The document summarizes a study on the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine with a low heat rejection combustion chamber that has a ceramic-coated cylinder head. The engine was tested using waste fried vegetable oil-based biodiesel under different operating conditions, including normal and pre-heated biodiesel temperatures as well as varied injector opening pressures and injection timings. The conventional engine showed deteriorated performance with biodiesel, while the engine with the low heat rejection combustion chamber showed improved performance at the manufacturer's recommended injection settings. Smoke levels decreased and nitrogen oxide levels increased for the engine with the low heat rejection combustion chamber compared to operation of the conventional engine on pure diesel fuel.
Experiments were carried out to study exhaust emissions of diesel engine with low heat
rejection (LHR) combustion chamber with ceramic coated cylinder head [ceramic coating of
thickness 500 microns was done on inside portion of cylinder head] with different operating
conditions [normal temperature and pre–heated temperature] of waste fried vegetable oil based
biodiesel with varied injector opening pressure and injection timing. Conventional engine (CE)
showed deteriorated performance, while engine with LHR combustion chamber showed improved
performance with biodiesel operation at manufacturer’s recommended injection timing of 27o bTDC
(before top dead center) and injector opening pressure of 190 bar. The optimum injection timing was
31o bTDC for CE while it was 30o bTDC with engine with LHR combustion chamber with biodiesel
operation. Smoke levels decreased, while nitrogen oxide levels increased with engine with LHR
combustion chamber its optimized injection timing in comparison with pure diesel operation on CE.
Studies on exhaust emissions of ceramic coated di diesel engine fuelled with ...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes a study on the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine with a ceramic coated cylinder head fueled with cotton seed biodiesel. The study investigated exhaust emissions under different operating conditions, including normal and pre-heated biodiesel temperatures, varied injector opening pressures and injection timings. Particulate and NOx emissions were evaluated at different brake mean effective pressures and compared to a conventional engine fueled with biodiesel and mineral diesel under similar operating conditions. The results showed that particulate emissions decreased while NOx levels increased for the engine with the low-heat rejection combustion chamber compared to the conventional engine when fueled with biodiesel.
This document summarizes a study on the influence of injector opening pressure on exhaust emissions in a direct injection diesel engine with three levels of insulation operated on diesel fuel. Experiments were conducted with a conventional engine and engines featuring ceramic coated cylinder heads, air gap insulated pistons and liners, and a combination of the two insulation techniques. Exhaust emissions of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides were measured at varying brake mean effective pressures and injector opening pressures. The insulated combustion chambers showed higher nitrogen oxide emissions than the conventional engine, while particulate emissions were comparable. Increasing the injector opening pressure reduced exhaust emissions for all engine configurations.
Studies on performance parameters and exhaust emissions of crude mahua oil in...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the performance and exhaust emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with crude mahua oil. The study compared a conventional engine to an engine with a medium grade low heat rejection combustion chamber. The LHR chamber included an air gap insulated piston and liner. Testing was conducted at various injection timings and operating conditions of the crude mahua oil, including normal and preheated temperatures. The engine with the LHR chamber showed improved performance, lower smoke and higher NOx emissions compared to the conventional engine operated on crude mahua oil. The optimum injection timing was found to be 30 degrees bTDC for the LHR chamber compared to 32 degrees for the conventional engine.
Performance and emission characteristics of di ci diesel engine with preIAEME Publication
This document summarizes an experimental study that investigated the performance and emission characteristics of a direct injection compression ignition diesel engine fueled with preheated chicken fat biodiesel. The engine performance, combustion characteristics, and exhaust emissions were tested and compared for petroleum diesel, unheated chicken fat biodiesel, and chicken fat biodiesel preheated to 50°C. Results showed that preheating the chicken fat biodiesel improved engine performance by reducing fuel consumption and brake specific fuel consumption. Preheating also improved combustion and lowered exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons compared to unheated chicken fat biodiesel. The study concluded that preheated chicken fat biodiesel can be used
This document evaluates the thermooxidation stabilities of additive-free base oils used in two commercially available grades of automotive crankcase oil (SAE-28W50 and SAE-10W40). The base oils were obtained by stripping the commercial oils of their additive components. The base oils were then thermally oxidized using a modified Turbine Oil Oxidation Test apparatus at increasing temperatures up to 380°C. The stabilities were evaluated based on parameters like Total Acid Number and Total Oxidation Products. Results showed that the synthetic base oil (SAE-10W40) was the least stable, followed by the blended base oil, while the mineral base oil (SAE-28
The document discusses studies on exhaust emissions from a diesel engine with a ceramic coated combustion chamber fueled with mixtures of carbureted methanol and crude jatropha oil. The maximum methanol induction was 50% for the recommended injection timing and 45% for the optimum timing. Exhaust emissions of smoke decreased by 125% and nitrogen oxides decreased by 70% with the engine using the combustion chamber fueled with methanol-oil mixtures compared to crude oil alone. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions increased substantially. Brake thermal efficiency increased up to a methanol level of 35% due to improved combustion but decreased at higher levels due to increased ignition delay.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF TWO STROKE SPARK IGNITION EN...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of two stroke single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 20% methanol, by volume) having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on piston crown] and compared with
conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency) were determined with different values of brake mean effective pressure of the engine Copper coated engine (CCE) with methanol blended
gasoline considerably improved the performance in comparison with CE with pure gasoline operation. CCE with methanol blended gasoline increased the brake thermal efficiency, decreased the exhaust gas temperature and
increased the volumetric efficiency.
Experiments were carried out to study exhaust emissions of diesel engine with low heat
rejection (LHR) combustion chamber with ceramic coated cylinder head [ceramic coating of
thickness 500 microns was done on inside portion of cylinder head] with different operating
conditions [normal temperature and pre–heated temperature] of waste fried vegetable oil based
biodiesel with varied injector opening pressure and injection timing. Conventional engine (CE)
showed deteriorated performance, while engine with LHR combustion chamber showed improved
performance with biodiesel operation at manufacturer’s recommended injection timing of 27o bTDC
(before top dead center) and injector opening pressure of 190 bar. The optimum injection timing was
31o bTDC for CE while it was 30o bTDC with engine with LHR combustion chamber with biodiesel
operation. Smoke levels decreased, while nitrogen oxide levels increased with engine with LHR
combustion chamber its optimized injection timing in comparison with pure diesel operation on CE.
Studies on exhaust emissions of ceramic coated di diesel engine fuelled with ...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes a study on the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine with a ceramic coated cylinder head fueled with cotton seed biodiesel. The study investigated exhaust emissions under different operating conditions, including normal and pre-heated biodiesel temperatures, varied injector opening pressures and injection timings. Particulate and NOx emissions were evaluated at different brake mean effective pressures and compared to a conventional engine fueled with biodiesel and mineral diesel under similar operating conditions. The results showed that particulate emissions decreased while NOx levels increased for the engine with the low-heat rejection combustion chamber compared to the conventional engine when fueled with biodiesel.
This document summarizes a study on the influence of injector opening pressure on exhaust emissions in a direct injection diesel engine with three levels of insulation operated on diesel fuel. Experiments were conducted with a conventional engine and engines featuring ceramic coated cylinder heads, air gap insulated pistons and liners, and a combination of the two insulation techniques. Exhaust emissions of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides were measured at varying brake mean effective pressures and injector opening pressures. The insulated combustion chambers showed higher nitrogen oxide emissions than the conventional engine, while particulate emissions were comparable. Increasing the injector opening pressure reduced exhaust emissions for all engine configurations.
Studies on performance parameters and exhaust emissions of crude mahua oil in...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the performance and exhaust emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with crude mahua oil. The study compared a conventional engine to an engine with a medium grade low heat rejection combustion chamber. The LHR chamber included an air gap insulated piston and liner. Testing was conducted at various injection timings and operating conditions of the crude mahua oil, including normal and preheated temperatures. The engine with the LHR chamber showed improved performance, lower smoke and higher NOx emissions compared to the conventional engine operated on crude mahua oil. The optimum injection timing was found to be 30 degrees bTDC for the LHR chamber compared to 32 degrees for the conventional engine.
Performance and emission characteristics of di ci diesel engine with preIAEME Publication
This document summarizes an experimental study that investigated the performance and emission characteristics of a direct injection compression ignition diesel engine fueled with preheated chicken fat biodiesel. The engine performance, combustion characteristics, and exhaust emissions were tested and compared for petroleum diesel, unheated chicken fat biodiesel, and chicken fat biodiesel preheated to 50°C. Results showed that preheating the chicken fat biodiesel improved engine performance by reducing fuel consumption and brake specific fuel consumption. Preheating also improved combustion and lowered exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons compared to unheated chicken fat biodiesel. The study concluded that preheated chicken fat biodiesel can be used
This document evaluates the thermooxidation stabilities of additive-free base oils used in two commercially available grades of automotive crankcase oil (SAE-28W50 and SAE-10W40). The base oils were obtained by stripping the commercial oils of their additive components. The base oils were then thermally oxidized using a modified Turbine Oil Oxidation Test apparatus at increasing temperatures up to 380°C. The stabilities were evaluated based on parameters like Total Acid Number and Total Oxidation Products. Results showed that the synthetic base oil (SAE-10W40) was the least stable, followed by the blended base oil, while the mineral base oil (SAE-28
The document discusses studies on exhaust emissions from a diesel engine with a ceramic coated combustion chamber fueled with mixtures of carbureted methanol and crude jatropha oil. The maximum methanol induction was 50% for the recommended injection timing and 45% for the optimum timing. Exhaust emissions of smoke decreased by 125% and nitrogen oxides decreased by 70% with the engine using the combustion chamber fueled with methanol-oil mixtures compared to crude oil alone. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions increased substantially. Brake thermal efficiency increased up to a methanol level of 35% due to improved combustion but decreased at higher levels due to increased ignition delay.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF TWO STROKE SPARK IGNITION EN...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of two stroke single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 20% methanol, by volume) having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on piston crown] and compared with
conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency) were determined with different values of brake mean effective pressure of the engine Copper coated engine (CCE) with methanol blended
gasoline considerably improved the performance in comparison with CE with pure gasoline operation. CCE with methanol blended gasoline increased the brake thermal efficiency, decreased the exhaust gas temperature and
increased the volumetric efficiency.
Comparative Performance of Crude Pongamia Oil in A Low Heat Rejection Diesel ...IOSR Journals
- The document evaluates the performance of a low heat rejection diesel engine with a ceramic coated cylinder head operating on crude Pongamia oil.
- Experiments were conducted with normal and pre-heated temperatures of crude Pongamia oil at varied injection pressures and timings.
- The conventional engine showed deteriorated performance with crude Pongamia oil compared to diesel, while the low heat rejection engine showed improved performance due to its hot combustion chamber. Performance was further improved with advanced injection timing and higher injection pressure.
Theoretical analysis of compression ignition engine performance fuelled withIAEME Publication
This document analyzes the performance of a compression ignition engine fueled with honge oil and its blends with ethanol through simulation and experimental testing. A simulation model based on the first law of thermodynamics is used to predict the engine's brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature, and emissions when fueled with neat honge oil, 80% and 20% honge oil-ethanol, 70% and 30% honge oil-ethanol, and 60% and 40% honge oil-ethanol. Experimental results are used to validate the simulation model. The simulation and testing show that a blend of 70% honge oil and 30% ethanol achieves the highest brake thermal efficiency compared to
Experimental investigation on exhaust emissions with ceramic coated diesel en...eSAT Journals
Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine exhaust emissions in a conventional diesel engine (CE) and ceramic coated low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine [with ceramic coated cylinder head] with different operating conditions [normal temperature and pre-heated temperature] of linseed oil based biodiesel with varied injection timing and injector opening pressure. Exhaust emissions [smoke and oxides of nitrogen]. Smoke levels decreased and NOx levels increased with engine with LHR combustion chamber with biodiesel operation. Advanced injection timing, increase of injector opening pressure preheated biodiesel reduced exhaust emissions from LHR engine with biodiesel operation. Keywords: Alternate Fuels, Vegetable Oils, Biodiesel, LHR engine, Exhaust emissions, Combustion characteristics.
Experimental investigation on exhaust emissions with ceramic coated diesel en...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The document summarizes an experimental study on the combustion performance and tailpipe emissions of a diesel engine run on blends of palm methyl ester (biodiesel), diesel, and ethanol. Six test fuels were evaluated: pure diesel, pure palm methyl ester, 95% palm methyl ester + 5% ethanol, 80% diesel + 15% palm methyl ester + 5% ethanol, 95% diesel + 5% ethanol, and 80% palm methyl ester + 15% diesel + 5% ethanol. The engine was run at a constant speed of 1500 rpm and compression ratio of 18.5. Results for brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and emissions of CO, CO2, HC, NO, and
Effect of variation in compression ratio on characteristics of ci engine fuellIAEME Publication
The document discusses the effect of varying compression ratio on the performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with a blend of 70% honge oil and 30% ethanol. Experiments were conducted at compression ratios of 17, 17.5, and 18. Brake thermal efficiency and cylinder pressure increased with higher compression ratios due to more complete combustion. Emissions of unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide decreased with increasing compression ratio. The highest performance was observed at a compression ratio of 18.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
1) The study investigated the effect of varying fuel injection pressure and timing on particulate size, number, surface area, and volume distributions in a single cylinder diesel engine.
2) Results showed that particulate concentration increased with engine load but decreased with higher fuel injection pressure, as higher pressure improved fuel-air mixing.
3) Advancing injection timing reduced particulate concentration at high injection pressure by allowing more time for oxidation, but had varying effects at low pressure due to competing effects on mixing time and droplet size.
Comparative study of performance of dual plug and single plug si engine at diffIAEME Publication
The document describes a study that compares the performance of a dual plug spark ignition engine to a single plug engine. The dual plug engine was developed by introducing a second spark plug opposite the first plug. Experiments were conducted at different loads and compression ratios. Results showed the dual plug engine had better thermal efficiency, lower HC and CO emissions, but slightly higher NOx emissions than the single plug engine. The effect of compression ratio on the dual plug engine was also investigated, finding an optimum ratio for best performance and emissions.
This document summarizes an experimental study on reducing oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions in a single cylinder diesel engine converted to run in dual fuel mode with compressed natural gas (CNG). Experiments were conducted with varying CNG substitution levels, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates, and fuel injection pressures. The results show that NOx emissions increased with higher CNG substitution levels but decreased with higher EGR rates and injection pressures. Increasing injection pressure was more effective at reducing NOx emissions while maintaining brake thermal efficiency compared to increasing EGR. The study aims to determine effective ways to control NOx emissions from a diesel engine operating in dual fuel mode with CNG.
This document summarizes a study on controlling aldehyde emissions from a 4-stroke spark ignition engine using methanol-blended gasoline with an improved catalytic converter design. The engine was tested with a conventional combustion chamber and one with a copper coating. Different catalysts including sponge iron and manganese ore were tested in the catalytic converter. Results showed that the copper coated chamber and catalytic converter with air injection reduced aldehyde emissions more effectively than other configurations tested.
This document summarizes a study on exhaust emissions from a four-stroke spark ignition engine operating on gasohol (ethanol blended with gasoline) with two different engine configurations: a conventional engine and one with a copper-coated combustion chamber. The engine was tested with and without an improved design of catalytic converter that used inexpensive sponge iron as the catalyst. Exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons were measured at various engine loads. The copper-coated engine configuration and use of the catalytic converter both reduced exhaust pollutants compared to the conventional engine operating on pure gasoline without a catalytic converter. Further reductions were seen when air was injected into the catalytic converter.
Este documento fornece 500 dicas culinárias sobre diversos ingredientes como abacate, açúcar, alface, alho, arroz, aves, azeite, bacalhau, bacon e batata. Algumas dicas incluem como evitar que esses alimentos escureçam ou fiquem rançosos, como retirar o excesso de sal ou como deixá-los mais saborosos. O texto também ensina truques para cozinhar esses itens de forma mais fácil e rápida.
Roseta, una hada, olvidó invitar a Flory, una florez holgazana y rencorosa, a una fiesta. Flory interrumpió la fiesta enfadada. Más tarde, Flory planeó vengarse envenenando una tarta en la fiesta de cumpleaños de Roseta, pero su plan falló. Esto llevó a más problemas entre Flory y las otras flores.
Aula tic 2.0 en el ceip gibraltar.bloque 1 sesion 1Inma101
Este documento describe cómo crear y personalizar un blog educativo usando la plataforma Blogger. Explica los pasos para crear una cuenta de Gmail, iniciar sesión en Blogger, crear un nuevo blog, cambiar la apariencia seleccionando un diseño y colores diferentes, y agregar entradas nuevas. Proporciona enlaces a ejemplos de blogs educativos existentes para obtener ideas. El objetivo final es que los estudiantes aprendan a usar esta herramienta para compartir contenido en línea.
Aula tic 2.0 en el ceip gibraltar.bloque 1 sesion 1Inma101
Este documento describe cómo crear y personalizar un blog educativo usando la plataforma Blogger. Explica los pasos para crear una cuenta de Gmail, iniciar sesión en Blogger, crear un nuevo blog, cambiar la apariencia seleccionando un diseño y colores diferentes, y agregar entradas nuevas. Proporciona enlaces a ejemplos de blogs educativos existentes para obtener ideas. El objetivo final es que los estudiantes aprendan a usar esta herramienta para compartir contenido en línea.
Aula tic 2.0 en el ies antonio machado.bloque 1 sesión 1Inma101
El documento describe la instalación y uso del software de pizarra digital interactiva Smart Board en diferentes sistemas operativos. Explica cómo instalar Smart Notebook en Windows y las dos opciones para instalarlo en Guadalinex, dependiendo de la versión del sistema operativo Linux. También resume los pasos generales para usar correctamente la pizarra digital, como encender primero el cañón y luego la PDI.
Effect of tip clearance on a centrifugal compressorIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a computational analysis of the effect of tip clearance on a low-speed centrifugal compressor. A centrifugal compressor impeller with three tip clearances (0%, 2%, and 5% of blade height) was examined at five flow coefficients using computational fluid dynamics software. The results found that static and total pressure decreased with increasing tip clearance. Blade loading charts and pressure/velocity contours showed lower pressures and velocities on the blade surfaces with larger tip clearances. In conclusion, tip clearances were found to increase losses in the centrifugal compressor.
Comparative Performance of Crude Pongamia Oil in A Low Heat Rejection Diesel ...IOSR Journals
- The document evaluates the performance of a low heat rejection diesel engine with a ceramic coated cylinder head operating on crude Pongamia oil.
- Experiments were conducted with normal and pre-heated temperatures of crude Pongamia oil at varied injection pressures and timings.
- The conventional engine showed deteriorated performance with crude Pongamia oil compared to diesel, while the low heat rejection engine showed improved performance due to its hot combustion chamber. Performance was further improved with advanced injection timing and higher injection pressure.
Theoretical analysis of compression ignition engine performance fuelled withIAEME Publication
This document analyzes the performance of a compression ignition engine fueled with honge oil and its blends with ethanol through simulation and experimental testing. A simulation model based on the first law of thermodynamics is used to predict the engine's brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature, and emissions when fueled with neat honge oil, 80% and 20% honge oil-ethanol, 70% and 30% honge oil-ethanol, and 60% and 40% honge oil-ethanol. Experimental results are used to validate the simulation model. The simulation and testing show that a blend of 70% honge oil and 30% ethanol achieves the highest brake thermal efficiency compared to
Experimental investigation on exhaust emissions with ceramic coated diesel en...eSAT Journals
Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine exhaust emissions in a conventional diesel engine (CE) and ceramic coated low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine [with ceramic coated cylinder head] with different operating conditions [normal temperature and pre-heated temperature] of linseed oil based biodiesel with varied injection timing and injector opening pressure. Exhaust emissions [smoke and oxides of nitrogen]. Smoke levels decreased and NOx levels increased with engine with LHR combustion chamber with biodiesel operation. Advanced injection timing, increase of injector opening pressure preheated biodiesel reduced exhaust emissions from LHR engine with biodiesel operation. Keywords: Alternate Fuels, Vegetable Oils, Biodiesel, LHR engine, Exhaust emissions, Combustion characteristics.
Experimental investigation on exhaust emissions with ceramic coated diesel en...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The document summarizes an experimental study on the combustion performance and tailpipe emissions of a diesel engine run on blends of palm methyl ester (biodiesel), diesel, and ethanol. Six test fuels were evaluated: pure diesel, pure palm methyl ester, 95% palm methyl ester + 5% ethanol, 80% diesel + 15% palm methyl ester + 5% ethanol, 95% diesel + 5% ethanol, and 80% palm methyl ester + 15% diesel + 5% ethanol. The engine was run at a constant speed of 1500 rpm and compression ratio of 18.5. Results for brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and emissions of CO, CO2, HC, NO, and
Effect of variation in compression ratio on characteristics of ci engine fuellIAEME Publication
The document discusses the effect of varying compression ratio on the performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with a blend of 70% honge oil and 30% ethanol. Experiments were conducted at compression ratios of 17, 17.5, and 18. Brake thermal efficiency and cylinder pressure increased with higher compression ratios due to more complete combustion. Emissions of unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide decreased with increasing compression ratio. The highest performance was observed at a compression ratio of 18.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
1) The study investigated the effect of varying fuel injection pressure and timing on particulate size, number, surface area, and volume distributions in a single cylinder diesel engine.
2) Results showed that particulate concentration increased with engine load but decreased with higher fuel injection pressure, as higher pressure improved fuel-air mixing.
3) Advancing injection timing reduced particulate concentration at high injection pressure by allowing more time for oxidation, but had varying effects at low pressure due to competing effects on mixing time and droplet size.
Comparative study of performance of dual plug and single plug si engine at diffIAEME Publication
The document describes a study that compares the performance of a dual plug spark ignition engine to a single plug engine. The dual plug engine was developed by introducing a second spark plug opposite the first plug. Experiments were conducted at different loads and compression ratios. Results showed the dual plug engine had better thermal efficiency, lower HC and CO emissions, but slightly higher NOx emissions than the single plug engine. The effect of compression ratio on the dual plug engine was also investigated, finding an optimum ratio for best performance and emissions.
This document summarizes an experimental study on reducing oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions in a single cylinder diesel engine converted to run in dual fuel mode with compressed natural gas (CNG). Experiments were conducted with varying CNG substitution levels, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates, and fuel injection pressures. The results show that NOx emissions increased with higher CNG substitution levels but decreased with higher EGR rates and injection pressures. Increasing injection pressure was more effective at reducing NOx emissions while maintaining brake thermal efficiency compared to increasing EGR. The study aims to determine effective ways to control NOx emissions from a diesel engine operating in dual fuel mode with CNG.
This document summarizes a study on controlling aldehyde emissions from a 4-stroke spark ignition engine using methanol-blended gasoline with an improved catalytic converter design. The engine was tested with a conventional combustion chamber and one with a copper coating. Different catalysts including sponge iron and manganese ore were tested in the catalytic converter. Results showed that the copper coated chamber and catalytic converter with air injection reduced aldehyde emissions more effectively than other configurations tested.
This document summarizes a study on exhaust emissions from a four-stroke spark ignition engine operating on gasohol (ethanol blended with gasoline) with two different engine configurations: a conventional engine and one with a copper-coated combustion chamber. The engine was tested with and without an improved design of catalytic converter that used inexpensive sponge iron as the catalyst. Exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons were measured at various engine loads. The copper-coated engine configuration and use of the catalytic converter both reduced exhaust pollutants compared to the conventional engine operating on pure gasoline without a catalytic converter. Further reductions were seen when air was injected into the catalytic converter.
Este documento fornece 500 dicas culinárias sobre diversos ingredientes como abacate, açúcar, alface, alho, arroz, aves, azeite, bacalhau, bacon e batata. Algumas dicas incluem como evitar que esses alimentos escureçam ou fiquem rançosos, como retirar o excesso de sal ou como deixá-los mais saborosos. O texto também ensina truques para cozinhar esses itens de forma mais fácil e rápida.
Roseta, una hada, olvidó invitar a Flory, una florez holgazana y rencorosa, a una fiesta. Flory interrumpió la fiesta enfadada. Más tarde, Flory planeó vengarse envenenando una tarta en la fiesta de cumpleaños de Roseta, pero su plan falló. Esto llevó a más problemas entre Flory y las otras flores.
Aula tic 2.0 en el ceip gibraltar.bloque 1 sesion 1Inma101
Este documento describe cómo crear y personalizar un blog educativo usando la plataforma Blogger. Explica los pasos para crear una cuenta de Gmail, iniciar sesión en Blogger, crear un nuevo blog, cambiar la apariencia seleccionando un diseño y colores diferentes, y agregar entradas nuevas. Proporciona enlaces a ejemplos de blogs educativos existentes para obtener ideas. El objetivo final es que los estudiantes aprendan a usar esta herramienta para compartir contenido en línea.
Aula tic 2.0 en el ceip gibraltar.bloque 1 sesion 1Inma101
Este documento describe cómo crear y personalizar un blog educativo usando la plataforma Blogger. Explica los pasos para crear una cuenta de Gmail, iniciar sesión en Blogger, crear un nuevo blog, cambiar la apariencia seleccionando un diseño y colores diferentes, y agregar entradas nuevas. Proporciona enlaces a ejemplos de blogs educativos existentes para obtener ideas. El objetivo final es que los estudiantes aprendan a usar esta herramienta para compartir contenido en línea.
Aula tic 2.0 en el ies antonio machado.bloque 1 sesión 1Inma101
El documento describe la instalación y uso del software de pizarra digital interactiva Smart Board en diferentes sistemas operativos. Explica cómo instalar Smart Notebook en Windows y las dos opciones para instalarlo en Guadalinex, dependiendo de la versión del sistema operativo Linux. También resume los pasos generales para usar correctamente la pizarra digital, como encender primero el cañón y luego la PDI.
Effect of tip clearance on a centrifugal compressorIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a computational analysis of the effect of tip clearance on a low-speed centrifugal compressor. A centrifugal compressor impeller with three tip clearances (0%, 2%, and 5% of blade height) was examined at five flow coefficients using computational fluid dynamics software. The results found that static and total pressure decreased with increasing tip clearance. Blade loading charts and pressure/velocity contours showed lower pressures and velocities on the blade surfaces with larger tip clearances. In conclusion, tip clearances were found to increase losses in the centrifugal compressor.
El documento presenta una introducción general al procedimiento administrativo, definiendo conceptos clave como iniciación, sustanciación, terminación y ejecución. Explica las diferencias entre el procedimiento administrativo y el civil, y los principios constitucionales, legales y jurisprudenciales que rigen el procedimiento administrativo. También describe las características, fases y principios fundamentales del procedimiento administrativo venezolano.
Make smarter, more confident business decisions faster than ever before. Sage Intelligence helps you transform disparate data into meaningful insights which allow you to make smarter, more confident business decisions and take timely steps of action to sustain and grow your business. Using this Excel-based reporting tool, you’ll be able to put your basic Excel knowledge to work making seemingly complex business reporting as simple as possible.
O documento descreve 5 obras que compõem o patrimônio cultural de Caraguatatuba localizadas na Praça Cândido Mota: 1) Um obelisco de 1919 que marcou o início do saneamento básico na cidade; 2) A Matriz Santo Antônio, a primeira igreja da cidade construída em 1835; 3) Um relógio de sol construído em 1957 para comemorar o primeiro centenário da cidade; 4) Um coreto construído na década de 1930 e reformado em 1971 e 2005; 5) Uma fonte lumin
Analysis of notch sensitivity factor for ss420 and ss431 over en24IAEME Publication
This document summarizes an analysis of notch sensitivity factors for martensitic stainless steels SS420 and SS431 compared to EN24. Finite element analysis found higher stress concentrations at the threaded end of tensioning rods made from SS420 and SS431 compared to EN24. Experimental tensile testing calculated notch sensitivity ratios, with SS420 and SS431 having ratios less than 1, indicating notch sensitivity, while EN24 had a ratio of 1, indicating no sensitivity. Fractography analysis found SS420 and SS431 failed through brittle fracture while EN24 failed through ductile fracture. The study concluded EN24 is the most preferable material due to its high toughness and low notch sensitivity.
This document describes the catalysis of substitution reactions on heterocycles bound to a solid phase. It discusses immobilizing 2,6-dichloropurine on a Rink resin, performing C6-substitution with various amines in high yields, and C2-substitution via palladium-mediated coupling reactions such as Suzuki and amination reactions. It also investigates modifying the polymeric support by treating it with a brominating agent to install bromine complexes on the resin for further substitution chemistries. The reactivity of the bromine complex is explored, finding it performs selective side reactions in dry benzene that are not possible in NMP solvent.
STUDIES ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS FROM CERAMIC COATED DIESEL ENGINE WITH WASTE FRI...IAEME Publication
Experiments were carried out to study exhaust emissions of diesel engine with low heat
rejection (LHR) combustion chamber with ceramic coated cylinder head [ceramic coating of
thickness 500 microns was done on inside portion of cylinder head] with different operating
conditions [normal temperature and pre–heated temperature] of waste fried vegetable oil based
biodiesel with varied injector opening pressure and injection timing. Conventional engine (CE)
showed deteriorated performance, while engine with LHR combustion chamber showed improved
performance with biodiesel operation at manufacturer’s recommended injection timing of 27o bTDC
(before top dead center) and injector opening pressure of 190 bar.
STUDIES ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF CERAMIC COATED DI DIESEL ENGINE FUELLED WITH ...IAEME Publication
- The study examined exhaust emissions from a diesel engine with a ceramic-coated cylinder head (low-grade low heat rejection combustion chamber) fueled with cottonseed biodiesel under various operating conditions.
- Particulate emissions decreased and NOx levels increased with the low heat rejection combustion chamber compared to a conventional engine, due to improved combustion. Biodiesel also reduced particulate emissions but increased NOx levels over diesel.
- Preheating the biodiesel reduced both particulate emissions and NOx emissions in both combustion chamber types by improving fuel properties. Higher injector opening pressure generally improved emissions by enhancing atomization and air-fuel mixing.
STUDIES ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF DIESEL ENGINE WITH CERAMIC COATED COMBUSTION ...IAEME Publication
Vegetable oils and alcohols (methanol and methanol) are important substitutes for diesel fuel as they are renewable in nature. However drawbacks associated with vegetable oils (high viscosity and low volatility) and alcohols (low cetane number) call for engine with hot combustion chamber with its significance characteristics of higher operating temperature, maximum heat release, higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and ability to handle the lower calorific value fuel. Methanol was inducted into the engine through a variable jet carburetor, installed at the inlet manifold of the engine at different percentages of crude vegetable oil at full load operation on mass basis. Crude vegetable oil was injected at near end of compression stroke
INFLUENCE OF INJECTOR OPENING PRESSURE ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS IN DI DIESEL ENGI...IAEME Publication
Experiments were conducted to study exhaust emissions of direct injection (DI) diesel engine with different levels of low heat rejection (LHR) combustion chamber such as i) ceramic coated cylinder head, ii) air gap insulated piston and air gap insulated liner and iii) ceramic coated cylinder head along with air gap insulation with pure diesel operation with varied injector opening pressure.Exhaust emissions of particulate emissions and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were determined at various
values of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of the engine. Particulate emissions were measured by AVL Smoke meter, while NOx by Netel Chromatograph NOx analyzer
STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF CRUDE MAHUA OIL IN...IAEME Publication
Investigations were carried out to evaluate the performance and study exhaust emissions of a single cylinder, four–stroke, water cooled, 3.68 k W at a speed of 1500 rpm with medium grade low heat rejection (LHR) combustion chamber with air gap insulated piston with superni (an alloy of nickel) crown and air gap insulated liner with superni insert with different operating conditions [normal temperature and pre-heated temperature] of crude mahua oil with varied injection timing.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF HIGH GRADE SEMI ADIA...IAEME Publication
Biodiesels derived from vegetable oils present a very promising alternative for diesel fuel, since they have numerous advantages compared to fossil fuels. They are renewable, biodegradable, provide energy security and foreign exchange savings besides addressing environmental concerns and socio–economic issues. However drawbacks associated with biodiesel of high viscosity and low volatility which cause combustion problems in CI engines, call for engine with hot combustion chamber.
EFFECT OF INJECTION PRESSURE ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS AND COMBUSTION CHARA...IAEME Publication
As a renewable, sustainable and alternative fuel for compression ignition engines, biodiesel instead of diesel has been increasingly fueled to study its effects on engine performances and emissions in the recent 10 years. But these studies have been rarely reviewed to favor understanding and popularization for biodiesel so far in conventional diesel engines. Biodiesels derived from vegetable oils present a very promising alternative for diesel fuel, since they have numerous advantages compared to fossil fuels.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
1) The document evaluates the performance of a medium grade low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine operating on Mohr oil in its crude form and biodiesel form.
2) Key findings include the LHR engine showing improved brake thermal efficiency, decreased smoke levels, and increased NOx emissions compared to a conventional engine when operating on Mohr oil biodiesel. The optimum injection timing was also earlier for the LHR engine.
3) Performance was further improved for both the conventional and LHR engines when the Mohr oil biodiesel was preheated to reduce its viscosity before use.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS ON DI-DIESEL ENGINE RUNS WITH THE COMBINATION OF BLENDE...IAEME Publication
An experimental Study is carried out to study the performance and emission on direct injection, diesel engine run with Bio diesel (PaME), Diesel and ethanol blended fuel taking
conventional Diesel as base line. The test fuels (six) are pure Diesel, pure PaME, (95% PaME + 5%
ethanol in vol.), (80% Diesel+15% PaME+5% ethanol in vol.), (95% Diesel + 5% ethanol in vol.),and (80% PaME +15% Diesel +5% ethanol in vol.) respectively.
This document experimentally investigates the performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of a conventional diesel engine and a low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine fueled with diesel and biodiesel (made from jatropha oil). Biodiesel was tested in both the conventional engine and an engine modified with a 0.5mm ceramic thermal barrier coating. Testing was conducted under identical operating conditions. Results showed the LHR engine had higher efficiency and cylinder pressures but also higher NOx emissions compared to the conventional engine. When fueled with biodiesel, the LHR engine performed similarly to when fueled with diesel, though brake thermal efficiency was marginally lower and NOx emissions were higher for biodiesel due to increased in
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION AND COMBUSTION CHAMBER GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION OF DIESE...IAEME Publication
Compression ignition diesel engines are very popular both in stationary and mobile applications. These engines find large applications because of their higher compression ratios,
robustness in design and higher thermal efficiencies. Air is sucked in to the chamber when the piston moves from TDC to BDC through the intake manifold during suction stroke. The fuel in atomized form is sprayed onto the compressed air in the chamber
The document describes an experimental investigation of the combustion and performance characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with blends of karanja biodiesel and diesel. Karanja biodiesel was mixed with diesel in proportions of 20%, 50%, and 100% by volume. The combustion parameters, including cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and mean gas temperature, were analyzed at various load conditions and compared to diesel. The brake thermal efficiency and heat equivalent to useful work of the biodiesel blends were found to be close to diesel. Overall, the KB20 blend provided the best performance based on brake thermal efficiency.
The experimental investigation is made to estimate the combustion and performance
characteristics of direct injection diesel engine using different blends of karanja methyl ester with
diesel. The Karanja biodiesel is mixed with diesel in proportions of 20%, 50% and 100% by volume
and studied under various loading conditions i.e. at No load, 25%, 50%, 75% and full load in diesel
engine. The combustion parameters were found close to that of diesel. The blend of karanja biodiesel
performed complete and smoother combustion process than diesel. The various parameters values
like brake thermal efficiency, and heat equivalent to useful work wererecorded nearest to diesel. The
fuel air ratio also recorded higher than diesel. Whereas the mean gas temperature for pure karanja
biodiesel was higher than diesel which is on account of complete combustion on account of 10-12%
fuel bound oxygen. On the basis of brake thermal efficiency, KB20 blend was found to be the best
blend.
The document summarizes an experimental investigation into the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with preheated corn oil methyl ester (COME) biodiesel at different temperatures. COME was produced via transesterification of corn oil with methanol. The engine was tested using diesel and blends of preheated COME at 50°C, 70°C, and 90°C. Brake thermal efficiency increased and BSFC decreased with COME preheated to 70°C due to improved combustion from reduced viscosity. Exhaust emissions of CO and HC decreased but NOx increased with COME. Performance generally decreased as the COME percentage in blends rose. Preheating COME to 70°C allowed
A Study of Consolidate Heat Energy Generated from Diesel and Biodiesel Fuel f...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the consolidated heat energy generated from diesel and biodiesel fuels in a four-stroke diesel engine. The study measured various heat energy outputs including the heat energy available from fuel burnt, heat energy equivalent to brake power output, heat lost to engine cooling water and exhaust gases, and unaccounted heat losses. Experimental testing was conducted on the engine using jatropha biodiesel blends and pure diesel. Test results show that while brake power outputs were similar between fuels, biodiesel blends had lower heat energy available from fuel and higher overall heat losses compared to pure diesel.
STUDIES ON CONTROL OF ALDEHYDES FROM FOUR STROKE COPPER COATED SPARK IGNITION...IAEME Publication
Investigations were carried out to study aldehyde emissions (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) of a variable speed, variable compression ratio, four–stroke, single–cylinder, spark ignition
(SI)engine having copper coated engine [CCE, copper–(thickness, 300 µ) coated on piston crown and inner side of cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with different catalysts of sponge iron and manganese ore with methanol blended gasoline (80% gasoline and 20% methanol by volume) and compared with conventional engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Dinitrophenyl hydrazine
(DNPH) method was employed for measuring aldehydes.
This document discusses a study that evaluated the performance of a high grade low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine fueled with Mohr oil in both its crude and biodiesel forms. The LHR engine featured an air gap insulated piston, air gap insulated liner, and ceramic coated cylinder head. A conventional engine (CE) was also tested for comparison. Performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency, emissions, and combustion characteristics were measured at various injection pressures and timings. The LHR engine showed improved performance with crude and biodiesel Mohr oil compared to the CE. Optimum injection timings for the LHR engine were 29° bTDC and 30° bTDC for crude and biodiesel Moh
STUDIES ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF A FOUR-STROKE COPPER COATED SPARK IGNITION EN...IAEME Publication
Comparative studies were made on exhaust emissions of a four stroke, single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with gasohol having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 µ) coated on piston crown, inner portion of cylinder head] provided with improved design of catalytic
converter with sponge iron as catalyst and compared with conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and un-burnt hydro carbons (UBHC) were determined at various values of brake mean effective pressure
PERFORMANCE AND COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE F...IAEME Publication
The experimental investigation is made to estimate the combustion and performance characteristics of direct injection diesel engine using different blends of karanja methyl ester with diesel. The Karanja biodiesel is mixed with diesel in proportions of 20%, 50% and 100% by volume and studied under various loading conditions i.e. at No load, 25%, 50%, 75% and full load in diesel engine. The combustion parameters were found close to that of diesel. The blend of karanja biodiesel performed complete and smoother combustion process than diesel.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their MainframePrecisely
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.
FREE A4 Cyber Security Awareness Posters-Social Engineering part 3Data Hops
Free A4 downloadable and printable Cyber Security, Social Engineering Safety and security Training Posters . Promote security awareness in the home or workplace. Lock them Out From training providers datahops.com
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
6. Fig 3: Variation of brake thermal efficiency (BTE) with brake mean effective pressure (BMEP)
in engine with LHR combustion chamber at different injection timings with biodiesel
(BD) operation
Reduction of ignition delay of the biodiesel in the hot environment of the Engine with LHR
combustion chamber improved heat release rates and efficient energy utilization. Preheating of
biodiesel improved performance further in LHR version of the engine. The optimum injection timing
was found to be 30o bTDC with Engine with LHR combustion chamber with normal biodiesel as
well as preheated biodiesel. Since the hot combustion chamber of engine with LHR combustion
chamber reduced ignition delay and combustion duration and hence the optimum injection timing
was obtained earlier with engine with LHR combustion chamber when compared with CE with the
biodiesel operation.
Injector opening pressure was varied from 190 bar to 270 bar to improve the spray
characteristics and atomization of the biodiesel and injection timing was advanced from 27 to 31o
bTDC for CE and engine with LHR combustion chamber.
31
3.2 Exhaust Emissions
From Fig.4, it is observed that lower levels of smoke was observed with both versions of the
combustion chamber with test fuels up to 80% of the full load operation, an beyond that it they
increased drastically. During the first part, the smoke level was more or less constant, as there was
always excess air present.