This document discusses student-centered learning (SCL) from several perspectives. It outlines the epistemic bases of SCL including idealism, naturalism, realism, and pragmatism. It also discusses the psychological bases of SCL based on learning theories like classical conditioning, operant conditioning, social learning, cognitive approaches, constructivism, transformative learning, and critical pedagogy. The document then covers the role of technology in SCL and strategies to achieve SCL like project-based learning and the teacher acting as a facilitator. It lists skills that should be developed in students through SCL like critical thinking, problem solving, and effective communication.

1. Student
Centered
Learning
Dr. Shiva Shukla,
Assistant Professor,
Central University of
Punjab, Bathinda.

2. Epistemic Bases of SCL
• Idealism: Student is born with knowledge, teacher
facilitates conditions that helps student draw out
that knowledge within themselves
• Naturalism: Let learner interact with nature and
choose what they want to learn
• Realism: knowledge can be achieved by
experiencing
• Pragmatism: what works is knowledge hence
learning by projects and experiments

3. Psychological Bases of SCL
Learning theories based upon behavior
analysis:
• Classical Conditioning: behavior is
reflex response
• Operant Conditioning: behavior is
guided by reward or punishment
• Social Learning: Observation of
behavior is followed by modeling

4. • Learning theories based on Cognitive approach:
humans can create their own learning experiences
which are unique to every individual
• Learning Theories based on Constructivism:
Learner actively constructs his/her own knowledge
and learner uses previous knowledge to construct
their own knowledge by interacting with the
environment
• Transformative Learning: Humans revise and
reinterpret the meaning of what they have learned
• Critical Pedagogy: including students knowledge
and perspective, connection with community,
emphasizes on dialogue

5. Technology and SCL
• Hardware: Teaching machines, Computers,
• Software: Programmed instruction – Liner,
Branching and Methetic
• Embrace technology and bring it in classroom
• Guide, coach and navigate with students for
correct way of using technology and resources
• Teaching students reliable and safe
procedures

6. • Student’s Assessment: Formative
assessment and Summative assessment
• Teacher’s Assessment: Self-assessment,
Peer-assessment and feedback
Assessment in SCL

7. Strategies to Achieve Student
Centered Learning
• Project based
• Well defined goals of learning
• Curriculum using technology
• Bring classroom to students life
• Teacher is guide on the side and Teacher is facilitator
• Group activities in non-threatening environment achieving
critical thinking
• Dealing with Individual difference
• Build relationship with students with communication and
trust
• Special Needs of the student addressed and inclusiveness
within the class

8. Teacher in a Student Centred
Classroom
• Facilitates and navigates
• Clarifies purpose and learning objectives
• Keeps students on task
• Provides assessment to clarify expectations
• Identifies the best sources to find information
• Reduces surprise, disappointment, and
uncertainty
• Delivers efficiency, Creates momentum

9. Skills to be Developed among
Students
• Critical Thinking
• Problem Solving
• Collaboration
• Effective Communication
• Global Literacy
• Self-Reliance

10. Teacher-Centered Learning
• Reward and reinforcement, simulated-response
learning
• Formal classroom situation
• Teacher is the source of knowledge and
information
• Teacher in full control of class, lesson and
curriculum i.e. and where, what, how, why
• There is orderliness in the class
• Teacher directs all classroom activities
• Teacher Autonomy- self- constituting power of a
teacher as part of professional independence