CBT is an effective treatment for substance abuse disorders. It aims to change maladaptive thoughts like denial or minimization with healthier perspectives. Techniques include identifying triggers and learning coping skills. Research shows CBT works best combined with other therapies or medication. Behavioral therapies can also be effective and include various forms of aversion therapy and covert conditioning based on cognitive behavioral principles. Inpatient treatment is effective for more severe cases and uses structured therapeutic communities or recovery housing. Mutual help support groups allow members to share experiences, coping strategies, and feel less alone in their recovery.

1. NAME: FAREEHA ALTAF
SAP ID: 45517
SUBJECT: THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION
COURSE INSTRUCTOR: DR SHUMAILA
MS1: (SECTION,B)
GROUP: 8

2. TREATING ADDICTION
 Drug addiction can be treated, but it’s not simple. Most patients need long-term or repeated
care to stop using completely and recover their lives. Addiction treatment must help the person
do the following:
• stop using drugs
• stay drug-free
• be productive in the family, at work, and in society

3. PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE
TREATMENT
 Based on scientific research since the mid-1970s, the following key principles should form the basis of
any effective treatment program:
• Addiction is a complex but treatable disease that affects brain function and behavior.
• No single treatment is right for everyone.
• People need to have quick access to treatment.
• Effective treatment addresses all of the patient’s needs, not just their drug use.
• Staying in treatment long enough is critical.
• Counseling and other behavioral therapies are the most commonly used forms of treatment.
• Medications are often an important part of treatment, especially when combined with behavioral
therapies.
• Treatment plans must be reviewed often and modified to fit the patient’s changing needs.
• Treatment should address other possible mental disorders.
• Medically assisted detoxification is only the first stage of treatment.
• Treatment doesn’t need to be voluntary to be effective.
• Drug use during treatment must be monitored continuously.

4. HOW ARE BEHAVIORAL THERAPIES
USED TO TREAT DRUG ADDICTION?
 Behavioral therapies help patients to
• modify their attitudes and behaviors related to drug use.
• increase healthy life skills.
• persist with other forms of treatment, such as medication.
 Patients can receive treatment in many different settings with various approaches.
 Outpatient Behavioral Treatment includes a wide variety of programs for patients who visit a
behavioral health counselor on a regular schedule. Most of the programs involve individual or group drug
counseling, or both. These programs typically offer forms of behavioral therapy such as
• CBT, which helps patients recognize, avoid, and cope with the situations in which they are most likely to
use drugs.
• Multidimensional Family Therapy—developed for adolescents with drug abuse problems as well as
their families—which addresses a range of influences on their drug abuse patterns and is designed to
improve overall family functioning.
• Motivational Interviewing, which makes the most of people’s readiness to change their behavior and
enter treatment.
• Motivational Incentives (Contingency Management), which uses positive reinforcement to encourage
abstinence from drugs.

5. COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
CBT is used to help patients learn how their thought processes
play a role in developing their behavior. Cognitive awareness
helps them to develop new ways of behaving, thus leading to a
change in thinking patterns and emotions.
CBT looks at the habit of smoking cigarettes as a learned
behavior, which later evolves into a coping strategy to handle
daily stressors. Because smoking is often easily accessible,
and quickly allows the user to feel good, it can take
precedence over other coping strategies, and eventually
work its way into everyday life during non-stressful events as
well. CBT aims to target the function of the behavior, as it can
vary between individuals, and works to inject other coping
mechanisms in place of smoking. It also aims to support
individuals suffering from strong cravings, which are a major
reported reason for relapse during treatment.

6.  Cost-Benefit Analysis
 Cost & Benefit analysis is a systematic process for calculating and comparing benefits and costs. This involves making
the list of advantages and disadvantages of using drugs and revaluating drug use overall (Boardman, 2006). This was done by
using a two cell matrix with the advantages and disadvantages of using the drugs within the session. Initially, the patient records
his own view of advantages and disadvantages but with the help of therapist he was able to generate few more significant
advantages and disadvantage. This task was helpful for facilitating the client to generate the new perspective. When the analysis
was successful the patient had a more accurate objective and balanced view of using drug then was previously held. During the
session, the patient was compliant when the therapist asked him to describe the advantages and disadvantages of using drug.
 Daily Thought Record
 Daily thought record was given to separate intrusions from thoughts. This was helpful for the patient to record his thoughts and
get to know the intensity of thoughts before the situation and after the situation. This was also helpful to cope with the thoughts
in the current situation.
 Five Ways of Functional Analysis
 Functional analysis is the stage of cognitive-behavioral therapy that needs to be learned in terms of thoughts and feelings
because it can contribute to the individual's maladaptive responses. It has five ways:

9. CBT to be an effective treatment for substance abuse. for individuals with substance abuse disorders, CBT aims to reframe
maladaptive thoughts, such as denial, minimizing and catastrophizing thought patterns, with healthier narratives. specific
techniques include identifying potential triggers and developing coping mechanisms to manage high-risk situations. research has
shown CBT to be particularly effective when combined with other therapy-based treatments or medication.

10. BEHAVIORAL THERAPIES
 Various forms of aversion therapy have been used in the treatment of addiction to alcohol and other drugs
since 1932. An approach to the treatment of alcohol dependence that has been wrongly characterized as
aversion therapy involves the use of disulfiram a drug that is sometimes used as a second-line treatment
under appropriate medical supervision. When a person drinks even a small amount of alcohol, disulfiram
causes sensitivity involving highly unpleasant reactions, which can be clinically severe. Rather than as an
actual aversion therapy, the nastiness of the disulfiram-alcohol reaction is deployed as a drinking
deterrent for people receiving other forms of therapy who actively wish to be kept in a state of enforced
sobriety (disulfiram is not administered to active drinkers).
 Emetic therapy (chemical) and faradic (electric) aversion therapy have been used to induce aversion
for cocaine dependency. It is unknown whether aversion therapy, in the form of rapid smoking (to
provide an unpleasant stimulus), can help tobacco smokers overcome the urge to smoke.
 Covert conditioning is an approach to mental health treatment that uses the principles of applied
behavioral analysis, or cognitive-behavior therapy (CBTs) to assist people in making improvements in
their behavior or inner experience. The method relies on the person’s capacity to use imagery for
purposes such as mental rehearsal. Effective covert conditioning is said to rely upon careful application
of behavioral treatment principles such as a thorough behavioral analysis. Some clinicians include the
mind’s ability to spontaneously generate imagery that can provide intuitive solutions or even reprocessing
that improves people’s typical reactions to situations or inner material. However, this goes beyond the
behavioristic principles on which covert conditioning is based.
 Inpatient or residential treatment can also be very effective, especially for those with more severe
problems (including co-occurring disorders). Licensed residential treatment facilities offer 24-hour
structured and intensive care, including safe housing and medical attention. Residential treatment
facilities may use a variety of therapeutic approaches, and they are generally aimed at helping the patient
live a drug-free, crime-free lifestyle after treatment. Examples of residential treatment settings include

11. Therapeutic Communities,
which are highly structured programs in which patients remain at a residence, typically for six to 12 months. the entire
community, including treatment staff and those in recovery, act as key agents of change, influencing the patient’s attitudes, understanding, and
behaviors associated with drug use.
Shorter-term Residential Treatment,
which typically focuses on detoxification as well as providing initial intensive counseling and preparation for treatment in a
community-based setting.
Recovery Housing,
which provides supervised, short-term housing for patients, often following other types of inpatient or residential treatment. recovery
housing can help people make the transition to an independent life—for example, helping them learn how to manage finances or seek employment,
as well as connecting them to support services in the community.

12. MUTUAL HELP GROUPS
 In a support group, members provide each other with various types of help, usually nonprofessional and
nonmaterial, for a particular shared, usually burdensome, characteristic. Members with the same issues
can come together for sharing coping strategies, to feel more empowered, and for a sense of community.
The help may take the form of providing and evaluating relevant information, relating personal
experiences, listening to and accepting others’ experiences, providing sympathetic understanding and
establishing social networks. A support group may also work to inform the public or engage in advocacy.
 Membership in some support groups is formally controlled with admission requirements and
membership fees. Other groups are open and allow anyone to attend an advertised meeting, for example,
or to participate in an online forum.
 A self-help support group is fully organized and managed by its members, who are commonly
volunteers and have personal experience in the subject of the group’s focus. These groups may also be
referred to as fellowships, peer support groups, lay organizations, mutual help groups, or mutual aid self-
help groups. Most common are 12-step groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous and self-help groups for
mental health. Alcoholic Anonymous (AA), is a voluntary program for people with alcoholism/AUD,
based on belief on a spiritual basis for recovery. Members attend meeting and experiences are shared and
“Twelve steps towards Recovery” are discussed. Avoiding alcohol and benefits of avoiding alcohol are
discussed. Abstinence is encouraged on a daily or weekly basis.