Investigations were carried out to evaluate the performance and study exhaust emissions of a single cylinder, four–stroke, water cooled, 3.68 k W at a speed of 1500 rpm with medium grade low heat rejection (LHR) combustion chamber with air gap insulated piston with superni (an alloy of nickel) crown and air gap insulated liner with superni insert with different operating conditions [normal temperature and pre-heated temperature] of crude mahua oil with varied injection timing.
Studies on performance parameters and exhaust emissions of crude mahua oil in...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the performance and exhaust emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with crude mahua oil. The study compared a conventional engine to an engine with a medium grade low heat rejection combustion chamber. The LHR chamber included an air gap insulated piston and liner. Testing was conducted at various injection timings and operating conditions of the crude mahua oil, including normal and preheated temperatures. The engine with the LHR chamber showed improved performance, lower smoke and higher NOx emissions compared to the conventional engine operated on crude mahua oil. The optimum injection timing was found to be 30 degrees bTDC for the LHR chamber compared to 32 degrees for the conventional engine.
This document summarizes a study on the influence of injector opening pressure on exhaust emissions in a direct injection diesel engine with three levels of insulation operated on diesel fuel. Experiments were conducted with a conventional engine and engines featuring ceramic coated cylinder heads, air gap insulated pistons and liners, and a combination of the two insulation techniques. Exhaust emissions of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides were measured at varying brake mean effective pressures and injector opening pressures. The insulated combustion chambers showed higher nitrogen oxide emissions than the conventional engine, while particulate emissions were comparable. Increasing the injector opening pressure reduced exhaust emissions for all engine configurations.
Experiments were carried out to study exhaust emissions of diesel engine with low heat
rejection (LHR) combustion chamber with ceramic coated cylinder head [ceramic coating of
thickness 500 microns was done on inside portion of cylinder head] with different operating
conditions [normal temperature and pre–heated temperature] of waste fried vegetable oil based
biodiesel with varied injector opening pressure and injection timing. Conventional engine (CE)
showed deteriorated performance, while engine with LHR combustion chamber showed improved
performance with biodiesel operation at manufacturer’s recommended injection timing of 27o bTDC
(before top dead center) and injector opening pressure of 190 bar. The optimum injection timing was
31o bTDC for CE while it was 30o bTDC with engine with LHR combustion chamber with biodiesel
operation. Smoke levels decreased, while nitrogen oxide levels increased with engine with LHR
combustion chamber its optimized injection timing in comparison with pure diesel operation on CE.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF TWO STROKE SPARK IGNITION EN...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of two stroke single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 20% methanol, by volume) having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on piston crown] and compared with
conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency) were determined with different values of brake mean effective pressure of the engine Copper coated engine (CCE) with methanol blended
gasoline considerably improved the performance in comparison with CE with pure gasoline operation. CCE with methanol blended gasoline increased the brake thermal efficiency, decreased the exhaust gas temperature and
increased the volumetric efficiency.
This document evaluates the performance of a high grade low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine with an insulated piston, insulated liner, and ceramic coated cylinder head. Experiments were conducted using this engine configuration to test performance with crude pongamia oil (CPO) at varying injection pressures and timings. The key findings were:
1) The LHR engine configuration showed improved performance with CPO compared to a conventional engine (CE), with peak brake thermal efficiency increasing by 12% and smoke levels decreasing by 6% for the LHR engine at its optimum injection timing.
2) For both the CE and LHR engines, brake thermal efficiency increased with advanced injection timing and higher injection pressure compared to manufacturer
Comparative study of performance of dual plug and single plug si engine at diffIAEME Publication
The document describes a study that compares the performance of a dual plug spark ignition engine to a single plug engine. The dual plug engine was developed by introducing a second spark plug opposite the first plug. Experiments were conducted at different loads and compression ratios. Results showed the dual plug engine had better thermal efficiency, lower HC and CO emissions, but slightly higher NOx emissions than the single plug engine. The effect of compression ratio on the dual plug engine was also investigated, finding an optimum ratio for best performance and emissions.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The document summarizes a study on the performance of a twin plug spark ignition engine at different ignition timings compared to a single plug engine. The key findings are:
1) The twin plug engine showed improved performance in terms of higher power output, thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption compared to the single plug engine under all ignition timings tested.
2) Emissions of HC and CO were reduced in the twin plug mode of operation due to the more complete combustion from two ignition points and faster flame propagation speeds.
3) Optimum performance was achieved with simultaneous ignition of both plugs at 260 degrees before top dead center, with higher efficiency and ability to use leaner mixtures compared to advanced or ret
Studies on performance parameters and exhaust emissions of crude mahua oil in...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the performance and exhaust emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with crude mahua oil. The study compared a conventional engine to an engine with a medium grade low heat rejection combustion chamber. The LHR chamber included an air gap insulated piston and liner. Testing was conducted at various injection timings and operating conditions of the crude mahua oil, including normal and preheated temperatures. The engine with the LHR chamber showed improved performance, lower smoke and higher NOx emissions compared to the conventional engine operated on crude mahua oil. The optimum injection timing was found to be 30 degrees bTDC for the LHR chamber compared to 32 degrees for the conventional engine.
This document summarizes a study on the influence of injector opening pressure on exhaust emissions in a direct injection diesel engine with three levels of insulation operated on diesel fuel. Experiments were conducted with a conventional engine and engines featuring ceramic coated cylinder heads, air gap insulated pistons and liners, and a combination of the two insulation techniques. Exhaust emissions of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides were measured at varying brake mean effective pressures and injector opening pressures. The insulated combustion chambers showed higher nitrogen oxide emissions than the conventional engine, while particulate emissions were comparable. Increasing the injector opening pressure reduced exhaust emissions for all engine configurations.
Experiments were carried out to study exhaust emissions of diesel engine with low heat
rejection (LHR) combustion chamber with ceramic coated cylinder head [ceramic coating of
thickness 500 microns was done on inside portion of cylinder head] with different operating
conditions [normal temperature and pre–heated temperature] of waste fried vegetable oil based
biodiesel with varied injector opening pressure and injection timing. Conventional engine (CE)
showed deteriorated performance, while engine with LHR combustion chamber showed improved
performance with biodiesel operation at manufacturer’s recommended injection timing of 27o bTDC
(before top dead center) and injector opening pressure of 190 bar. The optimum injection timing was
31o bTDC for CE while it was 30o bTDC with engine with LHR combustion chamber with biodiesel
operation. Smoke levels decreased, while nitrogen oxide levels increased with engine with LHR
combustion chamber its optimized injection timing in comparison with pure diesel operation on CE.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF TWO STROKE SPARK IGNITION EN...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of two stroke single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 20% methanol, by volume) having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on piston crown] and compared with
conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency) were determined with different values of brake mean effective pressure of the engine Copper coated engine (CCE) with methanol blended
gasoline considerably improved the performance in comparison with CE with pure gasoline operation. CCE with methanol blended gasoline increased the brake thermal efficiency, decreased the exhaust gas temperature and
increased the volumetric efficiency.
This document evaluates the performance of a high grade low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine with an insulated piston, insulated liner, and ceramic coated cylinder head. Experiments were conducted using this engine configuration to test performance with crude pongamia oil (CPO) at varying injection pressures and timings. The key findings were:
1) The LHR engine configuration showed improved performance with CPO compared to a conventional engine (CE), with peak brake thermal efficiency increasing by 12% and smoke levels decreasing by 6% for the LHR engine at its optimum injection timing.
2) For both the CE and LHR engines, brake thermal efficiency increased with advanced injection timing and higher injection pressure compared to manufacturer
Comparative study of performance of dual plug and single plug si engine at diffIAEME Publication
The document describes a study that compares the performance of a dual plug spark ignition engine to a single plug engine. The dual plug engine was developed by introducing a second spark plug opposite the first plug. Experiments were conducted at different loads and compression ratios. Results showed the dual plug engine had better thermal efficiency, lower HC and CO emissions, but slightly higher NOx emissions than the single plug engine. The effect of compression ratio on the dual plug engine was also investigated, finding an optimum ratio for best performance and emissions.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The document summarizes a study on the performance of a twin plug spark ignition engine at different ignition timings compared to a single plug engine. The key findings are:
1) The twin plug engine showed improved performance in terms of higher power output, thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption compared to the single plug engine under all ignition timings tested.
2) Emissions of HC and CO were reduced in the twin plug mode of operation due to the more complete combustion from two ignition points and faster flame propagation speeds.
3) Optimum performance was achieved with simultaneous ignition of both plugs at 260 degrees before top dead center, with higher efficiency and ability to use leaner mixtures compared to advanced or ret
Effect of spiral grooves in piston bowl on exhaust emissions of direct inject...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study on the effects of spiral grooves in the piston bowl on exhaust emissions from a direct injection diesel engine. Three spiral grooves were cut into the inner surface of the piston bowl, slightly increasing the bowl diameter. Testing found this modified piston reduced NOx emissions by 8.82% and fuel consumption by 0.1 kg/hour compared to the standard piston at full engine load. Carbon monoxide was also reduced by 7.7%, while exhaust gas temperature decreased by 4.8 degrees Celsius. The spiral grooves enhanced swirling flow in the combustion chamber for better air-fuel mixing, lowering emissions while maintaining brake thermal efficiency.
The document discusses studies on exhaust emissions from a diesel engine with a ceramic coated combustion chamber fueled with mixtures of carbureted methanol and crude jatropha oil. The maximum methanol induction was 50% for the recommended injection timing and 45% for the optimum timing. Exhaust emissions of smoke decreased by 125% and nitrogen oxides decreased by 70% with the engine using the combustion chamber fueled with methanol-oil mixtures compared to crude oil alone. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions increased substantially. Brake thermal efficiency increased up to a methanol level of 35% due to improved combustion but decreased at higher levels due to increased ignition delay.
The document discusses the effect of varying piston bowl geometry and hydrogen addition on the performance and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine. Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine operated with diesel alone and with hydrogen added at various flow rates. Two piston bowl geometries - hemispherical and toroidal - were tested. Results showed that adding hydrogen up to 6 L/min improved brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature, heat release rate, and cylinder pressure compared to diesel alone. The toroidal piston bowl geometry further improved these parameters compared to the standard hemispherical geometry. Above 6 L/min hydrogen flow, knocking was observed due to higher combustion temperatures.
The aim of this study is to investigate a technique to enhance the air swirl to achieve
betterment in engine performance characteristics in a direct injection (DI) single cylinder diesel
engine. A good swirl promotes the fast combustion and improves the efficiency. The engine should
run at low speeds in order to have low mechanical losses and fast combustion, enabling good
combustion efficiency. Therefore to produce high turbulence prior to combustion within the cylinder,
swirl induced by the inlet manifold will be helpful. This paper aims at studying the effect of air swirl
generated by directing the air flow in intake manifold on engine performance. The turbulence is
achieved in the inlet manifold with different types of internal threads of constant pitch. In view this,
experimental investigation has been carried out to find the effect of swirl on the performance
characteristics of the engine, by inducing swirl in inlet manifolds with three different types of
internal threads viz. acme, buttress and knuckle threads of constant pitch. The results indicate that
inlet manifold with buttress threads is identified as optimum configuration based on performance
characteristics of engine. This is because inlet manifold with buttress threads achieved a higher swirl
coefficient and swirl ratio compared with inlet manifold having acme and knuckle threads
This document summarizes a study on controlling aldehyde emissions from a 4-stroke spark ignition engine using methanol-blended gasoline with an improved catalytic converter design. The engine was tested with a conventional combustion chamber and one with a copper coating. Different catalysts including sponge iron and manganese ore were tested in the catalytic converter. Results showed that the copper coated chamber and catalytic converter with air injection reduced aldehyde emissions more effectively than other configurations tested.
Improving the Heat Transfer Rate for Multi Cylinder Engine Piston and Piston ...IOSR Journals
The four stroke otto engine uses just one of the four strokes to perform work. This causes various
problems: The engine runs jerkily, and this can only be prevented by a large flywheel, which needs a lot of
space and weights pretty much in addition. In this thesis, thermal loads and pressures produced in the multi
cylinder petrol engine Toyota 86 Car by varying compression ratios 14:1, 15:1, 18:1, 20:1 and 25:1 are
calculated by mathematical correlations And also calculating the effect of these thermal loads on piston and
piston rings by varying materials Cast Iron, Aluminum Alloy 6061 for piston and Cast Iron and Steel for piston
rings.FEA transient thermal analysis is performed on the parametric model to validate the effect of thermal
loads on piston and piston rings for different materials. The optimum value of compression ratio and the better
material is determined by analysis results to improve the heat transfer rate of multi cylinder engine piston and
piston rings. Dynamic analysis is done on the piston by applying the pressures developed and also static
analysis by applying the maximum pressure.
1) The document investigates the effects of varying intake plenum volume on engine performance, cyclic variability, and emissions.
2) Testing showed that increasing plenum volume improved brake torque and related performance characteristics between 1700-2600 rpm. It also decreased cyclic variability despite making the mixture leaner.
3) Emissions of CO, CO2, and HC were also reduced by increasing plenum volume.
Analysis of-change-in-intake-manifold-length-and-development-of-variable-inta...Mohit Soni
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzed the effects of changing the length of an intake manifold on engine performance. The paper investigated how varying the length of the intake runner in a single-cylinder spark-ignited engine affected brake torque, brake power, brake mean effective pressure, and specific fuel consumption. Simulation software was used to evaluate these parameters at different intake lengths. The simulations found that changing the runner length considerably affected the RPM at which peak torque was obtained. Accordingly, the researchers designed and developed a system to adjust the manifold length using a reciprocating mechanism controlled by a microcontroller and hall effect sensor.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Optimization of Operating Parameters on a Diesel Engine using Grey Relational...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experiment to optimize the operating parameters of a single cylinder diesel engine using Grey Relational Analysis. The performance and emissions of the engine were tested at various loads, fuel injection timings, and fuel injection pressures. Grey Relational Analysis and ANOVA were used to determine the optimal combination of operating parameters. The results showed that the optimal parameter combination was 18A load, 250 degrees bTDC injection timing, and 24 N/mm2 injection pressure. ANOVA analysis found that fuel injection pressure was the most significant factor, contributing 47% to the results.
A Review Paper on Effects of Different Intake Manifold Designs on Diesel Engi...ijsrd.com
One of the objectives of car manufacturers is to improve engine performance, reduce consumption and reduce emissions. To achieve this objective, it is important to understand the phenomena involved in the combustion chambers of engines. There are various factors that influence the engine performance such as compression ratio, atomization of fuel, fuel injection pressure, and quality of fuel, combustion rate, air fuel ratio, intake temperature and pressure and also based on piston design, inlet manifold, and combustion chamber designs etc. Geometrical design of intake manifold is one such method for the better performance of an I.C. Engine. Air swirl motion in CI engine influences the atomization and distribution of fuel injected in the combustion chamber. Intake manifolds provides Air motion to the chamber. So, to get the maximum output with the least input on Diesel engine researchers are experimentally and computationally working on construction of the intake manifold configurations for increase in engine performance and reduction of Exhaust Emissions. In this paper i have studied few papers and also gone through basics of my topic from various books to understand the phenomena.
1. The document analyzes and compares the thermo-mechanical and vibration properties of an internal combustion engine piston made from three different materials (structural steel, cast iron, and aluminum alloy A2618) under static loading conditions using finite element analysis software ANSYS.
2. Von Mises stresses, strains, heat flux, and natural frequencies are calculated and compared for pistons made of each material. The structural steel piston experiences the highest von Mises stresses and strains while the aluminum alloy piston experiences the lowest values.
3. Material properties such as Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, density, coefficient of thermal expansion, and shear modulus are provided for each material to be used as inputs for the finite
1) The document describes a study investigating the effects of variable intake plenum length on the performance of a spark-ignition engine with electronically controlled fuel injectors.
2) Engine tests were conducted with additional plenum lengths of 16mm, 32mm, 48mm, and 64mm added to the original intake manifold.
3) The results showed that a 32mm plenum extension improved engine thermal efficiency, especially at lower engine speeds up to 3000rpm, while also reducing fuel consumption at high loads and low speeds.
This document summarizes a research paper that studied the effects of adding dimples to a diesel engine cylinder head to enhance air swirl and improve engine performance. The researchers modified a single cylinder diesel engine by machining oval-shaped dimples into the cylinder head, creating heads with 1 dimple and 3 dimples. Testing showed that the dimpled heads increased swirl ratio and coefficient compared to the normal head. Specifically, the 3-dimple head improved brake thermal efficiency by 4.6% over the normal head at 3/4 rated load. The enhanced swirl from the dimples improved fuel-air mixing and combustion, demonstrating dimples can be a simple way to boost engine performance.
This document investigates the effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) while adopting different air filters on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine. Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine running with various air filters (AFM1-AFM4) at different EGR levels of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency and emissions such as CO, CO2, NOx, UBHC, O2, and smoke were measured and the results are presented and discussed. The findings show that brake thermal efficiency decreased with increasing EGR levels for all air filters. EGR is found to be effective in reducing NOx emissions but increases CO and UHC emissions.
INFLUENCE OF INJECTOR OPENING PRESSURE ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS IN DI DIESEL ENGI...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to study exhaust emissions of direct injection (DI) diesel engine with different levels of low heat rejection (LHR) combustion chamber such as i) ceramic coated cylinder head, ii) air gap insulated piston and air gap insulated liner and iii) ceramic coated cylinder head along with air gap insulation with pure diesel operation with varied injector opening pressure.Exhaust emissions of particulate emissions and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were determined at various
values of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of the engine. Particulate emissions were measured by AVL Smoke meter, while NOx by Netel Chromatograph NOx analyzer
STUDIES ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS FROM CERAMIC COATED DIESEL ENGINE WITH WASTE FRI...IAEME Publication
Experiments were carried out to study exhaust emissions of diesel engine with low heat
rejection (LHR) combustion chamber with ceramic coated cylinder head [ceramic coating of
thickness 500 microns was done on inside portion of cylinder head] with different operating
conditions [normal temperature and pre–heated temperature] of waste fried vegetable oil based
biodiesel with varied injector opening pressure and injection timing. Conventional engine (CE)
showed deteriorated performance, while engine with LHR combustion chamber showed improved
performance with biodiesel operation at manufacturer’s recommended injection timing of 27o bTDC
(before top dead center) and injector opening pressure of 190 bar.
The document summarizes a study on the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine with a low heat rejection combustion chamber that has a ceramic-coated cylinder head. The engine was tested using waste fried vegetable oil-based biodiesel under different operating conditions, including normal and pre-heated biodiesel temperatures as well as varied injector opening pressures and injection timings. The conventional engine showed deteriorated performance with biodiesel, while the engine with the low heat rejection combustion chamber showed improved performance at the manufacturer's recommended injection settings. Smoke levels decreased and nitrogen oxide levels increased for the engine with the low heat rejection combustion chamber compared to operation of the conventional engine on pure diesel fuel.
STUDIES ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF CERAMIC COATED DI DIESEL ENGINE FUELLED WITH ...IAEME Publication
- The study examined exhaust emissions from a diesel engine with a ceramic-coated cylinder head (low-grade low heat rejection combustion chamber) fueled with cottonseed biodiesel under various operating conditions.
- Particulate emissions decreased and NOx levels increased with the low heat rejection combustion chamber compared to a conventional engine, due to improved combustion. Biodiesel also reduced particulate emissions but increased NOx levels over diesel.
- Preheating the biodiesel reduced both particulate emissions and NOx emissions in both combustion chamber types by improving fuel properties. Higher injector opening pressure generally improved emissions by enhancing atomization and air-fuel mixing.
STUDIES ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF DIESEL ENGINE WITH CERAMIC COATED COMBUSTION ...IAEME Publication
Vegetable oils and alcohols (methanol and methanol) are important substitutes for diesel fuel as they are renewable in nature. However drawbacks associated with vegetable oils (high viscosity and low volatility) and alcohols (low cetane number) call for engine with hot combustion chamber with its significance characteristics of higher operating temperature, maximum heat release, higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and ability to handle the lower calorific value fuel. Methanol was inducted into the engine through a variable jet carburetor, installed at the inlet manifold of the engine at different percentages of crude vegetable oil at full load operation on mass basis. Crude vegetable oil was injected at near end of compression stroke
Comparative Performance of Crude Pongamia Oil in A Low Heat Rejection Diesel ...IOSR Journals
- The document evaluates the performance of a low heat rejection diesel engine with a ceramic coated cylinder head operating on crude Pongamia oil.
- Experiments were conducted with normal and pre-heated temperatures of crude Pongamia oil at varied injection pressures and timings.
- The conventional engine showed deteriorated performance with crude Pongamia oil compared to diesel, while the low heat rejection engine showed improved performance due to its hot combustion chamber. Performance was further improved with advanced injection timing and higher injection pressure.
Effect of spiral grooves in piston bowl on exhaust emissions of direct inject...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study on the effects of spiral grooves in the piston bowl on exhaust emissions from a direct injection diesel engine. Three spiral grooves were cut into the inner surface of the piston bowl, slightly increasing the bowl diameter. Testing found this modified piston reduced NOx emissions by 8.82% and fuel consumption by 0.1 kg/hour compared to the standard piston at full engine load. Carbon monoxide was also reduced by 7.7%, while exhaust gas temperature decreased by 4.8 degrees Celsius. The spiral grooves enhanced swirling flow in the combustion chamber for better air-fuel mixing, lowering emissions while maintaining brake thermal efficiency.
The document discusses studies on exhaust emissions from a diesel engine with a ceramic coated combustion chamber fueled with mixtures of carbureted methanol and crude jatropha oil. The maximum methanol induction was 50% for the recommended injection timing and 45% for the optimum timing. Exhaust emissions of smoke decreased by 125% and nitrogen oxides decreased by 70% with the engine using the combustion chamber fueled with methanol-oil mixtures compared to crude oil alone. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions increased substantially. Brake thermal efficiency increased up to a methanol level of 35% due to improved combustion but decreased at higher levels due to increased ignition delay.
The document discusses the effect of varying piston bowl geometry and hydrogen addition on the performance and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine. Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine operated with diesel alone and with hydrogen added at various flow rates. Two piston bowl geometries - hemispherical and toroidal - were tested. Results showed that adding hydrogen up to 6 L/min improved brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature, heat release rate, and cylinder pressure compared to diesel alone. The toroidal piston bowl geometry further improved these parameters compared to the standard hemispherical geometry. Above 6 L/min hydrogen flow, knocking was observed due to higher combustion temperatures.
The aim of this study is to investigate a technique to enhance the air swirl to achieve
betterment in engine performance characteristics in a direct injection (DI) single cylinder diesel
engine. A good swirl promotes the fast combustion and improves the efficiency. The engine should
run at low speeds in order to have low mechanical losses and fast combustion, enabling good
combustion efficiency. Therefore to produce high turbulence prior to combustion within the cylinder,
swirl induced by the inlet manifold will be helpful. This paper aims at studying the effect of air swirl
generated by directing the air flow in intake manifold on engine performance. The turbulence is
achieved in the inlet manifold with different types of internal threads of constant pitch. In view this,
experimental investigation has been carried out to find the effect of swirl on the performance
characteristics of the engine, by inducing swirl in inlet manifolds with three different types of
internal threads viz. acme, buttress and knuckle threads of constant pitch. The results indicate that
inlet manifold with buttress threads is identified as optimum configuration based on performance
characteristics of engine. This is because inlet manifold with buttress threads achieved a higher swirl
coefficient and swirl ratio compared with inlet manifold having acme and knuckle threads
This document summarizes a study on controlling aldehyde emissions from a 4-stroke spark ignition engine using methanol-blended gasoline with an improved catalytic converter design. The engine was tested with a conventional combustion chamber and one with a copper coating. Different catalysts including sponge iron and manganese ore were tested in the catalytic converter. Results showed that the copper coated chamber and catalytic converter with air injection reduced aldehyde emissions more effectively than other configurations tested.
Improving the Heat Transfer Rate for Multi Cylinder Engine Piston and Piston ...IOSR Journals
The four stroke otto engine uses just one of the four strokes to perform work. This causes various
problems: The engine runs jerkily, and this can only be prevented by a large flywheel, which needs a lot of
space and weights pretty much in addition. In this thesis, thermal loads and pressures produced in the multi
cylinder petrol engine Toyota 86 Car by varying compression ratios 14:1, 15:1, 18:1, 20:1 and 25:1 are
calculated by mathematical correlations And also calculating the effect of these thermal loads on piston and
piston rings by varying materials Cast Iron, Aluminum Alloy 6061 for piston and Cast Iron and Steel for piston
rings.FEA transient thermal analysis is performed on the parametric model to validate the effect of thermal
loads on piston and piston rings for different materials. The optimum value of compression ratio and the better
material is determined by analysis results to improve the heat transfer rate of multi cylinder engine piston and
piston rings. Dynamic analysis is done on the piston by applying the pressures developed and also static
analysis by applying the maximum pressure.
1) The document investigates the effects of varying intake plenum volume on engine performance, cyclic variability, and emissions.
2) Testing showed that increasing plenum volume improved brake torque and related performance characteristics between 1700-2600 rpm. It also decreased cyclic variability despite making the mixture leaner.
3) Emissions of CO, CO2, and HC were also reduced by increasing plenum volume.
Analysis of-change-in-intake-manifold-length-and-development-of-variable-inta...Mohit Soni
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzed the effects of changing the length of an intake manifold on engine performance. The paper investigated how varying the length of the intake runner in a single-cylinder spark-ignited engine affected brake torque, brake power, brake mean effective pressure, and specific fuel consumption. Simulation software was used to evaluate these parameters at different intake lengths. The simulations found that changing the runner length considerably affected the RPM at which peak torque was obtained. Accordingly, the researchers designed and developed a system to adjust the manifold length using a reciprocating mechanism controlled by a microcontroller and hall effect sensor.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Optimization of Operating Parameters on a Diesel Engine using Grey Relational...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experiment to optimize the operating parameters of a single cylinder diesel engine using Grey Relational Analysis. The performance and emissions of the engine were tested at various loads, fuel injection timings, and fuel injection pressures. Grey Relational Analysis and ANOVA were used to determine the optimal combination of operating parameters. The results showed that the optimal parameter combination was 18A load, 250 degrees bTDC injection timing, and 24 N/mm2 injection pressure. ANOVA analysis found that fuel injection pressure was the most significant factor, contributing 47% to the results.
A Review Paper on Effects of Different Intake Manifold Designs on Diesel Engi...ijsrd.com
One of the objectives of car manufacturers is to improve engine performance, reduce consumption and reduce emissions. To achieve this objective, it is important to understand the phenomena involved in the combustion chambers of engines. There are various factors that influence the engine performance such as compression ratio, atomization of fuel, fuel injection pressure, and quality of fuel, combustion rate, air fuel ratio, intake temperature and pressure and also based on piston design, inlet manifold, and combustion chamber designs etc. Geometrical design of intake manifold is one such method for the better performance of an I.C. Engine. Air swirl motion in CI engine influences the atomization and distribution of fuel injected in the combustion chamber. Intake manifolds provides Air motion to the chamber. So, to get the maximum output with the least input on Diesel engine researchers are experimentally and computationally working on construction of the intake manifold configurations for increase in engine performance and reduction of Exhaust Emissions. In this paper i have studied few papers and also gone through basics of my topic from various books to understand the phenomena.
1. The document analyzes and compares the thermo-mechanical and vibration properties of an internal combustion engine piston made from three different materials (structural steel, cast iron, and aluminum alloy A2618) under static loading conditions using finite element analysis software ANSYS.
2. Von Mises stresses, strains, heat flux, and natural frequencies are calculated and compared for pistons made of each material. The structural steel piston experiences the highest von Mises stresses and strains while the aluminum alloy piston experiences the lowest values.
3. Material properties such as Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, density, coefficient of thermal expansion, and shear modulus are provided for each material to be used as inputs for the finite
1) The document describes a study investigating the effects of variable intake plenum length on the performance of a spark-ignition engine with electronically controlled fuel injectors.
2) Engine tests were conducted with additional plenum lengths of 16mm, 32mm, 48mm, and 64mm added to the original intake manifold.
3) The results showed that a 32mm plenum extension improved engine thermal efficiency, especially at lower engine speeds up to 3000rpm, while also reducing fuel consumption at high loads and low speeds.
This document summarizes a research paper that studied the effects of adding dimples to a diesel engine cylinder head to enhance air swirl and improve engine performance. The researchers modified a single cylinder diesel engine by machining oval-shaped dimples into the cylinder head, creating heads with 1 dimple and 3 dimples. Testing showed that the dimpled heads increased swirl ratio and coefficient compared to the normal head. Specifically, the 3-dimple head improved brake thermal efficiency by 4.6% over the normal head at 3/4 rated load. The enhanced swirl from the dimples improved fuel-air mixing and combustion, demonstrating dimples can be a simple way to boost engine performance.
This document investigates the effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) while adopting different air filters on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine. Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine running with various air filters (AFM1-AFM4) at different EGR levels of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency and emissions such as CO, CO2, NOx, UBHC, O2, and smoke were measured and the results are presented and discussed. The findings show that brake thermal efficiency decreased with increasing EGR levels for all air filters. EGR is found to be effective in reducing NOx emissions but increases CO and UHC emissions.
INFLUENCE OF INJECTOR OPENING PRESSURE ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS IN DI DIESEL ENGI...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to study exhaust emissions of direct injection (DI) diesel engine with different levels of low heat rejection (LHR) combustion chamber such as i) ceramic coated cylinder head, ii) air gap insulated piston and air gap insulated liner and iii) ceramic coated cylinder head along with air gap insulation with pure diesel operation with varied injector opening pressure.Exhaust emissions of particulate emissions and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were determined at various
values of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of the engine. Particulate emissions were measured by AVL Smoke meter, while NOx by Netel Chromatograph NOx analyzer
STUDIES ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS FROM CERAMIC COATED DIESEL ENGINE WITH WASTE FRI...IAEME Publication
Experiments were carried out to study exhaust emissions of diesel engine with low heat
rejection (LHR) combustion chamber with ceramic coated cylinder head [ceramic coating of
thickness 500 microns was done on inside portion of cylinder head] with different operating
conditions [normal temperature and pre–heated temperature] of waste fried vegetable oil based
biodiesel with varied injector opening pressure and injection timing. Conventional engine (CE)
showed deteriorated performance, while engine with LHR combustion chamber showed improved
performance with biodiesel operation at manufacturer’s recommended injection timing of 27o bTDC
(before top dead center) and injector opening pressure of 190 bar.
The document summarizes a study on the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine with a low heat rejection combustion chamber that has a ceramic-coated cylinder head. The engine was tested using waste fried vegetable oil-based biodiesel under different operating conditions, including normal and pre-heated biodiesel temperatures as well as varied injector opening pressures and injection timings. The conventional engine showed deteriorated performance with biodiesel, while the engine with the low heat rejection combustion chamber showed improved performance at the manufacturer's recommended injection settings. Smoke levels decreased and nitrogen oxide levels increased for the engine with the low heat rejection combustion chamber compared to operation of the conventional engine on pure diesel fuel.
STUDIES ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF CERAMIC COATED DI DIESEL ENGINE FUELLED WITH ...IAEME Publication
- The study examined exhaust emissions from a diesel engine with a ceramic-coated cylinder head (low-grade low heat rejection combustion chamber) fueled with cottonseed biodiesel under various operating conditions.
- Particulate emissions decreased and NOx levels increased with the low heat rejection combustion chamber compared to a conventional engine, due to improved combustion. Biodiesel also reduced particulate emissions but increased NOx levels over diesel.
- Preheating the biodiesel reduced both particulate emissions and NOx emissions in both combustion chamber types by improving fuel properties. Higher injector opening pressure generally improved emissions by enhancing atomization and air-fuel mixing.
STUDIES ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF DIESEL ENGINE WITH CERAMIC COATED COMBUSTION ...IAEME Publication
Vegetable oils and alcohols (methanol and methanol) are important substitutes for diesel fuel as they are renewable in nature. However drawbacks associated with vegetable oils (high viscosity and low volatility) and alcohols (low cetane number) call for engine with hot combustion chamber with its significance characteristics of higher operating temperature, maximum heat release, higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and ability to handle the lower calorific value fuel. Methanol was inducted into the engine through a variable jet carburetor, installed at the inlet manifold of the engine at different percentages of crude vegetable oil at full load operation on mass basis. Crude vegetable oil was injected at near end of compression stroke
Comparative Performance of Crude Pongamia Oil in A Low Heat Rejection Diesel ...IOSR Journals
- The document evaluates the performance of a low heat rejection diesel engine with a ceramic coated cylinder head operating on crude Pongamia oil.
- Experiments were conducted with normal and pre-heated temperatures of crude Pongamia oil at varied injection pressures and timings.
- The conventional engine showed deteriorated performance with crude Pongamia oil compared to diesel, while the low heat rejection engine showed improved performance due to its hot combustion chamber. Performance was further improved with advanced injection timing and higher injection pressure.
Studies on exhaust emissions of ceramic coated di diesel engine fuelled with ...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes a study on the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine with a ceramic coated cylinder head fueled with cotton seed biodiesel. The study investigated exhaust emissions under different operating conditions, including normal and pre-heated biodiesel temperatures, varied injector opening pressures and injection timings. Particulate and NOx emissions were evaluated at different brake mean effective pressures and compared to a conventional engine fueled with biodiesel and mineral diesel under similar operating conditions. The results showed that particulate emissions decreased while NOx levels increased for the engine with the low-heat rejection combustion chamber compared to the conventional engine when fueled with biodiesel.
CONTROL OF EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF TWO STROKE AND FOUR STROKE COPPER COATED SPAR...IAEME Publication
Alcohols are important substitutes for gasoline, as their properties are comparable to gasoline. They are renewable in nature. Investigations were carried out to determine exhaust emissions of two stroke and four stroke of single cylinder, spark ignition (SI)engine having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on piston crown and inner side of cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with copper as catalyst with methanol blended gasoline (80% gasoline and 20% methanol by volume) and compared with conventional engine (CE) with neat gasoline operation. Carbon monoxide (CO) and un-burnt hydrocarbons (UBHC) are the exhaust emissions from SI engine. Breathing of these emissions causes human hazards and also they cause environmental disorders. Hence control of these emissions is an urgent task. Exhaust emissions were varied with different values of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). The engine was provided with catalytic converter with copper as catalyst. There was provision for injection of air into the catalytic converter. CCE showed improvement in the pollutants when compared with CE with both test fuels. Four-Stroke engine decreased exhaust emissions effectively in comparison with two-stroke engine with both versions of the engine. Catalytic converter with air injection significantly reduced pollutants with different test fuels on both configurations of the engine.
Analysis of turbocharger performance for jet assisted vertical takeoff and la...Ijrdt Journal
This paper gives a brief analysis on the performance parameters of a Turbocharger, by fabricating a separate combustion chamber and mocking the working of a jet engine. Parameters such as variation of specific heat, dimensionless flow parameters, variation of turbulence, conductivity, thrust developed etc are studied using simulation of the model, and compared with the actual working of the prototype. It can be conveniently proposed from the experiment that turbocharger can be used effectively for developing vertical take-off assist.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
The document experimentally investigates the effect of air swirl on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with karanja biodiesel (K20). Three piston configurations with different numbers of elliptical grooves (3, 6, and 9 grooves) were tested and compared to a normal piston. The results showed that the 6-groove piston configuration (GP2) improved brake thermal efficiency by 6.9%, reduced brake specific fuel consumption by 8.8%, decreased ignition delay by 7.3%, and lowered smoke, NOx, HC, and CO emissions compared to the normal piston at 3/4 rated load. The performance enhancements are attributed to better fuel-air mixing and more complete combustion resulting
EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION AND COMBUSTION CHAMBER GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION OF DIESE...IAEME Publication
Compression ignition diesel engines are very popular both in stationary and mobile applications. These engines find large applications because of their higher compression ratios,
robustness in design and higher thermal efficiencies. Air is sucked in to the chamber when the piston moves from TDC to BDC through the intake manifold during suction stroke. The fuel in atomized form is sprayed onto the compressed air in the chamber
STUDIES ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF A FOUR-STROKE COPPER COATED SPARK IGNITION EN...IAEME Publication
Comparative studies were made on exhaust emissions of a four stroke, single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with gasohol having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 µ) coated on piston crown, inner portion of cylinder head] provided with improved design of catalytic
converter with sponge iron as catalyst and compared with conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and un-burnt hydro carbons (UBHC) were determined at various values of brake mean effective pressure
This document summarizes a study on exhaust emissions from a four-stroke spark ignition engine operating on gasohol (ethanol blended with gasoline) with two different engine configurations: a conventional engine and one with a copper-coated combustion chamber. The engine was tested with and without an improved design of catalytic converter that used inexpensive sponge iron as the catalyst. Exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons were measured at various engine loads. The copper-coated engine configuration and use of the catalytic converter both reduced exhaust pollutants compared to the conventional engine operating on pure gasoline without a catalytic converter. Further reductions were seen when air was injected into the catalytic converter.
STUDIES ON CONTROL OF ALDEHYDES FROM FOUR STROKE COPPER COATED SPARK IGNITION...IAEME Publication
Investigations were carried out to study aldehyde emissions (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) of a variable speed, variable compression ratio, four–stroke, single–cylinder, spark ignition
(SI)engine having copper coated engine [CCE, copper–(thickness, 300 µ) coated on piston crown and inner side of cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with different catalysts of sponge iron and manganese ore with methanol blended gasoline (80% gasoline and 20% methanol by volume) and compared with conventional engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Dinitrophenyl hydrazine
(DNPH) method was employed for measuring aldehydes.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
1) The document evaluates the performance of a medium grade low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine operating on Mohr oil in its crude form and biodiesel form.
2) Key findings include the LHR engine showing improved brake thermal efficiency, decreased smoke levels, and increased NOx emissions compared to a conventional engine when operating on Mohr oil biodiesel. The optimum injection timing was also earlier for the LHR engine.
3) Performance was further improved for both the conventional and LHR engines when the Mohr oil biodiesel was preheated to reduce its viscosity before use.
Theoritical investigations of injection pressure in a four stroke di diesel e...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a theoretical investigation of injection pressure in a four-stroke diesel engine using alcohol as a fuel. The study aims to determine an injection pressure for alcohol that provides performance close to diesel fuel. A computer program is used to model engine performance with diesel and varying injection pressures of alcohol. Theoretical results found that an injection pressure of 165 bars for alcohol yielded higher brake thermal efficiency similar to diesel fuel. This pressure is selected for further experimental validation.
This document analyzes the performance of a two-stroke petrol engine by varying the main jet diameter of the carburetor. The researchers tested a single-cylinder two-stroke engine on an experimental test rig under various loads and gear ratios. They measured factors like fuel consumption time, temperatures, and engine speed when running the engine with different sized main jets of 85, 90, and 95 at loads of 0kg, 5kg, and 10kg. Their results showed that each main jet size performed best under certain load and gear conditions, with smaller jets giving better results at higher loads and gears.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE CYLINDER (DI) DIESEL ENGINE BY AIR SWIRL INDUC...IAEME Publication
The aim of this study is to investigate a technique to enhance the air swirl to achieve betterment in engine performance characteristics in a direct injection (DI) single cylinder diesel
engine. A good swirl promotes the fast combustion and improves the efficiency. The engine should run at low speeds in order to have low mechanical losses and fast combustion, enabling good combustion efficiency. Therefore to produce high turbulence prior to combustion within the cylinder,
swirl induced by the inlet manifold will be helpful
The document discusses the effect of turbocharging on the volumetric efficiency of an insulated direct injection diesel engine fueled with alcohol. Volumetric efficiency drops in insulated engines due to higher combustion chamber temperatures. To compensate for this, the engine was turbocharged to raise intake boost pressure. Testing showed that a boost pressure of 790 mmHg optimized volumetric efficiency and improved brake thermal efficiency by up to 4.3% over the insulated engine alone. Turbocharging also reduced ignition delay, exhaust smoke, and increased peak pressure while only marginally raising exhaust temperatures. The results indicate turbocharging can improve performance of insulated alcohol-fueled diesel engines.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Similar to STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF CRUDE MAHUA OIL IN MEDIUM GRADE LOW HEAT REJECTION DIESEL ENGINE (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdfBalvir Singh
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mogul Emperor
Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
eleven years old when he became 6th Guru.
• As ordered by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, he put on two swords, one indicated his spiritual
authority (PIRI) and the other, his temporal authority (MIRI). He thus for the first time
initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days
3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2024)GiselleginaGloria
3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2024) will act as a major forum for the presentation of innovative ideas, approaches, developments, and research projects in the area advanced Artificial Intelligence. It will also serve to facilitate the exchange of information between researchers and industry professionals to discuss the latest issues and advancement in the research area. Core areas of AI and advanced multi-disciplinary and its applications will be covered during the conferences.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
Tools & Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV Systems W-Animations ...Transcat
Join us for this solutions-based webinar on the tools and techniques for commissioning and maintaining PV Systems. In this session, we'll review the process of building and maintaining a solar array, starting with installation and commissioning, then reviewing operations and maintenance of the system. This course will review insulation resistance testing, I-V curve testing, earth-bond continuity, ground resistance testing, performance tests, visual inspections, ground and arc fault testing procedures, and power quality analysis.
Fluke Solar Application Specialist Will White is presenting on this engaging topic:
Will has worked in the renewable energy industry since 2005, first as an installer for a small east coast solar integrator before adding sales, design, and project management to his skillset. In 2022, Will joined Fluke as a solar application specialist, where he supports their renewable energy testing equipment like IV-curve tracers, electrical meters, and thermal imaging cameras. Experienced in wind power, solar thermal, energy storage, and all scales of PV, Will has primarily focused on residential and small commercial systems. He is passionate about implementing high-quality, code-compliant installation techniques.
ELS: 2.4.1 POWER ELECTRONICS Course objectives: This course will enable stude...Kuvempu University
Introduction - Applications of Power Electronics, Power Semiconductor Devices, Control Characteristics of Power Devices, types of Power Electronic Circuits. Power Transistors: Power BJTs: Steady state characteristics. Power MOSFETs: device operation, switching characteristics, IGBTs: device operation, output and transfer characteristics.
Thyristors - Introduction, Principle of Operation of SCR, Static Anode- Cathode Characteristics of SCR, Two transistor model of SCR, Gate Characteristics of SCR, Turn-ON Methods, Turn-OFF Mechanism, Turn-OFF Methods: Natural and Forced Commutation – Class A and Class B types, Gate Trigger Circuit: Resistance Firing Circuit, Resistance capacitance firing circuit.
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
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Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.