Effective therapies for drug and alcohol addiction include CBT, community reinforcement approach plus vouchers, contingency management/motivational incentives, motivational enhancement therapy, the Matrix Model, 12-step facilitation therapy, and behavioral couples therapy. Therapies created for adults like CBT, MET, and the Matrix Model need modifications to be effective for adolescents. Family-based therapies shown to work for adolescents include multisystemic therapy, multidimensional family therapy, and brief strategic family therapy. These therapies aim to improve individual and family dynamics that influence adolescent substance use.
A PPT of Addiction Counseling by Dr Komal Verma.
Addiction counselors help patients overcome dependence on drugs, alcohol, and destructive behaviors like gambling. Counselors intervene when patients are often at their lowest points in their struggles with addiction. A certified drug and alcohol counselor may also work with the families of addicts to assist the healing process. These professionals may work in outpatient facilities, inpatient rehabilitation centers, halfway houses, or hospitals.
Relapse – in a broader sense, is the return of signs and symptoms of a disease after a remission.
In the case of some psychiatric disorders, relapse is the worsening of symptoms or the re-occurrence of unhealthy behaviors, such as avoidance or substance use, after a period of improvement.
Relapse Prevention – A set of skills designed to reduce the likelihood that symptoms of the illness in question will worsen or that a person will return to an unhealthy behavior, such as substance use.
Skills include, for example, identifying early warning signs that symptoms may be worsening, recognizing high risk situations for relapse, and understanding how everyday, seemingly mundane decisions may put you on the road to relapse (for example, skipping lunch one day may make you more vulnerable to get in a bad mood).
Relapse can be prevented through the use of specific coping strategies, such as identifying early warning signs.
Early Intervention is simply bridging the gap between prevention and treatment. Early intervention is essential to reducing drug use and its costs to society
This course provides training and CEUs for addicitons counselors and LPCs working in Addictions, Mental Health and Co-Occurring Disorders will help counselors, social workers, marriage and family therapists, alcohol and drug counselors and addictions professionals get continuing education and certification training to aid them in providing services guided by best practices. AllCEUs is approved by the california Association of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counselors (CAADAC), NAADAC, the Association for Addictions Professionals, the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counseling Board of Georgia (ADACB-GA), the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC) and most states.
A PPT of Addiction Counseling by Dr Komal Verma.
Addiction counselors help patients overcome dependence on drugs, alcohol, and destructive behaviors like gambling. Counselors intervene when patients are often at their lowest points in their struggles with addiction. A certified drug and alcohol counselor may also work with the families of addicts to assist the healing process. These professionals may work in outpatient facilities, inpatient rehabilitation centers, halfway houses, or hospitals.
Relapse – in a broader sense, is the return of signs and symptoms of a disease after a remission.
In the case of some psychiatric disorders, relapse is the worsening of symptoms or the re-occurrence of unhealthy behaviors, such as avoidance or substance use, after a period of improvement.
Relapse Prevention – A set of skills designed to reduce the likelihood that symptoms of the illness in question will worsen or that a person will return to an unhealthy behavior, such as substance use.
Skills include, for example, identifying early warning signs that symptoms may be worsening, recognizing high risk situations for relapse, and understanding how everyday, seemingly mundane decisions may put you on the road to relapse (for example, skipping lunch one day may make you more vulnerable to get in a bad mood).
Relapse can be prevented through the use of specific coping strategies, such as identifying early warning signs.
Early Intervention is simply bridging the gap between prevention and treatment. Early intervention is essential to reducing drug use and its costs to society
This course provides training and CEUs for addicitons counselors and LPCs working in Addictions, Mental Health and Co-Occurring Disorders will help counselors, social workers, marriage and family therapists, alcohol and drug counselors and addictions professionals get continuing education and certification training to aid them in providing services guided by best practices. AllCEUs is approved by the california Association of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counselors (CAADAC), NAADAC, the Association for Addictions Professionals, the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counseling Board of Georgia (ADACB-GA), the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC) and most states.
Drug addiction is a chronic disease characterized by drug seeking and use that is compulsive, or difficult to control, despite harmful consequences.
Brain changes that occur over time with drug use challenge an addicted person’s self-control and interfere with their ability to resist intense urges to take drugs. This is why drug addiction is also a relapsing disease.
Relapse is the return to drug use after an attempt to stop. Relapse indicates the need for more or different treatment.
Most drugs affect the brain's reward circuit by flooding it with the chemical messenger dopamine. This overstimulation of the reward circuit causes the intensely pleasurable "high" that leads people to take a drug again and again.
Hi!
I am SHIV PRAKASH (PhD Research Scholar),This slide presentation, I have created it for teaching purpose. I have used this slide to present the concept of CBT for Nursing Student in the department of psychiatry, I.M.S. Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi.
I hope this will be help full for everyone.
Thank you!
Brief therapy, sometimes also referred to as short term therapy (usually 10 to 20 sessions) , is a generic label for any form of therapy in which time is an explicit element in treatment planning.
Improve your mental health conditions and recover from various disorders by finding the main cause of difficulty and best way to deal with them. Psychoeducation is the process that provides the useful information to understand and cope with the problems in an optimal and effective way.
CBT is a for of psychological therapy used to alter subjects thoughts to improve behaviors and or feelings. it is great tool to be used for psychological disease or chronic diseases. this presentation cover the basics aspects of CBT with some studies about use of CBT in pulmonary diseases.
Drug rehabilitation is the process of liberating the user from active addiction and includes two stages - physical detoxification and psychological detoxification.
Drug addiction is a chronic disease characterized by drug seeking and use that is compulsive, or difficult to control, despite harmful consequences.
Brain changes that occur over time with drug use challenge an addicted person’s self-control and interfere with their ability to resist intense urges to take drugs. This is why drug addiction is also a relapsing disease.
Relapse is the return to drug use after an attempt to stop. Relapse indicates the need for more or different treatment.
Most drugs affect the brain's reward circuit by flooding it with the chemical messenger dopamine. This overstimulation of the reward circuit causes the intensely pleasurable "high" that leads people to take a drug again and again.
Hi!
I am SHIV PRAKASH (PhD Research Scholar),This slide presentation, I have created it for teaching purpose. I have used this slide to present the concept of CBT for Nursing Student in the department of psychiatry, I.M.S. Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi.
I hope this will be help full for everyone.
Thank you!
Brief therapy, sometimes also referred to as short term therapy (usually 10 to 20 sessions) , is a generic label for any form of therapy in which time is an explicit element in treatment planning.
Improve your mental health conditions and recover from various disorders by finding the main cause of difficulty and best way to deal with them. Psychoeducation is the process that provides the useful information to understand and cope with the problems in an optimal and effective way.
CBT is a for of psychological therapy used to alter subjects thoughts to improve behaviors and or feelings. it is great tool to be used for psychological disease or chronic diseases. this presentation cover the basics aspects of CBT with some studies about use of CBT in pulmonary diseases.
Drug rehabilitation is the process of liberating the user from active addiction and includes two stages - physical detoxification and psychological detoxification.
Drug addiction is a complex illness characterized by intense and, at times, uncontrollable drug craving, along with compulsive drug seeking and use that persist even in the face of devastating consequences. While the path to drug addiction begins with the voluntary act of taking drugs, over time a person's ability to choose not to do so becomes compromised, and seeking and consuming the drug becomes compulsive. This behavior results largely from the effects of prolonged drug exposure on brain functioning. Addiction is a brain disease that affects multiple brain circuits, including those involved in reward and motivation, learning and memory, and inhibitory control over behavior.
Because drug abuse and addiction have so many dimensions and disrupt so many aspects of an individual's life, treatment is not simple. Effective treatment programs typically incorporate many components, each directed to a particular aspect of the illness and its consequences. Addiction treatment must help the individual stop using drugs, maintain a drug-free lifestyle, and achieve productive functioning in the family, at work, and in society. Because addiction is typically a chronic disease, people cannot simply stop using drugs for a few days and be cured. Most patients require long-term or repeated episodes of care to achieve the ultimate goal of sustained abstinence and recovery of their lives.
Too often, addiction goes untreated: According to SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 23.2 million persons (9.4 percent of the U.S. population) aged 12 or older needed treatment for an illicit drug or alcohol use problem in 2007. Of these individuals, 2.4 million (10.4 percent of those who needed treatment) received treatment at a specialty facility (i.e., hospital, drug or alcohol rehabilitation or mental health center). Thus, 20.8 million persons (8.4 percent of the population aged 12 or older) needed treatment for an illicit drug or alcohol use problem but did not receive it. These estimates are similar to those in previous years.
Responsed to colleagues posting that addressed different trends tha.docxzmark3
Responsed to colleague's posting that addressed different trends than those you described. Agree or disagree with the colleague's position on the current and future trends in the treatment of addiction.
Colleague #1
Current trends:
There are a number of trends within the addiction recovery and treatment field. One of the most utilized modalities within the field of addiction recovery may be cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT seeks to teach those recovering from addiction and other mental illness to find connections between their thoughts, feelings and even their actions or behaviors (Kiluk & Carroll, 2013). The cognitive behavioral approach often encourages those participating in the treatment to identify, and challenge potential thinking errors that may be contributing to their current addiction, or even mental illness.
Another widely used treatment trend is the 12-step program. This program is one that is based on peer support groups that meet together regularly to provide support, guidance and care as each individual works the program as a whole (AAWS, 2012). The basic assumption of the intervention model is that people can help one another achieve and maintain abstinence from substances, and healing cannot come about until one surrenders to a higher power (AAWS, 2012). This is a widely spread program that is estimated to be used by the majority of treatment centers throughout the country (Doweiko, 2019).
Future trends:
There have been a number of developments and shifts within the field of addiction recovery therapy. It seems that societal trends, to a certain extent, may have some sort of impact on the trends as they develop as well. For example, there has been more of an emphasis placed on holistic health, and holistic treatment in a number of fields. This trend may be seen being implemented into the field of substance abuse treatment, and recovery as well.
Drake (2020) suggests that holistic care should be integrated into a multidisciplinary approach within the substance abuse field. The concept of incorporating a registered dietician to the multidisciplinary approach supports the “moniker” of providing a holistic approach to those in substance abuse disorder treatment. Implementing this style of holistic care is said to improve the overall quality of treatment and recovery. It has been reported that those with substance use disorders have become well quicker, fewer symptoms, and sustain recovery longer when they follow principles of quality nutrition (Drake, 2020).
Similarly, there have been various studies implementing the Integrative Body Mind Spirit (I-BMS) intervention among those with substance use disorders. This intervention utilizes Western practices in congruence with Eastern philosophies, as well as techniques (Rentala et al., 2020) There are a number of specific interventions utilized within this particular program that all seek to foster a deeper connection between body, mind and spirit. One of the most com.
Drug rehabilitation is a crucial process for individuals who struggle with addiction. An effective drug rehabilitation program typically involves several key components, including detoxification, behavioral therapy, medication-assisted treatment, and aftercare support.
One of the most important aspects of drug rehabilitation is detoxification, which involves clearing the body of any remaining drugs or alcohol. Detoxification can be a challenging and uncomfortable process, and it's important that individuals undergo this process under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional.Once detoxification is complete, the individual can begin participating in behavioral therapy. This type of therapy can take multiple forms, including individual counseling, group therapy, and family therapy. The goal of behavioral therapy is to help individuals identify the root causes of their addiction, develop coping strategies, and learn new skills and behaviors to support their recovery.
Medication-assisted treatment is another meaningful factor in drug rehabilitation. This involves the use of medications, such as methadone or buprenorphine, to help individuals manage withdrawal symptoms and reduce cravings. These drugs are very effective when combined with behavioral therapy.
Aftercare support is also a critical component of drug rehabilitation. This may include ongoing counseling or therapy, participation in support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous, and continued medication management.
Overall, drug rehabilitation is a complex and challenging process that requires a comprehensive and individualized approach. By addressing the physical, emotional, and psychological aspects of addiction, individuals can achieve long-term recovery and lead healthy, fulfilling lives.
Introduction
Drug addiction is a complex and challenging condition that affects millions of individuals around the world. Addiction can cause significant physical, psychological, and social harm, and can be difficult to overcome without professional help. Fortunately, drug rehabilitation programs are available to help individuals overcome addiction and achieve lasting recovery.
In this article, we will explore the key components of drug rehabilitation, including detoxification, behavioral therapy, medication-assisted treatment, and aftercare support. We will also discuss the challenges and benefits of drug rehabilitation, as well as the different types of rehabilitation programs that are available.
Detoxification
Detoxification is typically the first step in drug rehabilitation. This process involves clearing the body of any remaining drugs or alcohol and can be a challenging and uncomfortable process. Detoxification can take place in a variety of settings, including hospitals, detox centers, and residential treatment facilities.
One of the most important aspects of detoxification is that it should be conducted under the supervision of qualified healthcare professional
Effectiveness of rehabilitation in the treatment ofalcohol abusepatients as d...inventionjournals
Alcohol use is one of the serious social threats which need comprehensive treatment and preventive measures. The effectiveness of rehabilitation in providing psycho education and social support to the patient and their family when comparedto treatment alone in dropping relapse rate and cumulative record of follow up rates in patients of alcohol abuse has been focused in the study. Patients who came for the treatment of alcohol abuse were motivated to participate in the study and with their consent they were selected as participants for this study. They were grouped into experimental and control group for the purpose of study. Experimental group participants were made to attend the rehabilitation program and psycho education with their family weekly once for10 sessions in four months after they were discharged from the hospital whereas controlled group were asked to see their doctor only on follow-up. The main objective of the study was to study the effectiveness of rehabilitation in treatment of alcohol abuse with regard to patients follow up for the treatment and their relapse rate. The subjects selected for the study were 100 patients (50 experimental group and 50 controlled groups) with substance abuse from Kripa Deaddiction and Revival Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka India. They were selected by random sampling technique. The exclusive personalized manual recording system was used by the researcher for maintaining cumulative record of the participant patients in their follow up to treatment and also to record the participant relapse rates. The data collected were tabulated in the by variable tables and examined the property movement of variables and the relationship between the variables. The resultant analysis positively corroborated with the objective described in the study. This study paves the way for promoting the incorporation of rehabilitation in the alcohol abuse treatment centers there by curtailing this social menace at large.
1. Are alcohol addiction programs effective?
2. Fighting a Battle: An Alcohol Addiction Treatment.
3. Addiction to Amphetamine: Amphetamine Abuse Treatment.
4. Methadone Addiction Treatment – An Overview.
5. The Importance of Prescription Drug Addiction Treatment.
The medication-assisted treatment (MAT) program is a comprehensive approach to addressing substance use disorders that combines medications with therapy and support services. MAT utilizes FDA-approved medications to alleviate withdrawal symptoms, reduce cravings, and normalize brain chemistry.
Addiction Treatment Facilities: Types, Approaches, and Supportive Resources |...Enterprise Wired
Addiction treatment facilities provide specialized care to individuals struggling with substance abuse disorders. These facilities offer a range of services, including detoxification, therapy, counseling, medical intervention, and aftercare support.
Drug addiction
Drug treatment intend to help those addicted stop compulsive drug seeking.
Takes different forms, last for different time and happen in a variety settings.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
2. Effective therapies for drug and alcohol addiction
(National Institute on Drug Abuse- NIDA)
CBT (Alcohol, Marijuana, Cocaine, Methamphetamine,
Nicotine)
Community Reinforcement approach plus vouchers
(alcohol, cocaine)
Contingency Management Interventions/Motivational
Incentives (Alcohol, Stimulants, Opioids, Marijuana,
Nicotine)
Motivational Enhancement Therapy (Alcohol, Marijuana,
Nicotine)
The Matrix Model (Stimulants)
12 Step Therapy (Alcohol, Stimulants, Opiates)
Behavioral Couples Therapy
3. CBT
CBT strategies are used to help addicted individuals learn to
identify and correct problematic behaviors by applying a
range of different skills that can be used to stop drug abuse
and to address a range of other problems that often co-occur
with it.
The CBT strategies are used to strengthen self-control in the
individual.
Other strategies include exploring the positive and negative
consequences of continued use, self-monitoring to recognize
drug cravings early on and to identify high risk situations for
use, and developing strategies for coping with and avoiding
high-risk situations and the desire to use.
It is critical in CBT to explore possible problems and
helppatients develop effective coping strategies.
4. Community Reinforcement Approach plus
Vouchers (CRA)
CRA consists of an intensive 24-week outpatient therapy for treatment of
cocaine and alcohol addiction.
There are 2 treatment goals:1. To maintain abstinence long enough for
patients to learn new life skills to help sustain it, and 2. To reduce alcohol
consumption for patients whose drinking is associated with cocaine use
Patients attend one or two individual counseling sessions every week. The
focus is on improving family functioning, learning a variety of skills to
minimize drug use, receiving vocational counseling, and developing new
recreational activities and social networks.
Patients who abuse alcohol also receive Antabuse therapy.
Patients provide urine samples two or three times each week and receive
vouchers when they test negative for cocaine. The value of the vouchers
increases with consecutive clean samples. Patients may exchange vouchers
for retail goods that are consistent with a cocaine-free lifestyle.
This therapy helps patients engage in treatment and assists them in going
long periods of time without cocaine use.
5. Contingency Management/Motivational
Incentives
Studies have shown that Contingency Management/Motivational
incentives is an effective treatment for Alcohol, Stimulants, Opioids,
Marijuana, Nicotine use.
This treatment approach uses contingency management principles,
which involve giving patients in drug treatment the chance to earn
low-cost incentives in exchange for drug-free urine samples.
Incentives can include prizes given immediately or vouchers
exchangeable for food items, movie passes, and other personal
goods.
This treatment approach has been effective in increasing treatment
retention and promoting abstinence from drugs.
There have been concerns that this treatment can promote
gambling. However, when investigated the contingency
management therapy did not promote gambling behavior.
6. Motivational Enhancement Therapy (Alcohol,
Marijuana, Nicotine)
MET is a patient centered counseling approach for initiating
behavior change by helping individuals resolve ambivalence about
engaging in treatment and stopping drug use.
MET seeks to increase internal motivation to change in a short
amount of time.
MET includes an initial assessment battery session, followed by 2-4
individual treatment sessions with a therapist.
In the first treatment session, the therapist provides feedback about
the initial assessment battery. Substance use is discussed and the
therapist tries to elicit self-motivational statements. Motivational
interviewing principles are used to strengthen motivation and build
a plan for change. Coping strategies for high-risk situations are
suggested and discussed with the patient.
In sessions 2-4 the therapist monitors change, reviews strategies
being used, and continues to encourage commitment to change or
sustained abstinence.
7. MET has been used successfully with alcoholics to
improve both treatment engagement and treatment
outcomes (e.g., reductions in problem drinking).
MET has also been used successfully with adult
marijuana-dependent individuals in combination
with cognitive-behavioral therapy, comprising a
more comprehensive treatment approach.
MET tends to be more effective for engaging patients
in therapy than for changing actual drug use.
8. The Matrix Model (Stimulants)
The Matrix Model is used to engage stimulant (e.g.,
methamphetamine and cocaine) abusers in treatment and
help stop abusing.
Patients learn about issues critical to addiction and relapse,
receive direction and support from a trained therapist,
become familiar with self-help programs, and are monitored
for drug use through urine testing.
The therapist acts as both a teacher and a coach, and uses this
positive relationship with the patient to promote behavior
change. Therapists should not be confrontational or behave
like a parent. The treatment sessions are conducted with the
purpose of increasing the patient's self-esteem, dignity, and
self-worth.
This relationship is very important in ensuring the patients
retention in therapy.
9. The Matrix Model also incorporates strategies from
relapse prevention, family and group therapy, drug
education, and self-help groups.
The treatment manuals contain worksheets for individual
sessions; other components include family education
groups, early recovery skills groups, relapse prevention
groups, combined sessions, urine tests, 12-step
programs, relapse analysis, and social support groups.
Several studies have shown that patients treated using
the Matrix Model show statistically significant reductions
in drug and alcohol use, improvements in psychological
indicators, and reduced risky sexual behaviors associated
with HIV transmission.
10. 12-Step Facilitation Therapy (Alcohol,
Stimulants, Opiates)
Twelve-step facilitation seeks to improve the chances of a drug addict
becoming actively involved in a 12-step self-help group which promotes
abstinence.
When the patient joins the group it is necessary for them to accept that: 1.
drug addiction is a chronic, progressive disease over which one has no
control, 2. life has become unmanageable because of drugs, 3. willpower
alone cannot overcome the problem, and 4. abstinence is the only
alternative.
The 12-step philosophy states that the individual has to surrender to a
higher power, accept the support structure of other addicts in recovery and
follow the recovery activities laid out by the 12-step program.
The individual must become actively involved in 12-step meetings and
related activities.
The efficacy of 12-step programs (and 12-step facilitation) has only been
demonstrated for alcohol dependence. Currently, research on other drugs is
being conducted.
11. Behavioral Couples Therapy
Behavioral Couples Therapy (BCT) is a therapy for drug
abusers and their significant others.
BCT uses an abstinence contract and behavioral principles to
promote abstinence from drugs and alcohol. It is used as an
add-on to individual and group therapy.
BCT includes 12 weekly couple sessions, lasting approximately
60 minutes each.
Research has shown that BCT works for alcoholic men and
their spouses and with drug-abusing men and women and
their significant others. BCT also has been shown to produce
higher treatment attendance, naltrexone adherence, and rates
of abstinence than individual treatment, along with fewer
drug-related, legal, and family problems at 1-year follow-up.
12. Behavioral Treatments for Adolescents
Therapies created for adults need to be modified so
that they work better for adolescents. Involvement of
the adolescent’s family is critical for adolescent
interventions.
Multisystemic Therapy (MST), Multidimensional
Family Therapy (MDFT) and Brief Strategic Family
Therapy (BSFT) are two family therapies that have
shown promise with adolescents who have substance
abuse addiction.
13. Multisystemic Therapy (MST)
MST targets antisocial behavior in children and adolescents
who abuse alcohol and other drugs.
Some of these behaviors/attitudes are characteristics of the
child or adolescent (e.g., favorable attitudes toward drug use),
the family (poor discipline, family conflict, parental drug
abuse), peers (positive attitudes toward drug use), school
(dropout, poor performance), and neighborhood (criminal
subculture).
MST is an intensive treatment that is conducted in the
environment(home, school, and neighborhood) of the youth.
Because of this most youths and families complete a full
course of treatment.
MST reduces adolescent drug use during treatment and for at
least 6 months after treatment.
14. Multidimensional Family Therapy (MDFT)
MDFT is an outpatient family- based alcohol and drug abuse
treatment for adolescents. Treatment includes individual and
family sessions held in a clinic, in the home, or with family
members at the family court, school, or other community
locations.
MDFT views adolescent drug use in terms of a network of
influences (individual, family, peer, community) and behavior
change must occur in each of those areas.
During individual sessions, the focus is on decision making,
negotiation, and problem solving skills. Sessions with family
members focus on parenting styles, using their influence
productively and in a developmentally appropriate manner.
15. Brief Strategic Family Therapy (BSFT)
BSFT seeks to alter family interactions that maintain or
exacerbate adolescent drug abuse and other co-occurring
problem behaviors. Such problem behaviors include conduct
problems at home and at school, oppositional behavior,
delinquency, associating with antisocial peers, aggressive and
violent behavior, and risky sexual behavior.
BSFT is based on a family systems approach to treatment.
This approach posits that the symptoms of any one member
are a reflection of what else is going on in the family system.
The BSFT counselor must identify the patterns of family
interaction that are associated with the adolescent's behavior
problems and to assist in changing family patterns.
BSFT is flexible and can be adapted to different family
situations in different settings (i.e. mental health clinics, drug
abuse treatment programs, and families' homes).