41.34
2017 15,000 11.93 38.00 14.87 99.11
2018 10,000 6.63 16.00 7.80 78.00
Mean 16,000 9.95 28.60 11.71 76.09
9. 9
Conclusion
Since spinach is a very common winter leafy vegetables of Bangladesh and can be easily cultivated,
Bangladeshi marginal as well as small farmers usually grow it in the early part of winter season to sell
their vegetables in the early market for realizing maximum profit. Moreover, as Bangladesh is a flood
prone country, short duration vegetables like spinach has a great significance for the people of the flood
affected areas. In those areas, after receding flood water, flood victims usually grow short duration
vegetables so that they can harvest vegetables sooner for selling these vegetables in the market for
earning money or can be used for home consumption. Again spinach is being widely cultivated in
Bangladesh in the homestead areas by the health conscious village people to consume safe nutritious
vegetable as well. Off season cultivation and roof top cultivation of spinach has also become a new trend
of vegetable cultivation in Bangladeshi progressive vegetable growers. For off season spinach
cultivation, farmers usually grow spinach in the later part of the summer season (Sowing period last
week of March to middle of April) and harvest it in the early part of the rainy season. So, it appears that
BRAC developed improved new spinach variety will find a special market as this spinach variety is a
very fast growing high yielding spinach with good nutritional quality.
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Schreinemachers, P., M. A. Patalagsa, M. R. Islam, M. N. Uddin, S. Ahmad, S. C. Biswas, M. T. Ahmad, R. Y.
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10. 10
Miano, T. F. 2016. Nutritional value of Spinacea oleracea spinach-an overview. Int. J Life Sci Rev. 2 (12).
172-174.
Address:
Dr. Sitesh Chandra Biswas
Manager (PDS)
BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre (BARDC)
Jogitola, BRRI, Joydebpur, Gazipur
BANGLADESH
Phone: 9294208
Mobile Phone: +8801730349845
E-mail: sitesh.cb@brac.net
or, siteshchbiswas@yahoo.com
Sitesh C. Biswas http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2179-8608
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