Pulau Sulawesi merupakan salah satu pulau terbesar di Indonesia dan dikenal memiliki potensi di bidang kelautan, baik dari segi pariwisata hingga potensi perikanannya. Pulau ini dilintasi garis khatuliswa di seperempat bagian utara sehingga sebagian besar wilayahnya berada di belahan bumi selatan. Geografis pulau Sulawesi yang berbeda menyebabkan perbedaan karakteristik parameter oseanografi. Salinitas dan pasang surut air laut merupakan parameter oseanografi yang dapat mempengaruhi keberlangsungan hidup biota di suatu perairan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan studi parameter oseanografi fisika kimia yang meliputi pasang surut dan salinitas di perairan pulau Sulawesi menggunakan data NOAA dan BIG. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa perairan di sekitar Pulau Sulawesi memiliki rerata muka air tinggi sebesar 1,3 meter dan muka air rendah sebesar 0,9 meter. Kemudian dari perhitungan dihasilkan bilangan Formzahl sebesar 0,8 (0,25 < F £ 1,5) yang berarti tipe pasang surut masuk dalam kategori Campuran, cenderung Semi Diurnal. Kemudian hasil analisis salinitas menunjukkan bahwa pada bulan Juli tahun 2020 kandungan salinitas berkisar 29,63 hingga 36,45 ppt dengan rata-rata 33,99 ppt. Pada bulan November 2020 kandungan salinitas berkisar 25,71 hingga 39,74 ppt dengan rata-rata sebesar 33,50 ppt. Pada bulan Februari 2021 kandungan salinitas berkisar 27,23 hingga 37,73 ppt dengan rata-rata sebesar 33,00 ppt. Salinitas terendah diperoleh pada musim penghujan bulan November 2020 dan kandungan salinitas tertinggi pada bulan yang sama di sebagian kecil wilayah. Pada musim kemarau rata-rata kandungan salinitas air laut di perairan Sulawesi relatif tinggi dibandingkan musim penghujan dengan nilai kandungan terendah sebesar 29,63 ppt.
Information about the variability of chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature is a reference to determine the potential fishing area (fishing ground). This study aims to determine the variation of chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature effects on Cakalang (Katsuwonus Pelamis) fish catches in the waters of Sawu sea, East Nusa Tenggara. Predictions of potential areas of skipjack capture are determined based on statistical analysis and multitemporal analysis. The results showed that variations in chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature were very influential with the catches of Cakalang in the waters of Sawu. Chlorophyll-a increases in the East season (June-August) and at the beginning of Transition II (September), so this season has the potential to catch Cakalang fish.
General Discussion: Riset Dampak Perubahan Iklim Global Dengan Menggunakan Ar...widodopranowo
General Discussion: Riset Dampak Perubahan Iklim Global Dengan Menggunakan Argo Float sebagai bahan diskusi di Badan Riset Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia pada 21 April 2005, hasil kerjasama dengan CSIRO Marine Labs Hobart Tasmania.
Replenishment Dynamics of Verugal Heavy Mineral Deposit-Research paperThushan Igalawithana
1. The document discusses a study on the replenishment dynamics of the heavy mineral sand deposit in Verugal Beach, Sri Lanka. Samples were collected and analyzed before and after the Northeast monsoon season.
2. Analysis found that mean grain size and heavy mineral distribution decreased after the monsoon due to increased river discharge and longshore sediment transport. Ilmenite was the dominant mineral near the shoreline while garnet and zircon increased farther inland.
3. Beach width increased during the Southwest monsoon and decreased after the Northeast monsoon. The deposit replenishes more during the Southwest monsoon making it the optimal time for mining to be sustainable.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Groundwater studies related to tropical islands in Malaysia are briefly reviewed. Perspectives are addressed as three aspects: (a) study location, where groundwater studies in Malaysia are conducted in different types of tropical islands (b) methods, namely numerical modeling, geophysical investigations, hydrochemical analysis and geochemical modeling were applied in the studies of groundwater where numerical modeling is the most used method in groundwater studies of Malaysian coastal environment and tropical islands; (c) types of studies, where most of groundwater studies are more focused in investigating the groundwater resources and management as well as seawater intrusion using numerical models and geophysical investigations. This review revealed that main objectives in most of Malaysian groundwater studies in tropical islands are
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Satellite remote sensing is beginning to play an important role in locating potential fishing zones and managing fishery resources by measuring ocean parameters like sea temperature and color from space. Changes in ocean conditions influence fish stocks, so remote sensing provides information on ocean variations and their effects on fish distribution. In India, satellite data on sea surface temperature and chlorophyll are used by INCOIS to create maps of potential fishing zones distributed weekly to fishermen. Remote sensing allows fishermen to reduce scouting time and fuel use locating fishing zones, and provides data for fishery management decisions and assessing fish stocks.
GIS based spatial distribution of Temperature and Chlorophyll-a along Kalpakk...IJERA Editor
This paper briefly describes the status of Temperature and Chlorophyll-a trend in Kalpakkam Coast, discusses its ecological and temperature impacts recommending measures to achieve long term sustainability using advanced tools like Geographic Information System (GIS). Present study reveals the monthly spatial distribution of Temperature and Chlorophyll-a at Kalpakkam. Transect based in-situ Temperature and Chlorophyll-a collected at 200m, 500m and 1 km distance into the sea was interpolated using the Inverse Distance Weightage (IDW) method in ARC GIS. Data revealed the extent of spatial distribution of thermal effluent in Kalpakkam. It could be found that temperature range of 26.2 – 31.9°C provided substantial Chlorophyll-a concentration between 0.8 – 2.9 mg/m3 for surface and bottom waters. Further, increase of Chlorophyll-a levels did not lead to higher productivity. Combined temperature and chlorophyll a showed little synergistic effects. It is concluded that the effect of thermal discharge from the power plant into the receiving water body is quite localized and productivity of the coastal waters are not affected. From the results obtained, the spatial data has been found to be useful in determining zones of safe use of seawater and to understand the extent of relationship between the relatable parameters.
Information about the variability of chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature is a reference to determine the potential fishing area (fishing ground). This study aims to determine the variation of chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature effects on Cakalang (Katsuwonus Pelamis) fish catches in the waters of Sawu sea, East Nusa Tenggara. Predictions of potential areas of skipjack capture are determined based on statistical analysis and multitemporal analysis. The results showed that variations in chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature were very influential with the catches of Cakalang in the waters of Sawu. Chlorophyll-a increases in the East season (June-August) and at the beginning of Transition II (September), so this season has the potential to catch Cakalang fish.
General Discussion: Riset Dampak Perubahan Iklim Global Dengan Menggunakan Ar...widodopranowo
General Discussion: Riset Dampak Perubahan Iklim Global Dengan Menggunakan Argo Float sebagai bahan diskusi di Badan Riset Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia pada 21 April 2005, hasil kerjasama dengan CSIRO Marine Labs Hobart Tasmania.
Replenishment Dynamics of Verugal Heavy Mineral Deposit-Research paperThushan Igalawithana
1. The document discusses a study on the replenishment dynamics of the heavy mineral sand deposit in Verugal Beach, Sri Lanka. Samples were collected and analyzed before and after the Northeast monsoon season.
2. Analysis found that mean grain size and heavy mineral distribution decreased after the monsoon due to increased river discharge and longshore sediment transport. Ilmenite was the dominant mineral near the shoreline while garnet and zircon increased farther inland.
3. Beach width increased during the Southwest monsoon and decreased after the Northeast monsoon. The deposit replenishes more during the Southwest monsoon making it the optimal time for mining to be sustainable.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Groundwater studies related to tropical islands in Malaysia are briefly reviewed. Perspectives are addressed as three aspects: (a) study location, where groundwater studies in Malaysia are conducted in different types of tropical islands (b) methods, namely numerical modeling, geophysical investigations, hydrochemical analysis and geochemical modeling were applied in the studies of groundwater where numerical modeling is the most used method in groundwater studies of Malaysian coastal environment and tropical islands; (c) types of studies, where most of groundwater studies are more focused in investigating the groundwater resources and management as well as seawater intrusion using numerical models and geophysical investigations. This review revealed that main objectives in most of Malaysian groundwater studies in tropical islands are
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Satellite remote sensing is beginning to play an important role in locating potential fishing zones and managing fishery resources by measuring ocean parameters like sea temperature and color from space. Changes in ocean conditions influence fish stocks, so remote sensing provides information on ocean variations and their effects on fish distribution. In India, satellite data on sea surface temperature and chlorophyll are used by INCOIS to create maps of potential fishing zones distributed weekly to fishermen. Remote sensing allows fishermen to reduce scouting time and fuel use locating fishing zones, and provides data for fishery management decisions and assessing fish stocks.
GIS based spatial distribution of Temperature and Chlorophyll-a along Kalpakk...IJERA Editor
This paper briefly describes the status of Temperature and Chlorophyll-a trend in Kalpakkam Coast, discusses its ecological and temperature impacts recommending measures to achieve long term sustainability using advanced tools like Geographic Information System (GIS). Present study reveals the monthly spatial distribution of Temperature and Chlorophyll-a at Kalpakkam. Transect based in-situ Temperature and Chlorophyll-a collected at 200m, 500m and 1 km distance into the sea was interpolated using the Inverse Distance Weightage (IDW) method in ARC GIS. Data revealed the extent of spatial distribution of thermal effluent in Kalpakkam. It could be found that temperature range of 26.2 – 31.9°C provided substantial Chlorophyll-a concentration between 0.8 – 2.9 mg/m3 for surface and bottom waters. Further, increase of Chlorophyll-a levels did not lead to higher productivity. Combined temperature and chlorophyll a showed little synergistic effects. It is concluded that the effect of thermal discharge from the power plant into the receiving water body is quite localized and productivity of the coastal waters are not affected. From the results obtained, the spatial data has been found to be useful in determining zones of safe use of seawater and to understand the extent of relationship between the relatable parameters.
Investigation of the Tidal Character in Bawean Island East Java Using Admiral...Luhur Moekti Prayogo
This document summarizes a study that used the Admiralty method to analyze tidal characteristics in the waters around Bawean Island, East Java, Indonesia. The study utilized 15 days of tidal data from November 2020. The tidal analysis identified nine harmonic components, including M2, S2, N2, K1, O1, P1, M4, MS4, and K2. These components determined the tidal type to be mixed with a semidiurnal tendency, characterized by a Formzahl number of 0.3512. The primary tidal constituents were O1, K1, M2, and S2, with amplitudes of 11.79347, 30.14857, 55.72241, and 63.698
This study aims to analyze the influence of physical and chemical factors on the
existence of Kurau Fish (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) in the Maro River Estuary of
Merauke Regency. Data collection was carried out by measuring the environmental
parameters directly, namely temperature, salinity and pH, while the fish catch data of
Kurau was obtained by calculating directly the number of catches per trip with the data
amount of 34 data. Environmental factor data and catch results were tested statistically
using regression models. The results showed that environmental factors that influence
the presence of Kurau Fish in the Maro River Estuary are water temperature and
salinity.
Interface change of seawater and freshwater on Asam – Asam Watersheds, South ...Innspub Net
Temporal change of seawater and fresh water interface in the watershed area needs scientific study on dynamics of ecosystem parameters in different seasons and analysis of satellite imagery. This research aims to assess the change of interface seawater and freshwater from the temporal estuary upstream. The study used four methods: (1) Interviews with local community respondents; determined with snowball method. (2) Secondary data obtained from the Report of Environmental Monitoring Result of Power Plant Operations of Asam – Asam in 2014 (3) Observed parameters include pH, salinity, electrical conductivity in the dry season (August), transition (October) and rainy season (December). (4) Temporal observations with the use of satellite imagery analysis with Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) as indicator. According to the respondent, seawater intrusion has occurred extremely from the estuary of Asam-Asam river to the upstream. Secondary data shows significant differences in the intake value of DHL Asam-Asam power plant (546 μ mhos/cm) with upstream intake (231 μ mhos/cm) which means the intrusion of sea water is moderate to high level. Field observations show the dry season (August 2013) interface was 12.86 miles from the estuary, whereas in transitional season (October 2013) was 12.53 miles from estuary, and rainy season (December 2013) is 5.24 km from the estuary. Satellite imagery showed the interface in 1991 was 8.13 miles from the estuary and increase upstream from 0.03 to 1.86 per year. In 2014, the interface becomes 12.88 miles from the estuary. This shows that the sea water increasingly moving toward the river. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/
Remote Sensing Techniques for Oceanography Satelitte and In Situ ObservationsA.Tuğsan İşiaçık Çolak
The document discusses remote sensing techniques for monitoring the hydrosphere. It begins with definitions of earth science, hydrology, and oceanography. It then discusses why studying the oceans is important for understanding climate, weather, and ocean-atmosphere interactions. The document outlines various applications of remote sensing for hydrological and ocean/coastal monitoring. It discusses important ocean parameters like temperature, currents, and salinity. Finally, it provides technical details on specific satellite instruments used for measuring sea surface temperature, like MODIS, MERIS, AVHRR, and AATSR.
Seasonal Variations and Diversity of Marine Diatoms of Jegathapattinam and Ka...IJSRD
This document summarizes a study on the seasonal variations and diversity of marine diatoms in two locations along the southeast coast of India from June 2011 to May 2012. A total of 52 species of diatoms from 38 genera were identified. Higher diatom populations were observed during the summer months when dissolved oxygen levels were lowest. The seasonal distribution and abundance of diatoms varied in relation to environmental factors like rainfall, temperature, salinity, pH, nutrients and dissolved oxygen which fluctuated over the study period.
Fluctuation of NO3-N and PO4 Elements in The Traditional Pond Area at TidesIJAEMSJORNAL
Traditional pond technology depends on nature in management, such as filling and disposal of pond water utilizing the time of low and high tides. The food for traditional pond technology comes from nature. The availability of nutrients such as N and P greatly determines the productivity of pond. The study was aimed to determine the fluctuations of N and P elements in traditional pond areas at tides. This research was conducted with purposive sampling method and laboratory analysis for several water parameters. The results showed that pH ranged from 7 to 8 both at low tide and high tide. The average value of nitrate (NO3) from five locations was extended from 0.106 to 1.495 mg/l. The value of silica (Si) ranged from 5,287 to 10,876 mg/l in low tide. Orthophosphate at low tide ranged from 0.027 to 0.090 mg/l, the highest value was in the coast station and the lowest was in the sea station. Whereas the value of nitrate (NO3) and orthophosphate in high tide ranged from 0.830 to 1.495 mg/l and 0.039 to 0.090 mg/l. Nutrients were abundant enough to support the growth and development of primary producers. So, the waters in this region include fertile waters.
Spatial and temporal hydrochemistry variations of karst water in Gunung Sewu,...UniversitasGadjahMada
The document summarizes a study of the spatial and temporal variations in hydrochemistry in the Gunung Sewu karst region of Java, Indonesia. The study analyzed data from monitoring stations in the Bribin underground river catchment in eastern Gunung Sewu and the Petoyan Spring in western Gunung Sewu over one year. The results showed differences in hydrochemistry between the dry and rainy seasons as well as differences between locations, with various geochemical parameters correlating more strongly in the dry season.
This document provides information about the editorial board of the journal "Sustainable Marine Structures". It lists the editor-in-chief, associate editors, and 34 editorial board members along with their affiliations. It also provides brief information about the journal, including its ISSN number, volume and issue details. The contents section lists 5 articles in the current issue along with their titles and authors.
This document summarizes a study that assessed fish community structure at coral reefs around Pramuka Island, Indonesia at depths of 3 meters and 10 meters. The researchers surveyed hard coral cover and counted fish species at the two depths. They found that hard coral cover was generally higher at 3 meters compared to 10 meters. A total of 2620 individual fish from 58 species were counted belonging to 13 families. Pomacentridae was the most abundant family. Fish abundance, species richness, and diversity did not significantly differ between depths but did differ between study sites. The fish communities at both depths were dominated by omnivorous fish. Multivariate analysis showed clustering of fish communities between the two depths.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed total suspended solids (TSS) in Sibolga Waters, Indonesia using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery on Google Earth Engine cloud technology. TSS results showed levels between 0-120 mg/liter, with some areas exceeding Indonesian environmental standards. The highest TSS levels were influenced by tidal patterns, weather, rainfall, and human activities like fishing and waste disposal. Sentinel-2 imagery was found to be effective for mapping TSS distribution in the waters.
This document summarizes a study on the influence of vertical thermal and dissolved oxygen trends on fish species in Oguta Lake, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from various depths and analyzed for temperature and dissolved oxygen over one year. The results show that temperature generally decreases with depth, from 22-28.4°C near the surface to 22-24.5°C deeper in the lake. Dissolved oxygen also decreases with depth. These vertical trends indicate that Oguta Lake is thermally stratified and eutrophic. Certain temperature and oxygen levels are favorable for fish spawning, growth and migration. Some fish are more active near the surface and susceptible to catching, while others prefer deeper waters. The hypolimnion shows
This document summarizes the climate, oceanography, habitats, and threats facing the Papuan Bird's Head Seascape region of eastern Indonesia. Key points:
- The region experiences distinct northwest and southeast monsoon seasons which influence wind, rainfall, and ocean currents.
- It contains over 600 coral species and 1,638 reef fish species, and is a global center of marine biodiversity. Habitats include coral reefs, mangroves, and sea turtle nesting beaches.
- Rapid development in industries like fisheries, oil/gas, and mining since 2001 has accelerated environmental deterioration through activities like coastal development and illegal fishing.
- However, the region's governments have also expanded marine
Abundance Plankton and Analysis Stomach Content and Trophic Level in Makassar...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The research aims to know the condition of environmental parameters both from biological factors and physical factors of the Makassar Strait during the East season. The usability of the research ie can be to build and simulate dynamic models of fisheries systems. Data Collection has been carried since May 2019 to November 2019. Data collection on environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, flow velocity) and nutrients (nitrates and phosphates), phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance, , and gastric contents analysis were carried out, Method for analysing was used analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare environmental parameters, nutrients and abundance of plankton between the three districts observed. The relationship between the abundance of plankton with environmental parameters was analyzed by using multiple linear regression analysis. Determination of trophic level is based on analysis of gastric contents using the TrophLab 2K program. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) between observation stations grouped in 6 months of observation showed that salinity was significantly different between locations and months of observation, temperature and pH were significantly different between months but did not differ according to location of observation, whereas DO levels did not show differences either between locations. The results of identification of phytoplankton types obtained during this research were dominated by diatoms. The type of zooplankton obtained is generally dominated by copepods. The result of gastric surgery is 10 dominant and economically valuable fish's species belonging to planktivor, omnivor and carnivor fish, and based on ecosystems including pelagic and demersal fish.
Trends in seagrass research and conservation in Malaysian watersAbdullaAlAsif1
The seagrass ecosystems found in the marine and coastal areas, with substantial economic and ecological services and span all over the globe excluding the Antarctic region. The Coral Triangle and Southeast Asia are recognized as a worldwide hotspot of seagrass species and habitats, encompassing 10-21 species of seagrass in every nation , although the study, understanding, and quantity of publications on seagrass ecosystems are rather limited in the region, including Malaysia. Malaysia contains 18 seagrass species from three families, which occupy 16.8 km 2 of coastal area, where the study and discovery of seagrass species and meadows began in 1904 with the report of Beccari. All of the published papers reviewed reported on Malaysian seagrass-related research, which was divided into nine topic groups: biology and distribution, carbon sequestration, fauna, remote sensing, impact and pollution genetic study, restoration , microbiological investigation, and others. The extensive study of the seagrass ecosystem began in 1993, and we have identified 183 published papers from Scopus, 141 publications from Web of Science, and 42 from Google Scholar. However, the average trend of the number of publications from 1993 to 1999 was 0.71 ± 0.36, while from 2000 to 2022 was 7.70 ± 1.16 followed by the average trend of the yearly number of publications was 6.78 ± 1.08. The highest number of publications was found on faunal categories (43.17%), followed by biology and distribution (21.85%). The number of articles that were published on Malaysian seagrass meadows each year has been discovered to be rising, which indicates that the trends in seagrass study and publishing were progressively garnering the attention of researchers, academics, and the government. However, to better understand the sustainable ecology and ecosystem services provided by seagrass habitats, an emphasis on certain research niches, such as the genetic study of flora and fauna in seagrass meadows, microbial ecology, and restoration as well as conservation of seagrass species might be helpful.
Plankton diversity and aquatic ecology of a freshwater lake (L3) at Bharti Is...GJESM Publication
The Larsemann Hills range is an ice-free oasis on the Ingrid Christensen Coast of Princess Elizabeth
Land, East Antarctica, which includes Bharti Island, Fisher Island, McLeod Island, Broknes Peninsula, Stornes
Peninsula, and several other islands, promontories, and nunataks. The Larsemann Hills is an ice-free area of
approximately 50 km2, located halfway between the Vestfold Hills and the Amery Ice Shelf on the south-eastern
coast of Prydz Bay, Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica. The ice-free area consists of two major peninsulas (Stornes and Broknes), four minor peninsulas, and approximately 130 near shore islands. The Larsemann Hills area contains more than 150 lakes at different Islands and peninsulas. Bharti Island of Larsemann Hills in east Antarctica was selected as a sampling site for the present study. Water sample was collected from a freshwater lake during XXXth Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica (ISEA) and analyzed for the physico-chemical parameters, major elements, trace metals and major plankton diversity in surface lake water by following standard methodology. The concentrations of metals Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cr were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Phytoplankton and zooplankton were also assessed in the aquatic ecosystem of Lake L3 at Bharti Island, Larsemann Hills over east Antarctica. Psychrophillic bacteria were found 71 cfu in lake water, while total bacterial count was found to be 5.4 × 102cfu.
Identification of three_dominant_rainfall_regions_Lasriama Siahaan
This document describes a study that identifies three dominant rainfall regions in Indonesia based on an analysis of rainfall data from 1961-1993. The study uses a "double correlation method" to objectively classify regions based on the similarity of their annual rainfall cycles. The results identify three distinct regions: Region A covers southern Indonesia, Region B covers northwest Indonesia, and Region C covers parts of Sulawesi and Maluku. Each region exhibits a unique annual rainfall cycle and response to factors like the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. The relationships between sea surface temperatures and rainfall variability in each region are also analyzed.
Ecology and feeding behavior of Sanguinolaria acuminata (Reeve, 1857) (Bival...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
OSJ 2019 : Practical Resilience Index for Coral Reef Assessmentanbiocore
This document proposes a new index for assessing coral reef resilience based on data collected from line-intercept transects. The index was modified from an existing soil resilience index. Six variables were statistically selected as resilience indicators: coral functional group, coral habitat quality, sand-silt cover, coral cover, coral small-size number, and algae-other-fauna cover. Maximum values of five variables were determined as the best state, while the maximum value of coral small-size number was determined from 1240 data sets of Indonesian reefs. The resilience index performed well in relation to changes in coral cover, algae-other-fauna cover, and sand-silt cover. Managers can use this tool to
Seasonal Variability and Behavior of Hydrographic and Nutrient Parameters in ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online
Residual Analysis and Tidal Harmonic Components in Bangkalan Regency, East JavaLuhur Moekti Prayogo
Bangkalan Regency is one of Madura, East Java, where some of its areas are located in a coastal environment. The coastal environment can experience economic development due to the transportation aspect so that many industries have been established in that environment. Studies on oceanographic parameters are essential because management of coastal environments can not be separated from oceanographic information: The tides information about the tidal characteristics can be obtained after performing a harmonic analysis, which produces the value of harmonic components. This study analyses the residue and tidal harmonic components using the LP-Tides Matlab software in the Sepulu district, Bangkalan Regency, East Java. The data used are January 2021 data from the Geospatial Information Agency. This research shows that the main harmonic components generated include K2, M4, MS4, M2, S2, N2, K1, O1, and P1. The tidal type shows that the Sepulu district is a semi-diurnal type with a Formzahl number = 0.08566. The maximum observation and prediction data values for January 2021 in the Sepulu district are 978 and 1273.64 mm. The MSL value is 434 mm, with an average tidal residue value between the observation and predictive data = 166.01 mm. Then the calculation of the RMSE value and standard deviations are 12.88 and 125.90 mm
Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Teknologi AI dalam Pembuatan PTK bagi Guru SDN Karangas...Luhur Moekti Prayogo
The purpose of this study is to increase a solid understanding for teachers of SDN Karangasem, Jenu about the basic concepts of AI, including how AI works, the types of algorithms used and teachers can overcome their lack of knowledge in utilization in improving the quality of learning and preparing students to face an increasingly connected and technology-oriented world. The method used by an extension is to increase teacher understanding of the importance of PTK in improving the quality of education. And the implementation of socialization regarding the process and steps in making PTK with the help of AI technology through GPT Chat media. The results obtained that advances in Artificial Intelligence Technology help teachers to create a learning process that is more exciting/interesting and not boring with various applications available and eases the task of teachers in the evaluation or administration process.
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Investigation of the Tidal Character in Bawean Island East Java Using Admiral...Luhur Moekti Prayogo
This document summarizes a study that used the Admiralty method to analyze tidal characteristics in the waters around Bawean Island, East Java, Indonesia. The study utilized 15 days of tidal data from November 2020. The tidal analysis identified nine harmonic components, including M2, S2, N2, K1, O1, P1, M4, MS4, and K2. These components determined the tidal type to be mixed with a semidiurnal tendency, characterized by a Formzahl number of 0.3512. The primary tidal constituents were O1, K1, M2, and S2, with amplitudes of 11.79347, 30.14857, 55.72241, and 63.698
This study aims to analyze the influence of physical and chemical factors on the
existence of Kurau Fish (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) in the Maro River Estuary of
Merauke Regency. Data collection was carried out by measuring the environmental
parameters directly, namely temperature, salinity and pH, while the fish catch data of
Kurau was obtained by calculating directly the number of catches per trip with the data
amount of 34 data. Environmental factor data and catch results were tested statistically
using regression models. The results showed that environmental factors that influence
the presence of Kurau Fish in the Maro River Estuary are water temperature and
salinity.
Interface change of seawater and freshwater on Asam – Asam Watersheds, South ...Innspub Net
Temporal change of seawater and fresh water interface in the watershed area needs scientific study on dynamics of ecosystem parameters in different seasons and analysis of satellite imagery. This research aims to assess the change of interface seawater and freshwater from the temporal estuary upstream. The study used four methods: (1) Interviews with local community respondents; determined with snowball method. (2) Secondary data obtained from the Report of Environmental Monitoring Result of Power Plant Operations of Asam – Asam in 2014 (3) Observed parameters include pH, salinity, electrical conductivity in the dry season (August), transition (October) and rainy season (December). (4) Temporal observations with the use of satellite imagery analysis with Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) as indicator. According to the respondent, seawater intrusion has occurred extremely from the estuary of Asam-Asam river to the upstream. Secondary data shows significant differences in the intake value of DHL Asam-Asam power plant (546 μ mhos/cm) with upstream intake (231 μ mhos/cm) which means the intrusion of sea water is moderate to high level. Field observations show the dry season (August 2013) interface was 12.86 miles from the estuary, whereas in transitional season (October 2013) was 12.53 miles from estuary, and rainy season (December 2013) is 5.24 km from the estuary. Satellite imagery showed the interface in 1991 was 8.13 miles from the estuary and increase upstream from 0.03 to 1.86 per year. In 2014, the interface becomes 12.88 miles from the estuary. This shows that the sea water increasingly moving toward the river. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-4-april-2015-jbes/
Remote Sensing Techniques for Oceanography Satelitte and In Situ ObservationsA.Tuğsan İşiaçık Çolak
The document discusses remote sensing techniques for monitoring the hydrosphere. It begins with definitions of earth science, hydrology, and oceanography. It then discusses why studying the oceans is important for understanding climate, weather, and ocean-atmosphere interactions. The document outlines various applications of remote sensing for hydrological and ocean/coastal monitoring. It discusses important ocean parameters like temperature, currents, and salinity. Finally, it provides technical details on specific satellite instruments used for measuring sea surface temperature, like MODIS, MERIS, AVHRR, and AATSR.
Seasonal Variations and Diversity of Marine Diatoms of Jegathapattinam and Ka...IJSRD
This document summarizes a study on the seasonal variations and diversity of marine diatoms in two locations along the southeast coast of India from June 2011 to May 2012. A total of 52 species of diatoms from 38 genera were identified. Higher diatom populations were observed during the summer months when dissolved oxygen levels were lowest. The seasonal distribution and abundance of diatoms varied in relation to environmental factors like rainfall, temperature, salinity, pH, nutrients and dissolved oxygen which fluctuated over the study period.
Fluctuation of NO3-N and PO4 Elements in The Traditional Pond Area at TidesIJAEMSJORNAL
Traditional pond technology depends on nature in management, such as filling and disposal of pond water utilizing the time of low and high tides. The food for traditional pond technology comes from nature. The availability of nutrients such as N and P greatly determines the productivity of pond. The study was aimed to determine the fluctuations of N and P elements in traditional pond areas at tides. This research was conducted with purposive sampling method and laboratory analysis for several water parameters. The results showed that pH ranged from 7 to 8 both at low tide and high tide. The average value of nitrate (NO3) from five locations was extended from 0.106 to 1.495 mg/l. The value of silica (Si) ranged from 5,287 to 10,876 mg/l in low tide. Orthophosphate at low tide ranged from 0.027 to 0.090 mg/l, the highest value was in the coast station and the lowest was in the sea station. Whereas the value of nitrate (NO3) and orthophosphate in high tide ranged from 0.830 to 1.495 mg/l and 0.039 to 0.090 mg/l. Nutrients were abundant enough to support the growth and development of primary producers. So, the waters in this region include fertile waters.
Spatial and temporal hydrochemistry variations of karst water in Gunung Sewu,...UniversitasGadjahMada
The document summarizes a study of the spatial and temporal variations in hydrochemistry in the Gunung Sewu karst region of Java, Indonesia. The study analyzed data from monitoring stations in the Bribin underground river catchment in eastern Gunung Sewu and the Petoyan Spring in western Gunung Sewu over one year. The results showed differences in hydrochemistry between the dry and rainy seasons as well as differences between locations, with various geochemical parameters correlating more strongly in the dry season.
This document provides information about the editorial board of the journal "Sustainable Marine Structures". It lists the editor-in-chief, associate editors, and 34 editorial board members along with their affiliations. It also provides brief information about the journal, including its ISSN number, volume and issue details. The contents section lists 5 articles in the current issue along with their titles and authors.
This document summarizes a study that assessed fish community structure at coral reefs around Pramuka Island, Indonesia at depths of 3 meters and 10 meters. The researchers surveyed hard coral cover and counted fish species at the two depths. They found that hard coral cover was generally higher at 3 meters compared to 10 meters. A total of 2620 individual fish from 58 species were counted belonging to 13 families. Pomacentridae was the most abundant family. Fish abundance, species richness, and diversity did not significantly differ between depths but did differ between study sites. The fish communities at both depths were dominated by omnivorous fish. Multivariate analysis showed clustering of fish communities between the two depths.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed total suspended solids (TSS) in Sibolga Waters, Indonesia using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery on Google Earth Engine cloud technology. TSS results showed levels between 0-120 mg/liter, with some areas exceeding Indonesian environmental standards. The highest TSS levels were influenced by tidal patterns, weather, rainfall, and human activities like fishing and waste disposal. Sentinel-2 imagery was found to be effective for mapping TSS distribution in the waters.
This document summarizes a study on the influence of vertical thermal and dissolved oxygen trends on fish species in Oguta Lake, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from various depths and analyzed for temperature and dissolved oxygen over one year. The results show that temperature generally decreases with depth, from 22-28.4°C near the surface to 22-24.5°C deeper in the lake. Dissolved oxygen also decreases with depth. These vertical trends indicate that Oguta Lake is thermally stratified and eutrophic. Certain temperature and oxygen levels are favorable for fish spawning, growth and migration. Some fish are more active near the surface and susceptible to catching, while others prefer deeper waters. The hypolimnion shows
This document summarizes the climate, oceanography, habitats, and threats facing the Papuan Bird's Head Seascape region of eastern Indonesia. Key points:
- The region experiences distinct northwest and southeast monsoon seasons which influence wind, rainfall, and ocean currents.
- It contains over 600 coral species and 1,638 reef fish species, and is a global center of marine biodiversity. Habitats include coral reefs, mangroves, and sea turtle nesting beaches.
- Rapid development in industries like fisheries, oil/gas, and mining since 2001 has accelerated environmental deterioration through activities like coastal development and illegal fishing.
- However, the region's governments have also expanded marine
Abundance Plankton and Analysis Stomach Content and Trophic Level in Makassar...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The research aims to know the condition of environmental parameters both from biological factors and physical factors of the Makassar Strait during the East season. The usability of the research ie can be to build and simulate dynamic models of fisheries systems. Data Collection has been carried since May 2019 to November 2019. Data collection on environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, flow velocity) and nutrients (nitrates and phosphates), phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance, , and gastric contents analysis were carried out, Method for analysing was used analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare environmental parameters, nutrients and abundance of plankton between the three districts observed. The relationship between the abundance of plankton with environmental parameters was analyzed by using multiple linear regression analysis. Determination of trophic level is based on analysis of gastric contents using the TrophLab 2K program. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) between observation stations grouped in 6 months of observation showed that salinity was significantly different between locations and months of observation, temperature and pH were significantly different between months but did not differ according to location of observation, whereas DO levels did not show differences either between locations. The results of identification of phytoplankton types obtained during this research were dominated by diatoms. The type of zooplankton obtained is generally dominated by copepods. The result of gastric surgery is 10 dominant and economically valuable fish's species belonging to planktivor, omnivor and carnivor fish, and based on ecosystems including pelagic and demersal fish.
Trends in seagrass research and conservation in Malaysian watersAbdullaAlAsif1
The seagrass ecosystems found in the marine and coastal areas, with substantial economic and ecological services and span all over the globe excluding the Antarctic region. The Coral Triangle and Southeast Asia are recognized as a worldwide hotspot of seagrass species and habitats, encompassing 10-21 species of seagrass in every nation , although the study, understanding, and quantity of publications on seagrass ecosystems are rather limited in the region, including Malaysia. Malaysia contains 18 seagrass species from three families, which occupy 16.8 km 2 of coastal area, where the study and discovery of seagrass species and meadows began in 1904 with the report of Beccari. All of the published papers reviewed reported on Malaysian seagrass-related research, which was divided into nine topic groups: biology and distribution, carbon sequestration, fauna, remote sensing, impact and pollution genetic study, restoration , microbiological investigation, and others. The extensive study of the seagrass ecosystem began in 1993, and we have identified 183 published papers from Scopus, 141 publications from Web of Science, and 42 from Google Scholar. However, the average trend of the number of publications from 1993 to 1999 was 0.71 ± 0.36, while from 2000 to 2022 was 7.70 ± 1.16 followed by the average trend of the yearly number of publications was 6.78 ± 1.08. The highest number of publications was found on faunal categories (43.17%), followed by biology and distribution (21.85%). The number of articles that were published on Malaysian seagrass meadows each year has been discovered to be rising, which indicates that the trends in seagrass study and publishing were progressively garnering the attention of researchers, academics, and the government. However, to better understand the sustainable ecology and ecosystem services provided by seagrass habitats, an emphasis on certain research niches, such as the genetic study of flora and fauna in seagrass meadows, microbial ecology, and restoration as well as conservation of seagrass species might be helpful.
Plankton diversity and aquatic ecology of a freshwater lake (L3) at Bharti Is...GJESM Publication
The Larsemann Hills range is an ice-free oasis on the Ingrid Christensen Coast of Princess Elizabeth
Land, East Antarctica, which includes Bharti Island, Fisher Island, McLeod Island, Broknes Peninsula, Stornes
Peninsula, and several other islands, promontories, and nunataks. The Larsemann Hills is an ice-free area of
approximately 50 km2, located halfway between the Vestfold Hills and the Amery Ice Shelf on the south-eastern
coast of Prydz Bay, Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica. The ice-free area consists of two major peninsulas (Stornes and Broknes), four minor peninsulas, and approximately 130 near shore islands. The Larsemann Hills area contains more than 150 lakes at different Islands and peninsulas. Bharti Island of Larsemann Hills in east Antarctica was selected as a sampling site for the present study. Water sample was collected from a freshwater lake during XXXth Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica (ISEA) and analyzed for the physico-chemical parameters, major elements, trace metals and major plankton diversity in surface lake water by following standard methodology. The concentrations of metals Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cr were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Phytoplankton and zooplankton were also assessed in the aquatic ecosystem of Lake L3 at Bharti Island, Larsemann Hills over east Antarctica. Psychrophillic bacteria were found 71 cfu in lake water, while total bacterial count was found to be 5.4 × 102cfu.
Identification of three_dominant_rainfall_regions_Lasriama Siahaan
This document describes a study that identifies three dominant rainfall regions in Indonesia based on an analysis of rainfall data from 1961-1993. The study uses a "double correlation method" to objectively classify regions based on the similarity of their annual rainfall cycles. The results identify three distinct regions: Region A covers southern Indonesia, Region B covers northwest Indonesia, and Region C covers parts of Sulawesi and Maluku. Each region exhibits a unique annual rainfall cycle and response to factors like the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. The relationships between sea surface temperatures and rainfall variability in each region are also analyzed.
Ecology and feeding behavior of Sanguinolaria acuminata (Reeve, 1857) (Bival...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
OSJ 2019 : Practical Resilience Index for Coral Reef Assessmentanbiocore
This document proposes a new index for assessing coral reef resilience based on data collected from line-intercept transects. The index was modified from an existing soil resilience index. Six variables were statistically selected as resilience indicators: coral functional group, coral habitat quality, sand-silt cover, coral cover, coral small-size number, and algae-other-fauna cover. Maximum values of five variables were determined as the best state, while the maximum value of coral small-size number was determined from 1240 data sets of Indonesian reefs. The resilience index performed well in relation to changes in coral cover, algae-other-fauna cover, and sand-silt cover. Managers can use this tool to
Seasonal Variability and Behavior of Hydrographic and Nutrient Parameters in ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) multidisciplinary peer-reviewed Journal with reputable academics and experts as board member. IOSR-JESTFT is designed for the prompt publication of peer-reviewed articles in all areas of subject. The journal articles will be accessed freely online
Similar to Studi Parameter Oseanografi Fisika dan Kimia di Perairan Pulau Sulawesi, Indonesia (20)
Residual Analysis and Tidal Harmonic Components in Bangkalan Regency, East JavaLuhur Moekti Prayogo
Bangkalan Regency is one of Madura, East Java, where some of its areas are located in a coastal environment. The coastal environment can experience economic development due to the transportation aspect so that many industries have been established in that environment. Studies on oceanographic parameters are essential because management of coastal environments can not be separated from oceanographic information: The tides information about the tidal characteristics can be obtained after performing a harmonic analysis, which produces the value of harmonic components. This study analyses the residue and tidal harmonic components using the LP-Tides Matlab software in the Sepulu district, Bangkalan Regency, East Java. The data used are January 2021 data from the Geospatial Information Agency. This research shows that the main harmonic components generated include K2, M4, MS4, M2, S2, N2, K1, O1, and P1. The tidal type shows that the Sepulu district is a semi-diurnal type with a Formzahl number = 0.08566. The maximum observation and prediction data values for January 2021 in the Sepulu district are 978 and 1273.64 mm. The MSL value is 434 mm, with an average tidal residue value between the observation and predictive data = 166.01 mm. Then the calculation of the RMSE value and standard deviations are 12.88 and 125.90 mm
Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Teknologi AI dalam Pembuatan PTK bagi Guru SDN Karangas...Luhur Moekti Prayogo
The purpose of this study is to increase a solid understanding for teachers of SDN Karangasem, Jenu about the basic concepts of AI, including how AI works, the types of algorithms used and teachers can overcome their lack of knowledge in utilization in improving the quality of learning and preparing students to face an increasingly connected and technology-oriented world. The method used by an extension is to increase teacher understanding of the importance of PTK in improving the quality of education. And the implementation of socialization regarding the process and steps in making PTK with the help of AI technology through GPT Chat media. The results obtained that advances in Artificial Intelligence Technology help teachers to create a learning process that is more exciting/interesting and not boring with various applications available and eases the task of teachers in the evaluation or administration process.
Penginderaan Jauh - Prinsip Dasar Penginderaan Jauh (By. Pratiwi)Luhur Moekti Prayogo
Penginderaan jauh adalah ilmu dan teknik untuk memperoleh informasi tentang suatu objek, daerah, atau fenomena melalui analisis data yang diperoleh dari jarak jauh tanpa kontak langsung menggunakan sensor. Penginderaan jauh memiliki keunggulan seperti dapat menangkap daerah luas, sifatnya permanen, dan dapat digunakan untuk berbagai bidang seperti pertanian, kehutanan, dan pemetaan.
Penginderaan Jauh - Prinsip Dasar Penginderaan Jauh (By. Udis Sunardi)Luhur Moekti Prayogo
Tugas 1 Mata Kuliah Penginderaan Jauh (3 SKS), Nama : Udis Sunardi, NIM : 1310210011, Dosen Pengampu: Luhur Moekti Prayogo, S.Si., M.Eng, Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban 2023
Penginderaan Jauh - Prinsip Dasar Penginderaan Jauh (By. Saiful Mukminin)Luhur Moekti Prayogo
Makalah ini membahas tentang prinsip dasar penginderaan jauh kelautan, termasuk cara kerja, komponen, dan aplikasi penginderaan jauh untuk memantau kondisi laut dan sumber daya perikanan. Dijelaskan pula tantangan dan peran penginderaan jauh dalam pengelolaan sumber daya kelautan."
Penginderaan Jauh - Prinsip Dasar Penginderaan Jauh (By. Maryoko)Luhur Moekti Prayogo
Tugas 1 Mata Kuliah Penginderaan Jauh (3 SKS), Nama : Maryoko, NIM : 1310210015, Dosen Pengampu: Luhur Moekti Prayogo, S.Si., M.Eng, Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban 2023
Penginderaan Jauh - Prinsip Dasar Penginderaan Jauh (By. Fajar Kurniawan)Luhur Moekti Prayogo
Tugas 1 Mata Kuliah Penginderaan Jauh (3 SKS), Nama : Fajar Kurniawan, NIM : 1310210012, Dosen Pengampu: Luhur Moekti Prayogo, S.Si., M.Eng, Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban 2023
Penginderaan Jauh - Prinsip Dasar Penginderaan Jauh (By. Agus Vandiharjo)Luhur Moekti Prayogo
Tugas 1 Mata Kuliah Penginderaan Jauh (3 SKS), Nama : Agus Vandiharjo, NIM : 1310210009, Dosen Pengampu: Luhur Moekti Prayogo, S.Si., M.Eng, Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban 2023
Penetapan dan Penegasan Batas Laut - Sengketa Wilayah Kepulauan Spartly di La...Luhur Moekti Prayogo
Tugas 1 Mata Kuliah Penetapan dan Penegasan Batas Laut (3 SKS), Nama : Ristyan Tri Rahayu, NIM : 131021001, Dosen Pengampu: Luhur Moekti Prayogo, S.Si., M.Eng, Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban 2023
Penetapan dan Penegasan Batas Laut - Sengketa Wilayah Kepulauan Spartly di La...Luhur Moekti Prayogo
Tugas 1 Mata Kuliah Penetapan dan Penegasan Batas Laut (3 SKS), Nama : Saiful Mukminin, NIM : 1310210008, Dosen Pengampu: Luhur Moekti Prayogo, S.Si., M.Eng, Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban 2023
Penetapan dan Penegasan Batas Laut - Sengketa Wilayah Kepulauan Spartly di La...Luhur Moekti Prayogo
Tugas 1 Mata Kuliah Penetapan dan Penegasan Batas Laut (3 SKS), Nama : Pratiwi, NIM : 1310210001, Dosen Pengampu: Luhur Moekti Prayogo, S.Si., M.Eng, Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban 2023
Penetapan dan Penegasan Batas Laut - Sengketa Wilayah Kepulauan Spartly di La...Luhur Moekti Prayogo
Dokumen tersebut membahas sengketa wilayah Kepulauan Spratly di Laut Cina Selatan yang melibatkan beberapa negara. Sengketa ini timbul karena adanya klaim yang tumpang tindih atas kepulauan yang kaya sumber daya alam tersebut oleh Cina, Vietnam, Filipina, Malaysia, Taiwan, dan Brunei sejak tahun 1980-an. Sengketa ini menimbulkan berbagai insiden militer dan memburuknya hubungan diplomatik antar negara yang terlibat. Penye
Analisis Komponen Harmonik dan Elevasi Pasang Surut pada Alur Pelayaran Perai...Luhur Moekti Prayogo
Cilacap merupakan kabupaten yang mempunyai luas area mencapai 225.360,840 ha yang terletak pada wilayah Jawa Tengah bagian selatan. Kabupaten ini menghadap langsung dengan Samudera Indonesia disebelah selatannya. Karakteristik elevasi harmonik suatu wilayah perairan bermanfaat untuk mengetahui interaksi pembentuk pasang surut pada wilayah tertentu. Hal ini dibutuhkan untuk keperluan pengelolaan lingkungan lebih lanjut serta bangunan pantai dan kegiatan lain di wilayah pesisir. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan data primer berupa data elevasi pasang surut yang terekam setiap jam selama satu 31 hari pada bulan Januari 2019. Analisis harmonik menggunakan T-Tide untuk mengekstrak komponen-komponen pasang surut. Komponen pasut yang dominan diantaranya Q1, O1, NO1, K1, N2, M2. Perairan cilacap memiliki tipe pasang surut yang diklasifikasikan sebagai pasang surut campuran condong harian ganda dengan nilai indeks Formzahl sebesar 0.531856. Elevasi muka air laut di Perairan Cilacap MSL yang menunjukan nilai rata-rata muka air laut sebesar 3.46m, HAT 4.74m, MHWL 4.3m, MLWL 2.62m dan LAT 2.18m.
Land Cover Classification Assessment Using Decision Trees and Maximum Likelih...Luhur Moekti Prayogo
This document summarizes a study that compares land cover classification using decision trees and maximum likelihood classification algorithms on Landsat 8 satellite imagery of Surabaya and Bangkalan areas in Indonesia. Regions of interest were created for four land cover classes: vegetation, buildings, sea, and mixed. The decision trees method produced classification rules based on pixel values in red, green, and blue bands. Both methods achieved over 90% accuracy based on a confusion matrix. While results were similar, decision trees produced classifications closer to actual land cover conditions. The study was limited by using manual interpretation for validation; future work could incorporate larger validation datasets.
Tugas 1 Mata Kuliah Mitigasi Bencana Pesisir (3 SKS), Nama : Imam Asghoni Mahali, NIM : 1310190011, Dosen Pengampu: Luhur Moekti Prayogo, S.Si., M.Eng, Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban 2023
Mitigasi Bencana Pesisir - Pembuatan Bangunan Tahan Gempa (By. Nur Uswatun Ch...Luhur Moekti Prayogo
Tugas 1 Mata Kuliah Mitigasi Bencana Pesisir (3 SKS), Nama : Nur Uswatun Chasanah, NIM : 1310190015, Dosen Pengampu: Luhur Moekti Prayogo, S.Si., M.Eng, Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban 2023
Mitigasi Bencana Pesisir - Memberikan Penyuluhan dan Meningkatkan Kesadaran M...Luhur Moekti Prayogo
Tugas 1 Mata Kuliah Mitigasi Bencana Pesisir (3 SKS), Nama : Abdul Wahid, NIM : 1310190016, Dosen Pengampu: Luhur Moekti Prayogo, S.Si., M.Eng, Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban 2023
Mitigasi Bencana Pesisir - Bangunan Pelindung Pantai Sebagai Penanggulangan A...Luhur Moekti Prayogo
1. Dokumen membahas tentang mitigasi bencana abrasi di wilayah pesisir.
2. Beberapa mitigasi struktural seperti pemcah gelombang, perendam abrasi, dan penahan sedimentasi dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi risiko abrasi.
3. Mitigasi nonstruktural seperti sosialisasi dan SOP penyelamatan juga perlu dilakukan.
Tugas 1 Mata Kuliah Mitigasi Bencana Pesisir (3 SKS), Nama : Dewi Anggraeni, NIM : 1310190001, Dosen Pengampu: Luhur Moekti Prayogo, S.Si., M.Eng, Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban 2023
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:
Mitigasi bencana dan penghijauan hutan mangrove memiliki peran penting dalam mengurangi dampak bencana di wilayah pesisir. Penghijauan hutan mangrove dilakukan secara bertahap melalui beberapa tahapan untuk memulihkan hutan mangrove yang rusak. Hutan mangrove bermanfaat dalam aspek ekologi, ekonomi, dan biologi dengan menahan abrasi dan banjir serta men
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Studi Parameter Oseanografi Fisika dan Kimia di Perairan Pulau Sulawesi, Indonesia
1. J-Tropimar, Vol. 3, No.1 (April 2021) p-ISSN: 2656-3150, e-ISSN: 2656-7091
12
Studi Parameter Oseanografi Fisika dan Kimia
di Perairan Pulau Sulawesi, Indonesia
Luhur Moekti Prayogo1
, Irvan Aris Kurniawan2
1
Magister Teknik Geomatika, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
2
Alumnus Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, 69162, Indonesia
Korespondensi, luhur.moekti.prayogo@mail.ugm.ac.id
Abstrak
Pulau Sulawesi merupakan salah satu pulau terbesar di Indonesia dan dikenal memiliki
potensi di bidang kelautan, baik dari segi pariwisata hingga potensi perikanannya. Pulau ini
dilintasi garis khatuliswa di seperempat bagian utara sehingga sebagian besar wilayahnya berada
di belahan bumi selatan. Geografis pulau Sulawesi yang berbeda menyebabkan perbedaan
karakteristik parameter oseanografi. Salinitas dan pasang surut air laut merupakan parameter
oseanografi yang dapat mempengaruhi keberlangsungan hidup biota di suatu perairan. Tujuan
dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan studi parameter oseanografi fisika kimia yang meliputi pasang
surut dan salinitas di perairan pulau Sulawesi menggunakan data NOAA dan BIG. Dari penelitian
yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa perairan di sekitar Pulau Sulawesi memiliki rerata
muka air tinggi sebesar 1,3 meter dan muka air rendah sebesar 0,9 meter. Kemudian dari
perhitungan dihasilkan bilangan Formzahl sebesar 0,8 (0,25 < F 1,5) yang berarti tipe pasang
surut masuk dalam kategori Campuran cenderung Semi Diurnal. Kemudian hasil analisis salinitas
menunjukkan bahwa pada bulan Juli 2020 kandungan salinitas berkisar 29,63 hingga 36,45 ppt
dengan rata-rata 33,99 ppt. Pada bulan November 2020 kandungan salinitas berkisar 25,71
hingga 39,74 ppt dengan rata-rata sebesar 33,50 ppt. Pada Februari 2021 kandungan salinitas
berkisar 27,23 hingga 37,73 ppt dengan rata-rata sebesar 33,00 ppt. Salinitas terendah diperoleh
pada musim penghujan November 2020 dan kandungan salinitas tertinggi pada bulan yang sama
di sebagian kecil wilayah. Pada musim kemarau rata-rata kandungan salinitas air laut di perairan
Sulawesi relatif tinggi dibandingkan musim penghujan dengan nilai kandungan terendah sebesar
29,63 ppt.
Kata kunci: Oseanografi, Fisika dan Kimia Laut, Salinitas, Pasang Surut, Sulawesi
Abstract
Sulawesi Island is one of Indonesia's largest islands and is known to have potential in the
marine sector, both in tourism and fisheries. Sulawesi island is crossed by the equator line in the
northern quarter so that most of its territory is in the southern hemisphere. The diverse geography
of the island of Sulawesi causes differences in the characteristics of the oceanographic
parameters. The salinity and tides of seawater are oceanographic parameters that can affect
biota's survival in the waters. This research aims to study the chemical physics oceanography
parameters, which include tides and salinity in the waters of the island of Sulawesi using NOAA
and BIG data. The research that has been done showed that the waters around the island of
Sulawesi had an average high water level of 1.3 meters and a low water level of 0.9 meters. Then
from the calculation, the Formzahl number is 0.8 (0,25 < F 1,5), which means that the tidal type
is in the Mixed category, tends to be semi-diurnal. The salinity analysis results showed that in
July 2020, the salinity content ranged from 29.63 to 36.45 ppt, with an average of 33.99 ppt. In
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November 2020, the salinity content ranged from 25.71 to 39.74 ppt with an average of 33.50 ppt.
In February 2021, the salinity content ranged from 27.23 to 37.73 ppt with an average of 33.00
ppt. The lowest salinity was obtained in the rainy season in November 2020, and the highest
salinity content was in the same month in a small part of the region. In the dry season, seawater's
average salinity content in Sulawesi waters is relatively high compared to the rainy season, with
the lowest content value of 29.63 ppt.
Keywords: Oceanography, Marine Physics and Chemistry, Salinity, Tides, Sulawesi
PENDAHULUAN
Indonesia dikenal dengan Negara Maritim, karena lebih dari 2/3 wilayahnya
terdiri dari lautan. Perairan Kepulauan Indonesia terletak di antara dua benua yakni
Benua Asia dan Australia serta diapit oleh dua samudera yakni Samudera Hindia dan
Pasifik (Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Indonesia, 2018). Sulawesi merupakan salah
satu pulau terbesar di Indonesia dengan letak geografis 0o
12’ – 8’ Lintang Selatan dan
116o
48’ – 122o36’ Bujur Timur dan dikenal memiliki potensi di bidang kelautan (Dinas
Komunikasi Informatika Statistik dan Persandian Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, 2018).
Sulawesi dilintasi garis khatuliswa di seperempat bagian utara pulau sehingga sebagian
besar wilayahnya berada di belahan bumi selatan (Sosilawati dkk., 2016). Di sebelah
utara terdapat Kepulauan Sangihe Talaud yang merupakan perbatasan laut negara
dengan Pulau Mindanao-Filipina, bagian selatan dibatasi oleh Laut Flores, kemudian
bagian barat dibatasi oleh Selat Makassar dan terakhir bagian timur dengan wilayah
Papua dan Kepulauan Maluku oleh Selat Banda (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2015).
Geografis perairan Sulawesi yang berbeda menyebabkan perbedaan karakteristik
parameter oseanografi.
Salinitas dan pasang surut air laut merupakan parameter oseanografi yang
dapat mempengaruhi keberlangsungan hidup biota di suatu perairan. Salinitas adalah
kandungan kadar garam dalam suatu perairan dan besarannya dinyatakan dalam per
mil (Effendi, 2003). Pasang surut merupakan suatu fenomena alam dengan proses naik
turunnya paras laut (sea level) secara berkala yang ditimbulkan oleh adanya gaya tarik
dari benda-benda langit terutama bulan dan matahari terhadap massa air di bumi
(Ongkosongo, O. S. R., 1989). Air laut di permukaan bergerak sangat dinamis sehingga
di setiap daerah akan memiliki karakteristik pasang surut laut yang berbeda (Widyantoro,
2014). Parameter tersebut penting untuk diketahui karena laut merupakan salah satu
penghubung wilayah terluar Indonesia. Hal tersebut juga didukung oleh Hidayah dkk.
(2018) yang menyatakan bahwa banyak industri didirikan di lingkungan pesisir karena
aspek transportasinya.
Studi mengenai parameter oseanografi di wilayah Sulawesi pernah dilakukan
oleh peneliti sebelumnya. Ismail & Taofiqurohman, (2012) melakukan penelitian sebaran
3. J-Tropimar, Vol. 3, No.1 (April 2021) p-ISSN: 2656-3150, e-ISSN: 2656-7091
14
horisontal suhu, salinitas dan kekeruhan air telah dilakukan di perairan Pantai Dumoga,
Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa suhu, salinitas dan kekeruhan
air, perairan Pantai Dumoga masih berada dalam batas-batas toleransi bagi budidaya
perikanan tropis. Selanjutnya penelitian Najamuddin, (2018) dengan melakukan varian
musiman fisika kimia di sekitar perairan Estuaria Jeneberang, Sulawesi Selatan. Dari
penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variasi musiman pada parameter suhu,
salinitas, pH, total partikel tersuspensi, dan kandungan organik terlarut. Patty, (2013)
juga melakukan penelitian tentang distribusi suhu, salinitas dan oksigen terlarut di
perairan Kema, Sulawesi Utara. Penelitan tersebut menujukkan sebaran nilai suhu,
salinitas dan kadar oksigen terlarut cukup bervariasi. Kondisi suhu, salinitas dan oksigen
terlaut perairan ini masih tergolong normal dan baik untuk kehidupan biota laut.
Kemudian penelitian Arifin dkk. (2012) mengenai kondisi arus pasang surut di perairan
pesisir kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan aliran
pasang surut didominasi oleh aliran surut (ebb-dominant) dengan laju sebesar 0,005
m/det menuju ke arah barat.
Originalitas dari penelitian ini yaitu melakukan studi parameter oseanografi fisika
kimia yang meliputi salinitas dan pasang surut air laut di perairan pulau Sulawesi.
Manfaat penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi yang berguna kepada
peneliti, masyarakat pesisir dan pemangku kebijakan dalam memegang peranan
penting dalam perencanaan dan pengelolaan sumberdaya hayati laut di perairan
Sulawesi.
METODE PENELITIAN
Bahan dan Lokasi Penelitian
Lokasi penelitian terletak di perairan pulau Sulawesi, Indonesia. Pemilihan lokasi
berdasarkan ketersediaan data yang bersumber dari ERDDAP, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) berupa data skala kecil. Data salinitas yang
digunakan yaitu pada Juli, November 2020 dan Februari 2021 yang mewakili kondisi
musim penghujan dan kemarau yang secara umum terjadi di Indonesia. Kemudian data
pasang surut diperoleh dari Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) yang merupakan data
prediksi dari stasiun pasang surut dan satelit altimetri pada laman
http://tides.big.go.id/pasut/index.html dengan interval data satu jam. Lokasi pengambilan
data pasang surut terletak pada 6°34'2.45"S dan 119°50'46.33"E sebelah selatan pulau
Sulawesi.
4. J-Tropimar, Vol. 3, No.1 (April 2021) p-ISSN: 2656-3150, e-ISSN: 2656-7091
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Perhitungan Pasang Surut
Dalam penelitian ini, metode Least Square digunakan untuk perhitungan data
pasang surut yang meliputi parameter elevasi, tipe pasag surut dan komponen harmonik.
Parameter elevasi yang dicari adalah Mean High Water Level (MHWL) atau rerata dari
muka air tinggi dan Mean Sea Level (MSL) atau muka air rerata antara muka air tinggi
rerata dan muka air rendah. Kemudian tipe pasang surut ditentukan dengan bilangan
Formzahl dengan persamaan sebagai berikut (Triatmodjo, 2009; Prayogo, 2021):
𝐹 =
(𝑂1 + 𝐾1)
(𝑀2 + 𝑆2)
… … … (1)
Dimana:
F = Bilangan Formzahl
S2 = Konstanta yang dipengaruhi posisi matahari
O1 = Konstanta yang dipengaruhi deklinasi bulan
K1 = Konstanta yang dipengaruhi deklinasi bulan dan matahari
M2 = Konstanta yang dipengaruhi posisi bulan
Dengan Ketentuan:
(a) F 0,25 dengan tipe Semidiurnal,
(b) 0,25 < F 1,5 dengan tipe Campuran, cenderung Semi-Diurnal,
(c) 1,50 < F 3,0 dengan tipe Campuran, cenderung ke Diurnal, dan
(d) F > 3,0 dengan tipe Diurnal.
Persamaan metode Least Square dapat ditulis sebagai berikut (Ongkosongo, O. S. R.,
1989):
𝜂(𝑡) = 𝑆0 + ∑ 𝐴𝑖 cos(𝜔𝑖𝑡 − 𝑃𝑖)
𝑁
𝑖=1
… … . (2)
Keterangan :
η(t) = Elevasi pasang surut (fungsi waktu)
Ai = Amplitudo ke-i
ωi = 2π
Ti
, Ti merupakan periode komponen
Pi = Fase ke-i
S0 = Mean Sea Level
T = waktu
N = Jumlah Komponen
Komponen harmonik yang dihitung dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut:
a) Soli-lunar constituen (K1),
b) Main lunar constituent (O1),
c) Main solar constituen (P1),
d) Main lunar constituent (M4),
5. J-Tropimar, Vol. 3, No.1 (April 2021) p-ISSN: 2656-3150, e-ISSN: 2656-7091
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e) Soli-lunar constituent (MS4),
f) Main lunar constituent (M2),
g) Main solar constituent (S2),
h) Lunar constituent (N2), dan
i) Soli-lunar constituent (K2)
HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
Kondisi Pasang Surut di Perairan Sulawesi
Hamuna dkk. (2018); Prayogo, (2021) menyatakan bahwa minimal diperlukan
data pasang surut sekitar 18,6 tahun untuk mengetahui elevasi muka air laut rata-rata.
Informasi mengenai parameter elevasi sangat dinamis sehingga dipengaruhi oleh
sumber data dan waktu akuisisi data. Dalam penelitian ini, parameter elevasi yang
dihasilkan merupakan perhitungan pasang surut Februari 2021 yang merupakan nilai
prediksi dan bukan nilai sebenarnya dalam satu periode pasang surut. Informasi ini
digunakan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasang surut di perairan Pulau Sulawesi,
Indonesia. Dari hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa rerata dari muka air tinggi
sebesar 1,3 meter dan muka air rerata antara muka air tinggi rerata dan muka air rendah
sebesar 0,9 meter.
Gambar 1. Grafik fluktuasi pasang surut di perairan pulau Sulawesi Februari 2021
Kemudian penentuan tipe pasang surut dengan melihat bilangan Formzahl yang
dihasilkan dari perhitungan metode Least Square. Menurut Triatmodjo, (2009) ketentuan
tipe pasang surut dengan nilai ketetapan (a) F 0,25 dengan tipe Semidiurnal, (b) 0,25
< F 1,5 dengan tipe Campuran, cenderung Semi-Diurnal, (c) 1,50 < F 3,0 dengan
-1,00
-0,80
-0,60
-0,40
-0,20
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
1-Feb-21 00:00 3-Feb-21 00:00 5-Feb-21 00:00 7-Feb-21 00:00 9-Feb-21 00:00 11-Feb-21 00:00 13-Feb-21 00:00 15-Feb-21 00:00 17-Feb-21 00:00 19-Feb-21 00:00 21-Feb-21 00:00 23-Feb-21 00:00 25-Feb-21 00:00
Observation Calculation
6. J-Tropimar, Vol. 3, No.1 (April 2021) p-ISSN: 2656-3150, e-ISSN: 2656-7091
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tipe Campuran, cenderung ke Diurnal, dan (d) F > 3,0 dengan tipe Diurnal. Dari hasil
perhitungan pasang surut yang telah dilakukan, tipe pasang surut di perairan pulau
Sulawesi bertipe campuran cenderung semi-diurnal dengan nilai bilangan Formzahl
sebesar 0,8 (0,25 < F 1,5). Tipe ini menggambarkan bahwa dalam satu hari terjadi dua
kali pasang dan dua kali surut. Menurut Wyrtki, (1961); Triatmodjo, (2012); Hamuna dkk.,
(2018) perairan Indonesia memiliki tipe pasang surut campuran cenderung semi-diurnal
khususnya pada perairan Timur dan Selatan Jawa. Gambar 1 merupakan grafik pasang
surut di perairan pulau Sulawesi Februari 2021.
Selanjutnya perhitungan komponen harmonik dilakukan untuk mengetahui
karakteristik di perairan pulau Sulawesi. Komponen yang dihitung meliputi Soli-lunar
constituen (K1), Main lunar constituent (O1), Main solar constituen (P1), Main lunar
constituent (M4), Soli-lunar constituent (MS4), Main lunar constituent (M2), Main solar
constituent (S2), Lunar constituent (N2), dan Soli-lunar constituent (K2). Dari
perhitungan yang telah dilakukan, berikut ( Tabel 1) merupakan nilai dari komponen
harmonik di perairan pulau Sulawesi :
Tabel 1. Hasil perhitungan komponen harmonik di perairan pulau Sulawesi
Konstituen B go
phase H=Amplitude (m)
Main lunar constituent 0,4257 96,1852° 0,4282
Main solar constituent 0,1428 54,1095° 0,1762
Lunar constituent, due to Earth-Moon distance 0,0014 178,7578° 0,0625
Soli-lunar constituent, due to the change of declination 0,0641 148,8665° 0,124
Soli-lunar constituent -0,1173 203,0477° 0,2997
Main lunar constituent 0,1657 62,7071° 0,1865
Main solar constituent 0,099 117,8046° 0,1119
Main lunar constituent 0,0018 115,7763° 0,002
Soli-lunar constituent 0,0004 162,3944° 0,0012
Kondisi Salinitas di Perairan Sulawesi
Di Indonesia, pada umumnya Oktober hingga April terjadi angin muson barat
yang bergerak dari benua Asia ke Australia yang melewati samudera Hindia dan
membawa banyak uap air. Peristiwa tersebut mengakibatkan terjadinya musim
penghujan. Air hujan yang masuk di wilayah Indonesia akan berpengaruh terhadap nilai
salinitas air laut. Kemudian pada musim kemarau (angin muson timur) bergerak dari
benua Australia hingga Asia, yang membawa uap air lebih sedikit. Pada umumnya
peristiwa ini terjadi pada April hingga Oktober yang mengakibatkan wilayah Indonesia
mengalami musim kemarau.
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Analisis data salinitas dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tiga waktu yang
berbeda yang mewakili kedua musim yaitu kemarau dan penghujan. Data pertama yaitu
pada Juli 2020, mewakili musim kemarau. Data kedua dan ketiga yaitu pada November
2020 dan Februari 2021 yang mewakili musim penghujan. Adapun jumlah data dan
standar deviasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut (Tabel 2):
Tabel 2. Jumlah data salinitas yang digunakan dalam penelitian
No Bulan Tahun Angin Musim Jumlah Data Standar Deviasi
1 Juli 2020 Muson Timur Kemarau 194 1,046403
2 November 2020 Muson Barat Penghujan 264 1,945552
3 Februari 2021 Muson Barat Penghujan 175 1,971778
A. Salinitas di Perairan Sulawesi pada Juli 2020
Pertama, data yang digunakan merupakan data salinitas pada bulan Juli tahun
2020 yang mewakili musim kemarau. Dari hasil pengolahan menunjukkan bahwa
salinitas di perairan Sulawesi pada musim kemarau berkisar 29,63655 hingga 36,45701
parts per thousand (ppt). Nilai tersebut berarti dalam satu kilogram air laut di perairan
Pulau Sulawesi mengandung sekitar 29,63655 hingga 36,45701 gram garam terlarut.
Kemudian, kandungan salinitas rerata yang terjadi pada musim kemarau khususnya
pada Juli tahun 2020 sebesar 33,99501 ppt. Berikut (Gambar 2) merupakan peta
sebaran salinitas di Perairan Sulawesi pada Juli 2020.
Dari peta di bawah menunjukkan bahwa kandungan salinitas di perairan pulau
Sulawesi berbeda-beda. Di Teluk Tolo dan Teluk Tomini kandungan salinitas relatif
rendah berkisar 29 hingga 32 ppt. Kemudian kandungan salinitas 32 hingga 33 ppt
terdapat di hampir semua perairan di pulau Sulawesi. Kemudian kandungan salinitas
tertinggi yang didapat dari pengolahan data Juli 2020 terdapat di wilayah Laut Banda
dan Laut Maluku dengan kisaran 34 hingga 36 ppt. Dari data di atas yang bertepatan
musim kemarau menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar wilayah perairan di pulau Sulawesi
memiliki tingkat salinitas cukup tinggi berkisar > 33 ppt dan hanya sedikit wilayah yang
memiliki tingkat salinitas < 31 ppt.
8. J-Tropimar, Vol. 3, No.1 (April 2021) p-ISSN: 2656-3150, e-ISSN: 2656-7091
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Gambar 2. Peta sebaran salinitas di perairan pulau Sulawesi pada Juli 2020
B. Salinitas di Perairan Sulawesi pada November 2020
Kedua, data yang digunakan merupakan data salinitas pada November 2020
yang mewakili musim penghujan. Dari hasil pengolahan menunjukkan bahwa salinitas
di perairan Sulawesi pada musim penghujan berkisar 25,71475 hingga 39,74392 ppt.
Nilai tersebut berarti dalam satu kilogram air laut di perairan Pulau Sulawesi
mengandung sekitar 25,71475 hingga 39,74392 gram garam terlarut. Kemudian, rata-
rata kandungan salinitas yang terjadi pada musim penghujan khususnya pada
November 2020 sebesar 33,5067 ppt. Berikut (Gambar 3) merupakan peta sebaran
salinitas di Perairan Sulawesi pada November 2020.
Dari peta di dibawah menunjukkan bahwa kandungan salinitas di perairan pulau
Sulawesi berbeda-beda. Di selat Makassar dan sebagian Teluk Tomoni kandungan
salinitas relatif rendah berkisar 25 hingga 29 ppt. Kemudian kandungan salinitas 29
hingga 34 ppt terdapat hampir di semua perairan di pulau Sulawesi. Selanjutnya
kandungan salinitas tertinggi yang didapat dari pengolahan data November 2020
terdapat di wilayah teluk Tomoni dengan kisaran 34 hingga 39 ppt. Dari data salinitas
diatas menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata salinitas musim penghujan lebih rendah
dibandingkan dengan musim kemarau. Namun pada musim penghujan ditemukan
kandungan salinitas mencapai 39 ppt pada wilayah teluk. Hal ini kemungkinan
disebabkan oleh fluktuasi daratan yang masuk ke perairan laut.
9. J-Tropimar, Vol. 3, No.1 (April 2021) p-ISSN: 2656-3150, e-ISSN: 2656-7091
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Gambar 3. Peta sebaran salinitas di perairan pulau Sulawesi pada November 2020
C. Salinitas di Perairan Sulawesi pada Februari 2021
Ketiga, data yang digunakan merupakan data salinitas pada Februari tahun 2021
yang mewakili musim penghujan. Dari hasil pengolahan menunjukkan bahwa salinitas
di perairan Sulawesi pada musim penghujan khususnya Februari 2021 berkisar
27,23574 hingga 37,73476 ppt. Nilai tersebut dapat dikatakan dalam satu kilogram air
laut di perairan Pulau Sulawesi mengandung sekitar 27,23574 hingga 37,73476 gram
garam terlarut. Kemudian, rata-rata kandungan salinitas yang terjadi pada Februari 2021
sebesar 33,00557 ppt. Berikut (Gambar 4) merupakan peta sebaran salinitas di Perairan
Sulawesi pada Februari 2021.
Dari peta dibawah menunjukkan bahwa kandungan salinitas di perairan sekitar
pulau Sulawesi berbeda-beda. Di sebagian selat Makassar, sekitar Laut Maluku dan
Teluk Tolo kandungan salinitas relatif rendah berkisar antara 27 hingga 30 ppt.
Kemudian kandungan salinitas 30 hingga 34 ppt terdapat hampir di semua perairan di
pulau Sulawesi. Selanjutnya kandungan salinitas tertinggi yang didapat dari pengolahan
data bulan Februari 2021 terdapat di wilayah Laut Banda, Teluk Bone dan Teluk Tomini
dengan kisaran 34 hingga 37 ppt. Dari data salinitas bulan Februari 2021 menunjukkan
bahwa nilai rata-rata salinitas musim penghujan lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan
musim kemarau pada bulan Juli 2020. Namun pada musim penghujan juga, khususnya
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pada bulan Februari 2021 kandungan salinitas mencapai 37 ppt pada wilayah sekitar
Laut Banda dan perairan sekitar Kabupaten Gorontalo.
Gambar 4. Peta sebaran salinitas di perairan pulau Sulawesi pada Februari 2021
KESIMPULAN
Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa perairan di
sekitar Pulau Sulawesi memiliki rerata dari muka air tinggi sebesar 1,3 meter dan muka
air rerata antara muka air tinggi rerata dan muka air rendah sebesar 0,9 meter. Dari
perhitungan dihasilkan bilangan Formzahl sebesar 0,8 (0,25 < F 1,5) yang berarti tipe
pasang surut masuk dalam kategori campuran cenderung semi-diurnal. Tipe ini
menggambarkan bahwa dalam satu hari terjadi dua kali pasang dan dua kali surut. Hasil
analisis salinitas menunjukkan bahwa pada Juli 2020 kandungan salinitas berkisar 29,63
hingga 36,45 ppt dengan rata-rata 33,99 ppt. Pada November 2020 kandungan salinitas
berkisar 25,71 hingga 39,74 ppt dengan rerata sebesar 33,50 ppt. Pada Februari 2021
kandungan salinitas berkisar 27,23 hingga 37,73 ppt dengan rerata sebesar 33,00 ppt.
Salinitas terendah diperoleh pada musim penghujan November 2020 dan kandungan
salinitas tertinggi pada bulan yang sama di sebagian kecil wilayah. Pada musim kemarau
rerata kandungan salinitas air laut di perairan Sulawesi relatif tinggi dibandingkan musim
penghujan dengan nilai kandungan terendah sebesar 29,63 ppt. Penelitian selanjutnya
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diharapkan menambah data pengukuran in-situ berupa salinitas dan data curah hujan
dari pihak terkait sehingga hasil analisis akan lebih akurat.
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH
Penulis mengucapkan banyak terima kasih kepada lembaga National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) yang telah menyediakan data salinitas dan
Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) yang telah menyediakan data pasang surut, sehingga
dapat digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Tidak lupa penulis mengucapkan banyak terima
kasih kepada Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (LPDP) yang telah membiayai
penulis dalam menempuh studi S2.
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