Comparative studies were made on exhaust emissions of a four stroke, single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with gasohol having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 µ) coated on piston crown, inner portion of cylinder head] provided with improved design of catalytic
converter with sponge iron as catalyst and compared with conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and un-burnt hydro carbons (UBHC) were determined at various values of brake mean effective pressure
This document summarizes a study on controlling aldehyde emissions from a 4-stroke spark ignition engine using methanol-blended gasoline with an improved catalytic converter design. The engine was tested with a conventional combustion chamber and one with a copper coating. Different catalysts including sponge iron and manganese ore were tested in the catalytic converter. Results showed that the copper coated chamber and catalytic converter with air injection reduced aldehyde emissions more effectively than other configurations tested.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF TWO STROKE SPARK IGNITION EN...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of two stroke single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 20% methanol, by volume) having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on piston crown] and compared with
conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency) were determined with different values of brake mean effective pressure of the engine Copper coated engine (CCE) with methanol blended
gasoline considerably improved the performance in comparison with CE with pure gasoline operation. CCE with methanol blended gasoline increased the brake thermal efficiency, decreased the exhaust gas temperature and
increased the volumetric efficiency.
Comparative study of performance of dual plug and single plug si engine at diffIAEME Publication
The document describes a study that compares the performance of a dual plug spark ignition engine to a single plug engine. The dual plug engine was developed by introducing a second spark plug opposite the first plug. Experiments were conducted at different loads and compression ratios. Results showed the dual plug engine had better thermal efficiency, lower HC and CO emissions, but slightly higher NOx emissions than the single plug engine. The effect of compression ratio on the dual plug engine was also investigated, finding an optimum ratio for best performance and emissions.
Studies on exhaust emissions of ceramic coated di diesel engine fuelled with ...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes a study on the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine with a ceramic coated cylinder head fueled with cotton seed biodiesel. The study investigated exhaust emissions under different operating conditions, including normal and pre-heated biodiesel temperatures, varied injector opening pressures and injection timings. Particulate and NOx emissions were evaluated at different brake mean effective pressures and compared to a conventional engine fueled with biodiesel and mineral diesel under similar operating conditions. The results showed that particulate emissions decreased while NOx levels increased for the engine with the low-heat rejection combustion chamber compared to the conventional engine when fueled with biodiesel.
This document summarizes an experimental study on reducing oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions in a single cylinder diesel engine converted to run in dual fuel mode with compressed natural gas (CNG). Experiments were conducted with varying CNG substitution levels, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates, and fuel injection pressures. The results show that NOx emissions increased with higher CNG substitution levels but decreased with higher EGR rates and injection pressures. Increasing injection pressure was more effective at reducing NOx emissions while maintaining brake thermal efficiency compared to increasing EGR. The study aims to determine effective ways to control NOx emissions from a diesel engine operating in dual fuel mode with CNG.
This document summarizes a study on the influence of injector opening pressure on exhaust emissions in a direct injection diesel engine with three levels of insulation operated on diesel fuel. Experiments were conducted with a conventional engine and engines featuring ceramic coated cylinder heads, air gap insulated pistons and liners, and a combination of the two insulation techniques. Exhaust emissions of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides were measured at varying brake mean effective pressures and injector opening pressures. The insulated combustion chambers showed higher nitrogen oxide emissions than the conventional engine, while particulate emissions were comparable. Increasing the injector opening pressure reduced exhaust emissions for all engine configurations.
CONTROL OF POLLUTANTS WITH CATALYTIC CONVERTER AND COPPER COATED CYLINDER HEA...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to evaluate and control the exhaust emissions from two stroke single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 20% methanol, by volume) having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on inner surface of the cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron and manganese ore as as catalysts and compared with conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation
This document summarizes a study on controlling aldehyde emissions from a 4-stroke spark ignition engine using methanol-blended gasoline with an improved catalytic converter design. The engine was tested with a conventional combustion chamber and one with a copper coating. Different catalysts including sponge iron and manganese ore were tested in the catalytic converter. Results showed that the copper coated chamber and catalytic converter with air injection reduced aldehyde emissions more effectively than other configurations tested.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF TWO STROKE SPARK IGNITION EN...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of two stroke single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 20% methanol, by volume) having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on piston crown] and compared with
conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency) were determined with different values of brake mean effective pressure of the engine Copper coated engine (CCE) with methanol blended
gasoline considerably improved the performance in comparison with CE with pure gasoline operation. CCE with methanol blended gasoline increased the brake thermal efficiency, decreased the exhaust gas temperature and
increased the volumetric efficiency.
Comparative study of performance of dual plug and single plug si engine at diffIAEME Publication
The document describes a study that compares the performance of a dual plug spark ignition engine to a single plug engine. The dual plug engine was developed by introducing a second spark plug opposite the first plug. Experiments were conducted at different loads and compression ratios. Results showed the dual plug engine had better thermal efficiency, lower HC and CO emissions, but slightly higher NOx emissions than the single plug engine. The effect of compression ratio on the dual plug engine was also investigated, finding an optimum ratio for best performance and emissions.
Studies on exhaust emissions of ceramic coated di diesel engine fuelled with ...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes a study on the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine with a ceramic coated cylinder head fueled with cotton seed biodiesel. The study investigated exhaust emissions under different operating conditions, including normal and pre-heated biodiesel temperatures, varied injector opening pressures and injection timings. Particulate and NOx emissions were evaluated at different brake mean effective pressures and compared to a conventional engine fueled with biodiesel and mineral diesel under similar operating conditions. The results showed that particulate emissions decreased while NOx levels increased for the engine with the low-heat rejection combustion chamber compared to the conventional engine when fueled with biodiesel.
This document summarizes an experimental study on reducing oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions in a single cylinder diesel engine converted to run in dual fuel mode with compressed natural gas (CNG). Experiments were conducted with varying CNG substitution levels, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates, and fuel injection pressures. The results show that NOx emissions increased with higher CNG substitution levels but decreased with higher EGR rates and injection pressures. Increasing injection pressure was more effective at reducing NOx emissions while maintaining brake thermal efficiency compared to increasing EGR. The study aims to determine effective ways to control NOx emissions from a diesel engine operating in dual fuel mode with CNG.
This document summarizes a study on the influence of injector opening pressure on exhaust emissions in a direct injection diesel engine with three levels of insulation operated on diesel fuel. Experiments were conducted with a conventional engine and engines featuring ceramic coated cylinder heads, air gap insulated pistons and liners, and a combination of the two insulation techniques. Exhaust emissions of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides were measured at varying brake mean effective pressures and injector opening pressures. The insulated combustion chambers showed higher nitrogen oxide emissions than the conventional engine, while particulate emissions were comparable. Increasing the injector opening pressure reduced exhaust emissions for all engine configurations.
CONTROL OF POLLUTANTS WITH CATALYTIC CONVERTER AND COPPER COATED CYLINDER HEA...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to evaluate and control the exhaust emissions from two stroke single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 20% methanol, by volume) having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on inner surface of the cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron and manganese ore as as catalysts and compared with conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation
Theoritical investigations of injection pressure in a four stroke di diesel e...IAEME Publication
This document discusses theoretical investigations of injection pressure in a four-stroke diesel engine using alcohol as fuel. A computer program was developed to simulate the engine's performance with diesel and at different alcohol injection pressures ranging from 180 to 160 bar. The results showed that an injection pressure of 165 bar for alcohol produced higher brake thermal efficiency and indicated thermal efficiency that were closest to diesel fuel. It was concluded that alcohol can be used in diesel engines with an injection pressure of 165 bar as it allows an optimum amount of alcohol to be injected while compensating for alcohol's low viscosity.
The document presents research on the experimental analysis of performance of a spark ignition engine with variable compression ratios between 6-9. The results show that brake thermal efficiency and brake mean effective pressure were highest at a compression ratio of 9, while specific fuel consumption was lowest. Emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons decreased as the compression ratio increased from 6 to 9. The maximum improvement in brake thermal efficiency was approximately 10% when increasing the ratio from 6 to 9.
Computational and experimental study of engine characteristics using n butanolIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study that used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and engine experiments to analyze the performance and emissions of an internal combustion engine running on blends of gasoline and n-butanol. The CFD model was created using AVL Boost software and simulated blends with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% n-butanol by volume. Experimental validation was also conducted on a four-cylinder spark ignition engine. Both the simulations and experiments showed reductions in hydrocarbon emissions but increases in oxides of nitrogen emissions for the n-butanol blends compared to gasoline alone. The document reviews other research on butanol-gasoline blends and details the equations used in the CFD model to simulate combustion and
Studies on performance parameters and exhaust emissions of crude mahua oil in...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the performance and exhaust emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with crude mahua oil. The study compared a conventional engine to an engine with a medium grade low heat rejection combustion chamber. The LHR chamber included an air gap insulated piston and liner. Testing was conducted at various injection timings and operating conditions of the crude mahua oil, including normal and preheated temperatures. The engine with the LHR chamber showed improved performance, lower smoke and higher NOx emissions compared to the conventional engine operated on crude mahua oil. The optimum injection timing was found to be 30 degrees bTDC for the LHR chamber compared to 32 degrees for the conventional engine.
With ever increasing concern on energy security, future oil supplies, high
performance of automobiles, the global community has been seeking for nonpetroleum
alternative fuels. it leads to research in modifying the mechanical design
and analysing its performance characteristics with vary in fuel used, applied load on
engine, torque, lubrication etc. preheating is a method to increase the thermal
efficiency of engine, decrease the humidity in inlet air supplied, reduce the undesired
effects of cold start and in turn helps for complete combustion. The present research
work was to analysis the performance characteristics of a four stroke DTS-I, single
cylinder, air cooled, spark injection petrol fuelled with methanol blends in different
concentrations. The results are compared with the modified engine in which the inlet
air gets preheated. The engine test results showed improvement in all performance
characteristics in modified engine. It results an increase in brake thermal efficiency by
4-6%, indicated thermal efficiency by 3-5% and improvement in Brake specific fuel
consumption by 5.4% with comparison with normal engine.
Effect of fuel injection timing on performance, combustion and emission chara...prjpublications
This document presents a study on the effect of varying fuel injection timing on the performance, combustion, and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with palm oil methyl ester (POME) biodiesel. A computer simulation model was used to analyze advancing and retarding the injection timing from the baseline of 23° before top dead center (BTDC) by 2° increments. The simulation model calculated heat release, pressure, temperature, efficiency, emissions and other parameters. The results showed that injection timings outside of the baseline timing of 23° BTDC led to worse engine performance, combustion, and emissions.
Experiments were carried out to study exhaust emissions of diesel engine with low heat
rejection (LHR) combustion chamber with ceramic coated cylinder head [ceramic coating of
thickness 500 microns was done on inside portion of cylinder head] with different operating
conditions [normal temperature and pre–heated temperature] of waste fried vegetable oil based
biodiesel with varied injector opening pressure and injection timing. Conventional engine (CE)
showed deteriorated performance, while engine with LHR combustion chamber showed improved
performance with biodiesel operation at manufacturer’s recommended injection timing of 27o bTDC
(before top dead center) and injector opening pressure of 190 bar. The optimum injection timing was
31o bTDC for CE while it was 30o bTDC with engine with LHR combustion chamber with biodiesel
operation. Smoke levels decreased, while nitrogen oxide levels increased with engine with LHR
combustion chamber its optimized injection timing in comparison with pure diesel operation on CE.
Effect of spiral grooves in piston bowl on exhaust emissions of direct inject...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study on the effects of spiral grooves in the piston bowl on exhaust emissions from a direct injection diesel engine. Three spiral grooves were cut into the inner surface of the piston bowl, slightly increasing the bowl diameter. Testing found this modified piston reduced NOx emissions by 8.82% and fuel consumption by 0.1 kg/hour compared to the standard piston at full engine load. Carbon monoxide was also reduced by 7.7%, while exhaust gas temperature decreased by 4.8 degrees Celsius. The spiral grooves enhanced swirling flow in the combustion chamber for better air-fuel mixing, lowering emissions while maintaining brake thermal efficiency.
Environmental Pollution Reduction in Cement Industry for Co Combustion of Was...IJMER
Abstract: In recent years, there are several problems encountered in waste management system particularly waste tyre as well
as coals. The energy generation on incineration provides large amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions
which is the cause of major environmental threat. Therefore, the combustion of coal and tyre were carried out in cement industry
in order to generate heat energy at 1300
o
C and the only remaining residue (steel powder) to enhance the strength of the cement.
At the outset, the particle size of coal and tyre was cut into 63-75 and 180-212 µm respectively. Combustion experiments were
conducted using Nelson reactor under controlled conditions in presence of air and also in presence of nitrogen gas (INOX)
atmosphere. The temperature range was varied from 300-1300
0
C and several fuel mass loading in the furnace, expressed in
terms of bulk equivalence ratios in the range of 0.7-2.4. At fixed bulk equivalence ratios, as the furnace gas (Air) temperature
increased the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon yields from both fuels decreased drastically, while the CO2 yields increased. At
the highest temperature around 1300
0
C, the effluent of combustion of both (coal and tyre) fuels was practically devoid of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) (at a detection limit of 0.3 µg of a PAH component/g of fuel burnt). In order to
understand the rate of thermal effect and morphology of co combustion material (coal and tyre), the preliminary results are very
essential to explore. Therefore, the thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM)
were carried out and results of coal and tyre mixture at various temperature conditions will be highlighted.
Keywords: Environmental Emission, Cement Industry, Carbon dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), Nelson reactor.
Design, Thermal Analysis and Optimization of a Piston using AnsysIRJET Journal
This document presents a numerical analysis of the thermal behavior and stress optimization of a piston made of functionally graded materials using ANSYS software. A piston model was developed in SolidWorks and analyzed in ANSYS to evaluate thermal stresses under different operating conditions like gas pressure and temperature. The analysis aimed to reduce stress concentration in high stress areas like the piston head and skirt. Various piston materials like aluminum alloys were considered to determine the optimal material for withstanding thermal loads while minimizing weight.
The document summarizes an experimental study on the combustion performance and tailpipe emissions of a diesel engine run on blends of palm methyl ester (biodiesel), diesel, and ethanol. Six test fuels were evaluated: pure diesel, pure palm methyl ester, 95% palm methyl ester + 5% ethanol, 80% diesel + 15% palm methyl ester + 5% ethanol, 95% diesel + 5% ethanol, and 80% palm methyl ester + 15% diesel + 5% ethanol. The engine was run at a constant speed of 1500 rpm and compression ratio of 18.5. Results for brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and emissions of CO, CO2, HC, NO, and
This document discusses the design and static thermal analysis of a piston using thermal barrier coating materials. It aims to increase engine performance by applying a thermal barrier coating to the piston crown. The project considers coating a 150cc engine piston crown with 0.4mm of two different thermal barrier coating materials and using finite element analysis to calculate stresses, strains, temperatures and heat flux. The goal is to determine which material is most suitable for reducing heat transfer and increasing engine efficiency.
This document summarizes an experimental study on the performance and emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio (VCR) diesel engine using nitrogenated fuel additives. The study used ethanol and nitromethane as additives blended with diesel fuel at 10% and 0.2% respectively. The performance and emissions of the engine running on the blended fuels were evaluated and compared to diesel at compression ratios of 17.5:1 and 16.5:1. The results showed that the ethanol-nitromethane-diesel blend at 17.5:1 compression ratio improved brake thermal efficiency and reduced oxides of nitrogen and smoke emissions compared to the other fuel blends and compression ratio tested.
The document discusses the effect of ignition timing on the performance and emissions of a spark ignition engine fueled with gasoline and methanol-gasoline blends. Experiments were conducted by varying the ignition timing from 25 to 30 degrees before top dead center. The results show that engine performance in terms of brake thermal efficiency and volumetric efficiency was highest at an ignition timing of 28 degrees for the methanol blend. Ignition timing also affected exhaust gas temperature and emissions, with advance timing reducing temperature and hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. The study concluded that ignition timing can be optimized to improve engine performance and reduce emissions when using alcohol-gasoline blends.
Матеріали зустрічі журналістів з експертом ІСЕД Ігорем Яковенком. Глибинний аналіз стану системи охорони здоров’я в Україні і реформи, запропонованої Урядом.
ANALIZADOR SINTACTICO: INTRODUCION, CONCEPTOS, CARACTERISTICAS Infomania pro
El documento describe los conceptos clave del analizador sintáctico. Explica que el analizador sintáctico verifica que la secuencia de tokens proporcionada por el analizador léxico sea válida de acuerdo con la gramática del lenguaje. Construye un árbol sintáctico que representa la estructura de las sentencias del programa. También cubre temas como los tipos de análisis sintáctico, gramáticas de atributos, manejo de errores sintácticos y las funciones principales del analizador
Para exponer un texto ante una audiencia, el emisor debe tener buen dominio del tema, conocer las ideas principales y secundarias del texto y organizar el léxico según el tipo de audiencia. Para lograr la comprensión del texto, se deben conocer las ideas primarias y secundarias, palabras claves y el contexto, además de las reglas gramaticales. Un texto debe tener un tema central fácil de encontrar y entender por el lector, y las ideas deben estar relacionadas de manera lógica para que el texto sea coherente
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. Regular exercise can improve cardiovascular health, reduce stress and anxiety, boost mood, and enhance cognitive function. Staying physically active for at least 30 minutes each day is recommended for significant health benefits.
Amritpal Singh is seeking a position where innovative ideas are welcomed and growth is a passion. He has over 6 years of work experience in sales, marketing, and management roles. His experience spans multiple industries including retail, insurance, and food. He is skilled in developing business plans, sales strategies, and improving processes. Amritpal holds an MBA degree and diploma in computer applications and is proficient in English, Hindi, and Punjabi.
El documento enfatiza la importancia de disipar la ignorancia y educar a los niños. Señala que la ignorancia ha causado muchos problemas en el pasado como matanzas, insurrecciones y guerras. Finalmente, argumenta que la única forma de progreso para un país es a través de cultivar e instruir a las nuevas generaciones, enseñándoles al menos a leer y escribir.
El documento discute que estudiar sólo el sistema político formal como el poder legislativo, ejecutivo y judicial puede llevar a conclusiones equivocadas, ya que no considera el "gabinete secreto" donde realmente se toman las decisiones políticas. Citando a Bobbio, señala que la publicidad y transparencia del poder no ha resistido en los últimos años y que es importante reflexionar sobre el poder oculto ejercido por servicios secretos y grupos terroristas, que buscan ser invulnerables actuando en secreto sin visibilidad.
El documento argumenta que las pandillas en El Salvador deberían ser consideradas terroristas y no solo delincuentes comunes. Esto permitiría una mayor participación de las fuerzas armadas y la militarización de la seguridad pública. Algunos analistas discrepan y dicen que esta decisión no cambiaría nada, pero el documento sostiene que simplificaría el escenario de seguridad al tratarse de una cuestión de seguridad nacional en lugar de solo seguridad pública.
Theoritical investigations of injection pressure in a four stroke di diesel e...IAEME Publication
This document discusses theoretical investigations of injection pressure in a four-stroke diesel engine using alcohol as fuel. A computer program was developed to simulate the engine's performance with diesel and at different alcohol injection pressures ranging from 180 to 160 bar. The results showed that an injection pressure of 165 bar for alcohol produced higher brake thermal efficiency and indicated thermal efficiency that were closest to diesel fuel. It was concluded that alcohol can be used in diesel engines with an injection pressure of 165 bar as it allows an optimum amount of alcohol to be injected while compensating for alcohol's low viscosity.
The document presents research on the experimental analysis of performance of a spark ignition engine with variable compression ratios between 6-9. The results show that brake thermal efficiency and brake mean effective pressure were highest at a compression ratio of 9, while specific fuel consumption was lowest. Emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons decreased as the compression ratio increased from 6 to 9. The maximum improvement in brake thermal efficiency was approximately 10% when increasing the ratio from 6 to 9.
Computational and experimental study of engine characteristics using n butanolIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study that used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and engine experiments to analyze the performance and emissions of an internal combustion engine running on blends of gasoline and n-butanol. The CFD model was created using AVL Boost software and simulated blends with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% n-butanol by volume. Experimental validation was also conducted on a four-cylinder spark ignition engine. Both the simulations and experiments showed reductions in hydrocarbon emissions but increases in oxides of nitrogen emissions for the n-butanol blends compared to gasoline alone. The document reviews other research on butanol-gasoline blends and details the equations used in the CFD model to simulate combustion and
Studies on performance parameters and exhaust emissions of crude mahua oil in...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the performance and exhaust emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with crude mahua oil. The study compared a conventional engine to an engine with a medium grade low heat rejection combustion chamber. The LHR chamber included an air gap insulated piston and liner. Testing was conducted at various injection timings and operating conditions of the crude mahua oil, including normal and preheated temperatures. The engine with the LHR chamber showed improved performance, lower smoke and higher NOx emissions compared to the conventional engine operated on crude mahua oil. The optimum injection timing was found to be 30 degrees bTDC for the LHR chamber compared to 32 degrees for the conventional engine.
With ever increasing concern on energy security, future oil supplies, high
performance of automobiles, the global community has been seeking for nonpetroleum
alternative fuels. it leads to research in modifying the mechanical design
and analysing its performance characteristics with vary in fuel used, applied load on
engine, torque, lubrication etc. preheating is a method to increase the thermal
efficiency of engine, decrease the humidity in inlet air supplied, reduce the undesired
effects of cold start and in turn helps for complete combustion. The present research
work was to analysis the performance characteristics of a four stroke DTS-I, single
cylinder, air cooled, spark injection petrol fuelled with methanol blends in different
concentrations. The results are compared with the modified engine in which the inlet
air gets preheated. The engine test results showed improvement in all performance
characteristics in modified engine. It results an increase in brake thermal efficiency by
4-6%, indicated thermal efficiency by 3-5% and improvement in Brake specific fuel
consumption by 5.4% with comparison with normal engine.
Effect of fuel injection timing on performance, combustion and emission chara...prjpublications
This document presents a study on the effect of varying fuel injection timing on the performance, combustion, and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with palm oil methyl ester (POME) biodiesel. A computer simulation model was used to analyze advancing and retarding the injection timing from the baseline of 23° before top dead center (BTDC) by 2° increments. The simulation model calculated heat release, pressure, temperature, efficiency, emissions and other parameters. The results showed that injection timings outside of the baseline timing of 23° BTDC led to worse engine performance, combustion, and emissions.
Experiments were carried out to study exhaust emissions of diesel engine with low heat
rejection (LHR) combustion chamber with ceramic coated cylinder head [ceramic coating of
thickness 500 microns was done on inside portion of cylinder head] with different operating
conditions [normal temperature and pre–heated temperature] of waste fried vegetable oil based
biodiesel with varied injector opening pressure and injection timing. Conventional engine (CE)
showed deteriorated performance, while engine with LHR combustion chamber showed improved
performance with biodiesel operation at manufacturer’s recommended injection timing of 27o bTDC
(before top dead center) and injector opening pressure of 190 bar. The optimum injection timing was
31o bTDC for CE while it was 30o bTDC with engine with LHR combustion chamber with biodiesel
operation. Smoke levels decreased, while nitrogen oxide levels increased with engine with LHR
combustion chamber its optimized injection timing in comparison with pure diesel operation on CE.
Effect of spiral grooves in piston bowl on exhaust emissions of direct inject...eSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study on the effects of spiral grooves in the piston bowl on exhaust emissions from a direct injection diesel engine. Three spiral grooves were cut into the inner surface of the piston bowl, slightly increasing the bowl diameter. Testing found this modified piston reduced NOx emissions by 8.82% and fuel consumption by 0.1 kg/hour compared to the standard piston at full engine load. Carbon monoxide was also reduced by 7.7%, while exhaust gas temperature decreased by 4.8 degrees Celsius. The spiral grooves enhanced swirling flow in the combustion chamber for better air-fuel mixing, lowering emissions while maintaining brake thermal efficiency.
Environmental Pollution Reduction in Cement Industry for Co Combustion of Was...IJMER
Abstract: In recent years, there are several problems encountered in waste management system particularly waste tyre as well
as coals. The energy generation on incineration provides large amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions
which is the cause of major environmental threat. Therefore, the combustion of coal and tyre were carried out in cement industry
in order to generate heat energy at 1300
o
C and the only remaining residue (steel powder) to enhance the strength of the cement.
At the outset, the particle size of coal and tyre was cut into 63-75 and 180-212 µm respectively. Combustion experiments were
conducted using Nelson reactor under controlled conditions in presence of air and also in presence of nitrogen gas (INOX)
atmosphere. The temperature range was varied from 300-1300
0
C and several fuel mass loading in the furnace, expressed in
terms of bulk equivalence ratios in the range of 0.7-2.4. At fixed bulk equivalence ratios, as the furnace gas (Air) temperature
increased the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon yields from both fuels decreased drastically, while the CO2 yields increased. At
the highest temperature around 1300
0
C, the effluent of combustion of both (coal and tyre) fuels was practically devoid of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) (at a detection limit of 0.3 µg of a PAH component/g of fuel burnt). In order to
understand the rate of thermal effect and morphology of co combustion material (coal and tyre), the preliminary results are very
essential to explore. Therefore, the thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM)
were carried out and results of coal and tyre mixture at various temperature conditions will be highlighted.
Keywords: Environmental Emission, Cement Industry, Carbon dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), Nelson reactor.
Design, Thermal Analysis and Optimization of a Piston using AnsysIRJET Journal
This document presents a numerical analysis of the thermal behavior and stress optimization of a piston made of functionally graded materials using ANSYS software. A piston model was developed in SolidWorks and analyzed in ANSYS to evaluate thermal stresses under different operating conditions like gas pressure and temperature. The analysis aimed to reduce stress concentration in high stress areas like the piston head and skirt. Various piston materials like aluminum alloys were considered to determine the optimal material for withstanding thermal loads while minimizing weight.
The document summarizes an experimental study on the combustion performance and tailpipe emissions of a diesel engine run on blends of palm methyl ester (biodiesel), diesel, and ethanol. Six test fuels were evaluated: pure diesel, pure palm methyl ester, 95% palm methyl ester + 5% ethanol, 80% diesel + 15% palm methyl ester + 5% ethanol, 95% diesel + 5% ethanol, and 80% palm methyl ester + 15% diesel + 5% ethanol. The engine was run at a constant speed of 1500 rpm and compression ratio of 18.5. Results for brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and emissions of CO, CO2, HC, NO, and
This document discusses the design and static thermal analysis of a piston using thermal barrier coating materials. It aims to increase engine performance by applying a thermal barrier coating to the piston crown. The project considers coating a 150cc engine piston crown with 0.4mm of two different thermal barrier coating materials and using finite element analysis to calculate stresses, strains, temperatures and heat flux. The goal is to determine which material is most suitable for reducing heat transfer and increasing engine efficiency.
This document summarizes an experimental study on the performance and emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio (VCR) diesel engine using nitrogenated fuel additives. The study used ethanol and nitromethane as additives blended with diesel fuel at 10% and 0.2% respectively. The performance and emissions of the engine running on the blended fuels were evaluated and compared to diesel at compression ratios of 17.5:1 and 16.5:1. The results showed that the ethanol-nitromethane-diesel blend at 17.5:1 compression ratio improved brake thermal efficiency and reduced oxides of nitrogen and smoke emissions compared to the other fuel blends and compression ratio tested.
The document discusses the effect of ignition timing on the performance and emissions of a spark ignition engine fueled with gasoline and methanol-gasoline blends. Experiments were conducted by varying the ignition timing from 25 to 30 degrees before top dead center. The results show that engine performance in terms of brake thermal efficiency and volumetric efficiency was highest at an ignition timing of 28 degrees for the methanol blend. Ignition timing also affected exhaust gas temperature and emissions, with advance timing reducing temperature and hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. The study concluded that ignition timing can be optimized to improve engine performance and reduce emissions when using alcohol-gasoline blends.
Матеріали зустрічі журналістів з експертом ІСЕД Ігорем Яковенком. Глибинний аналіз стану системи охорони здоров’я в Україні і реформи, запропонованої Урядом.
ANALIZADOR SINTACTICO: INTRODUCION, CONCEPTOS, CARACTERISTICAS Infomania pro
El documento describe los conceptos clave del analizador sintáctico. Explica que el analizador sintáctico verifica que la secuencia de tokens proporcionada por el analizador léxico sea válida de acuerdo con la gramática del lenguaje. Construye un árbol sintáctico que representa la estructura de las sentencias del programa. También cubre temas como los tipos de análisis sintáctico, gramáticas de atributos, manejo de errores sintácticos y las funciones principales del analizador
Para exponer un texto ante una audiencia, el emisor debe tener buen dominio del tema, conocer las ideas principales y secundarias del texto y organizar el léxico según el tipo de audiencia. Para lograr la comprensión del texto, se deben conocer las ideas primarias y secundarias, palabras claves y el contexto, además de las reglas gramaticales. Un texto debe tener un tema central fácil de encontrar y entender por el lector, y las ideas deben estar relacionadas de manera lógica para que el texto sea coherente
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. Regular exercise can improve cardiovascular health, reduce stress and anxiety, boost mood, and enhance cognitive function. Staying physically active for at least 30 minutes each day is recommended for significant health benefits.
Amritpal Singh is seeking a position where innovative ideas are welcomed and growth is a passion. He has over 6 years of work experience in sales, marketing, and management roles. His experience spans multiple industries including retail, insurance, and food. He is skilled in developing business plans, sales strategies, and improving processes. Amritpal holds an MBA degree and diploma in computer applications and is proficient in English, Hindi, and Punjabi.
El documento enfatiza la importancia de disipar la ignorancia y educar a los niños. Señala que la ignorancia ha causado muchos problemas en el pasado como matanzas, insurrecciones y guerras. Finalmente, argumenta que la única forma de progreso para un país es a través de cultivar e instruir a las nuevas generaciones, enseñándoles al menos a leer y escribir.
El documento discute que estudiar sólo el sistema político formal como el poder legislativo, ejecutivo y judicial puede llevar a conclusiones equivocadas, ya que no considera el "gabinete secreto" donde realmente se toman las decisiones políticas. Citando a Bobbio, señala que la publicidad y transparencia del poder no ha resistido en los últimos años y que es importante reflexionar sobre el poder oculto ejercido por servicios secretos y grupos terroristas, que buscan ser invulnerables actuando en secreto sin visibilidad.
El documento argumenta que las pandillas en El Salvador deberían ser consideradas terroristas y no solo delincuentes comunes. Esto permitiría una mayor participación de las fuerzas armadas y la militarización de la seguridad pública. Algunos analistas discrepan y dicen que esta decisión no cambiaría nada, pero el documento sostiene que simplificaría el escenario de seguridad al tratarse de una cuestión de seguridad nacional en lugar de solo seguridad pública.
Este documento discute três tópicos principais: 1) aborto, incluindo causas, métodos e estatísticas; 2) discriminação contra grupos como homossexuais; e 3) a emancipação das mulheres ao longo do tempo. O documento também inclui um relato pessoal sobre um aborto não consentido e conclui enfatizando os perigos do aborto clandestino e a importância de combater a discriminação.
This document outlines various marketing and promotional activities performed by an organization called Roll N Scroll, including exhibitions, conferences, road shows, mobile advertising trucks, and branding. It discusses events held for clients such as Mohan Group, Ford Fiesta, Panasonic, Samsung, Lays, and Spice Mobile to promote products like homes, appliances, cars, snacks, phones and apps. The document serves as a showcase of the different promotional services Roll N Scroll provides for engaging customers and moving products.
This document contains contact information and a resume for Chris Galavotti. It lists his education including graduating from Massachusetts Maritime Academy with a Bachelor's degree in International Maritime Business. It details a six-week training cruise aboard a ship where he stood watch and participated in classroom training. The resume also lists acting classes taken and special skills including various sports, improvisation, comedy, juggling, and Microsoft Office skills.
Presentación realizada en la capacitación sobre "El uso de la firma electrónica avanzada, el Registro de Prestadores de Servicios de Certificación y casos de éxito", organizado por el RPSC en INTECAP.
Este documento discute el comercio electrónico, incluyendo su definición, historia breve, tipos, características y situación legal en México. Explica que el comercio electrónico involucra la compra y venta de bienes y servicios a través de Internet, y ha crecido significativamente desde la década de 1990 con el surgimiento de sitios como Amazon y eBay. También destaca las reformas legales mexicanas de 2000 para proporcionar un marco jurídico para las transacciones electrónicas y proteger los derechos de los consum
Plantilla de recogida de datos sobre obras narrativasCEDEC
La plantilla recoge los datos básicos de obras narrativas como el título, autoría, época, forma de transmisión, finalidad y argumento. Se trata de una herramienta para registrar de manera ordenada la información fundamental de diferentes historias a lo largo de la historia con el objetivo de que sirvan para la gente de hoy.
Plantilla de recogida de datos sobre obras narrativas
Similar to STUDIES ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF A FOUR-STROKE COPPER COATED SPARK IGNITION ENGINE WITH GASOHOL WITH IMPROVED DESIGN OF A CATALYTIC CONVERTER
STUDIES ON CONTROL OF ALDEHYDES FROM FOUR STROKE COPPER COATED SPARK IGNITION...IAEME Publication
Investigations were carried out to study aldehyde emissions (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) of a variable speed, variable compression ratio, four–stroke, single–cylinder, spark ignition
(SI)engine having copper coated engine [CCE, copper–(thickness, 300 µ) coated on piston crown and inner side of cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with different catalysts of sponge iron and manganese ore with methanol blended gasoline (80% gasoline and 20% methanol by volume) and compared with conventional engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Dinitrophenyl hydrazine
(DNPH) method was employed for measuring aldehydes.
INFLUENCE OF INJECTOR OPENING PRESSURE ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS IN DI DIESEL ENGI...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to study exhaust emissions of direct injection (DI) diesel engine with different levels of low heat rejection (LHR) combustion chamber such as i) ceramic coated cylinder head, ii) air gap insulated piston and air gap insulated liner and iii) ceramic coated cylinder head along with air gap insulation with pure diesel operation with varied injector opening pressure.Exhaust emissions of particulate emissions and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were determined at various
values of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of the engine. Particulate emissions were measured by AVL Smoke meter, while NOx by Netel Chromatograph NOx analyzer
STUDIES ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF CERAMIC COATED DI DIESEL ENGINE FUELLED WITH ...IAEME Publication
- The study examined exhaust emissions from a diesel engine with a ceramic-coated cylinder head (low-grade low heat rejection combustion chamber) fueled with cottonseed biodiesel under various operating conditions.
- Particulate emissions decreased and NOx levels increased with the low heat rejection combustion chamber compared to a conventional engine, due to improved combustion. Biodiesel also reduced particulate emissions but increased NOx levels over diesel.
- Preheating the biodiesel reduced both particulate emissions and NOx emissions in both combustion chamber types by improving fuel properties. Higher injector opening pressure generally improved emissions by enhancing atomization and air-fuel mixing.
Experimental investigations on the performance and emissoin characteristicsIAEME Publication
1. The document experimentally investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine with mullite ceramic coating.
2. Testing found that the mullite thermal barrier coating improved the engine's brake thermal efficiency by up to 5.78% and reduced specific fuel consumption by 5.46% compared to the uncoated engine. Emissions such as smoke and CO were also reduced.
3. The mullite coating provides thermal insulation which increases in-cylinder temperatures and aids combustion, improving performance and reducing some emissions while increasing NOx emissions by around 4%. The coating demonstrates potential as an alternative to conventional yttria stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings.
Performance and emission charecterisatics of magnesia stabilized zirconia (mg...eSAT Journals
Abstract Demand for Fossil fuels has been increasing tremendously which cause environmental threat. For this reason a numerous studies are ongoing for renewable sources of energy worldwide. This paper investigates the effect of using TBC to diminish emissions from engine exhaust specifically nitrogen oxide and to augment the performance of the engine. Engine Components were coated with Mg-PSZ of which 150μm thinness of Zro2-24Mgo over a 50μm thickness of NiCrAlY bond. The input parameters considered for this study includes engine speed, compression ratio, stroke length and Neli oil. The output parameters such as thermal efficiency, Brake power, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption, Volumetric Efficiency and Emissions of NOx, CO, HC were studied in a thermal barrier coated engine running with Neli oil and diesel fuel blend. From this experiment it is observed that there is a significant improvement in the results of engine performance and emission characteristics. Key Words: Mg-PSZ, Plasma Spray Coating, Nelli Seed Oil, Diesel Engine, Emissions.
The document summarizes a study on the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine with a low heat rejection combustion chamber that has a ceramic-coated cylinder head. The engine was tested using waste fried vegetable oil-based biodiesel under different operating conditions, including normal and pre-heated biodiesel temperatures as well as varied injector opening pressures and injection timings. The conventional engine showed deteriorated performance with biodiesel, while the engine with the low heat rejection combustion chamber showed improved performance at the manufacturer's recommended injection settings. Smoke levels decreased and nitrogen oxide levels increased for the engine with the low heat rejection combustion chamber compared to operation of the conventional engine on pure diesel fuel.
STUDIES ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS FROM CERAMIC COATED DIESEL ENGINE WITH WASTE FRI...IAEME Publication
Experiments were carried out to study exhaust emissions of diesel engine with low heat
rejection (LHR) combustion chamber with ceramic coated cylinder head [ceramic coating of
thickness 500 microns was done on inside portion of cylinder head] with different operating
conditions [normal temperature and pre–heated temperature] of waste fried vegetable oil based
biodiesel with varied injector opening pressure and injection timing. Conventional engine (CE)
showed deteriorated performance, while engine with LHR combustion chamber showed improved
performance with biodiesel operation at manufacturer’s recommended injection timing of 27o bTDC
(before top dead center) and injector opening pressure of 190 bar.
STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF CRUDE MAHUA OIL IN...IAEME Publication
Investigations were carried out to evaluate the performance and study exhaust emissions of a single cylinder, four–stroke, water cooled, 3.68 k W at a speed of 1500 rpm with medium grade low heat rejection (LHR) combustion chamber with air gap insulated piston with superni (an alloy of nickel) crown and air gap insulated liner with superni insert with different operating conditions [normal temperature and pre-heated temperature] of crude mahua oil with varied injection timing.
CONTROL OF EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF TWO STROKE AND FOUR STROKE COPPER COATED SPAR...IAEME Publication
Alcohols are important substitutes for gasoline, as their properties are comparable to gasoline. They are renewable in nature. Investigations were carried out to determine exhaust emissions of two stroke and four stroke of single cylinder, spark ignition (SI)engine having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on piston crown and inner side of cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with copper as catalyst with methanol blended gasoline (80% gasoline and 20% methanol by volume) and compared with conventional engine (CE) with neat gasoline operation. Carbon monoxide (CO) and un-burnt hydrocarbons (UBHC) are the exhaust emissions from SI engine. Breathing of these emissions causes human hazards and also they cause environmental disorders. Hence control of these emissions is an urgent task. Exhaust emissions were varied with different values of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). The engine was provided with catalytic converter with copper as catalyst. There was provision for injection of air into the catalytic converter. CCE showed improvement in the pollutants when compared with CE with both test fuels. Four-Stroke engine decreased exhaust emissions effectively in comparison with two-stroke engine with both versions of the engine. Catalytic converter with air injection significantly reduced pollutants with different test fuels on both configurations of the engine.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The document summarizes an experimental study that measured laminar burning velocities and Markstein numbers for mixtures of natural gas enriched with varying amounts of hydrogen. The study used a constant-volume combustion chamber equipped with thermocouples to measure flame propagation speeds. It found that adding hydrogen nonlinearly increased burning velocities at lean mixtures and decreased Markstein lengths, indicating greater flame instability. The results were compared to other studies and showed good agreement.
IRJET- Static and Thermal Analysis of Piston with Different Thermal CoatingsIRJET Journal
This document describes a study that performed static and thermal analysis of a piston design with different thermal coating materials. A piston was designed using CATIA software and imported into ANSYS for analysis. Thermal analysis was conducted by selecting aluminum alloy and titanium alloy as piston materials and applying a 1mm coating of either Ni-Cr-Al or Mg-ZrO3. The maximum and minimum heat flux distributions were observed for different piston and coating material combinations. Results were presented graphically to identify the most suitable design combination for withstanding thermal stresses and reducing heat transfer. A literature review discussed previous research on analyzing piston coatings and materials to improve engine performance and efficiency.
IRJET- Improving the Fuel Economy and Reducing the Emission of Four Strok...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on improving fuel economy and reducing emissions in a four-stroke diesel engine through the process of magnetic fuel ionization and waste heat recovery. The study incorporated an electromagnetic circuit to ionize the fuel and a turbine in the exhaust manifold to generate electricity from waste heat. Experimental testing showed that magnetic fuel ionization can favor complete combustion, reducing NOx emissions and improving fuel economy. The turbine was able to generate current to power the fuel ionization circuit and store excess in a battery. The integrated system aims to both reduce emissions and utilize otherwise wasted exhaust heat.
11.[42 53]an experimental investigation of performance and emission in ethano...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes an experimental study on using ethanol as fuel in internal combustion engines. It discusses two modes tested: high compression spark ignition with manifold injection of ethanol, and ultra-high compression direct injection of ethanol. For both modes, engine performance and emissions were tested with and without zirconia coating on pistons and cylinders. The high compression spark ignition mode showed similar efficiency to diesel but significantly lower emissions. The direct injection mode fell between diesel and manifold injection modes for efficiency. Overall, ethanol provided lower operating costs than diesel. The document also reviews engine modifications, experimental setup, and testing procedures for the study.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF I.C. ENGINE PISTON AND PISTON-RING USING CATIA AND ANS...IAEME Publication
In this present work a piston and piston ring are designed for a single cylinder four stroke petrol engine using CATIA V5R20 software. Complete design is imported to ANSYS 14.5 software then analysis is performed. Three different materials have been selected for structural and thermal analysis of piston. For piston ring two different materials are selected and structural and thermal analysis is performed using ANSYS 14.5 software. Results are shown and a comparison is made to
find the most suited design.
Effect of different variables on heat transfer rate of four stroke si engine ...IAEME Publication
1. The document reviews research on factors that affect the heat transfer rate of fins on internal combustion engines. Increased fin thickness, larger numbers of fins, and higher fluid velocities can improve heat transfer but may also increase fuel consumption due to overcooling.
2. Material, geometry, perforations and notches, and environmental conditions also impact heat transfer. Copper fins perform better than aluminum but aluminum is more commonly used. Increased turbulence from modifications like perforations and notches can enhance heat transfer.
3. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations agree with experimental results and can be used to analyze different fin parameters, though overcooling at high velocities still needs to be addressed to reduce fuel consumption. Optimizing
Experimental Analysis of YSZ Coating on an IC Engine Pistonresearchinventy
As per the second law of thermodynamics the IC (Internal Combustion) engine efficiency depends upon the extraction of work against the heat supplied. Minimization of heat rejection leads to increase the work. Heat rejection takes place through the engine piston, valves and cylinder heads to the surroundings. The aim of the study is to minimize this heat rejection to the surroundings. Heat transfer through the engine parts can minimize by applying the thermal barrier coating materials on the top surface of the engine piston, cylinder heads and valves. In this study an attempt is made to reduce the intensity of heat rejection by using a layer of the ceramic material, like Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) which has low thermal conductivity, high thermal resistance, chemical inertness, high resistance to erosion, corrosion and high strength was selected as a coating material for engine component. In this paper the experiments were carried out with 0.4mm YSZ coated piston and it is found that it has 1% total fuel consumption, 1.2% specific fuel consumption and 0.7% exhaust gas temperature less than the conventional engine with uncoated piston. It is also seen that 2.6% brake thermal efficiency, 2.14% indicated thermal efficiency and 1.35% mechanical efficiency more than the conventional engine with uncoated piston.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON ENGINE PERFORMANCE OF A LOW HEAT REJECTION (...IAEME Publication
In Present Investigation at the first stage, experiments were conducted on baseline (Conventional) engine and hence combustion and emission Parameters were recorded. At second stage Mullite, which is a compound of SiO2 and Al2O3 with composition 3Al2O3.2SiO2 (Aluminium oxide 60% and Silicon dioxide 40%), was used as a (TBC) thermal barrier coating material. The piston crown, cylinder valves and cylinder head of diesel engine were coated with a 0.5 mm thickness of 3Al2O3.2SiO2 (mullite) over a 150-µm thickness of Nickel Chrome Aluminium Yttrium (NiCrAlY) bond coat using plasma spray technique to achieve less heat loss and combustion and emission Parameters were recorded for LHR engine.
This document summarizes a study that designed and analyzed an internal combustion engine piston and piston rings using CAD and FEA software. The piston and piston rings were modeled in CATIA and then imported into ANSYS for structural and thermal analysis. Three materials were analyzed for the piston (aluminum alloy 4032, alloy steel 4340, and titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V) and two for the piston rings (nodular spheroidal cast iron and grey cast iron). The results found the titanium alloy piston had the lowest displacement and temperature but highest stresses, while the aluminum alloy had the highest displacement and temperature. The nodular spheroidal cast iron piston rings performed better than the grey cast iron rings.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Similar to STUDIES ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF A FOUR-STROKE COPPER COATED SPARK IGNITION ENGINE WITH GASOHOL WITH IMPROVED DESIGN OF A CATALYTIC CONVERTER (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Determination of Equivalent Circuit parameters and performance characteristic...pvpriya2
Includes the testing of induction motor to draw the circle diagram of induction motor with step wise procedure and calculation for the same. Also explains the working and application of Induction generator
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
This document provides basic guidelines for imparitallity requirement of ISO 17025. It defines in detial how it is met and wiudhwdih jdhsjdhwudjwkdbjwkdddddddddddkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwioiiiiiiiiiiiii uwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwhe wiqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq gbbbbbbbbbbbbb owdjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj widhi owqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq uwdhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhwqiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiw0pooooojjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj whhhhhhhhhhh wheeeeeeee wihieiiiiii wihe
e qqqqqqqqqqeuwiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiqw dddddddddd cccccccccccccccv s w c r
cdf cb bicbsad ishd d qwkbdwiur e wetwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww w
dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffw
uuuuhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhe qiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbu uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuum
m
m mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm m i
g i dijsd sjdnsjd ndjajsdnnsa adjdnawddddddddddddd uw
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.