A head injury is any trauma to the scalp, skull, or brain. The injury may be only a minor bump on the skull or a serious brain injury. Head injury can be either closed or open (penetrating). A closed head injury means you received a hard blow to the head from striking an object, but the object did not break the skull.
A head injury is any trauma to the scalp, skull, or brain. The injury may be only a minor bump on the skull or a serious brain injury. Head injury can be either closed or open (penetrating). A closed head injury means you received a hard blow to the head from striking an object, but the object did not break the skull.
Global Medical Cures™ | Stroke
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Stroke is a type of cardiovascular disease.
It affects the arteries leading to and within the
brain. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel
that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain
is either blocked by a clot or bursts. When
that happens, part of the brain cannot get the
blood and oxygen it needs, so it starts to die.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
2. Case Scenario
Male , 50 years of age, who presented at the OPD on 20th August ’05 with
tingling/numbness of the upper and lower limbs on the left side. This had begun
10 days earlier and was progressively getting worse. It began with weakness of the
limbs on the left side and he was now unable to move them. An episode of severe
anxiety and fear had precipitated this onset of symptoms. It had progressed further
and now he had slurred speech.
2 months earlier he had developed hypertension. The symptoms at that point were
a similar tingling and numbness on the left upper and lower limbs. This too, was
precipitated by an episode of fear. He was put on antihypertensive medication
which helped and he stopped this on his own after a while.
There were no other CNS symptoms of unconsciousness, projectile vomiting,
convulsions, fever or head injury.
There was no Past History of diabetes, or ischemic heart disease as possible
precipitating factors.
3. Motor Right Left
Tone: UL Normal Increased ++
Tone : LL Normal Increased ++
Muscle Power: UL Normal
Proximal Muscles: Power 1/5
Distal Muscles: Power 4/5
Muscle Power: LL Normal Complete loss of power: 0/5
Reflexes: UL Normal Hypertonic ++
Reflexes: LL Normal Hypertonic ++
Sensory Normal
Loss of fine touch in Upper and
Lower limbs
4. Objectives
• What is the differential diagnosis?
• What are the investigation?
• What is the significance of the examination?
• What is the significance of the history?
• What is the treatment?
8. Overview
STROKE
when the blood supply to part of
your brain is interrupted or
reduced, depriving brain tissue of
oxygen and nutrients. Within
minutes, brain cells begin to die.
Ischemic stroke
(80%)
arteries to your
brain become
narrowed or
blocked, causing
severely reduced
blood flow
(ischemia).
Hemorrhagic
stroke
blood vessel in
your brain leaks
or ruptures.
Thrombotic
stroke. A thrombotic
stroke occurs when
a blood clot
(thrombus) forms in
one of the arteries
that supply blood to
your brain.
Embolic stroke
when a blood clot or
other debris forms
away from your
brain
9. Watch for these signs and symptoms if you think
you or someone else may be having a stroke!
• Trouble with speaking and understanding. .
• Paralysis or numbness of the face, arm or leg.
• Trouble with seeing in one or both eyes.
• Headache.
• Trouble with walking.
• If you notice any signs or symptoms of a stroke Think "FAST"
10. FAST
• Face. Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face
droop?
• Arms. Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm
drift downward? Or is one arm unable to rise up?
• Speech. Ask the person to repeat a simple phrase. Is his or
her speech slurred or strange?
• Time. If you observe any of these signs immediately try to
treat
11. Ischemic Stroke Treatment
• Emergency treatment with medications. Therapy with clot-busting drugs
must start within 4.5 hours if they are given into the vein — and the
sooner, the better. Quick treatment not only improves your chances of
survival but also may reduce complications. You may be given:
• Intravenous injection of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). (GOLD
STANDARD)
• Emergency endovascular procedures:
1. Medications delivered directly to the brain.
2. Removing the clot with a stent retriever.
3. Carotid endarterectomy.
4. Angioplasty and stents
12.
13. Hemorrhagic stroke Treatment
Treatment of hemorrhagic stroke focuses on controlling your bleeding and reducing
pressure in your brain. You might also need surgery to help reduce future risk.
• Emergency measures. If you take warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) or anti-platelet
drugs such as clopidogrel (Plavix) to prevent blood clots, you may be given drugs
or transfusions of blood products to counteract the blood thinners' effects. You
may also be given drugs to lower pressure in your brain (intracranial pressure),
lower your blood pressure, prevent vasospasm or prevent seizures.
• Surgical blood vessel repair.
1. Surgical clipping.
2. Coiling (endovascular embolization).
3. Surgical AVM removal
4. Stereotactic radiosurgery.
Coiling Clipping
14. Post Stroke Management
• Most stroke survivors receive treatment in a rehabilitation program. Your
doctor will recommend the most rigorous therapy program you can handle
based on your age, overall health and degree of disability from your stroke.
Your doctor will take into consideration your lifestyle, interests and
priorities, and the availability of family members or other caregivers.
• Every person's stroke recovery is different. Depending on your condition.
• If you've had an ischemic stroke or TIA, your doctor may recommend
medications to help reduce your risk of having another stroke. These
include:
• Anti-platelet drugs.
• Anticoagulants.
15. Risk Factors
Medical risk factors
• Blood pressure readings higher than
120/80 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
• Cigarette smoking or exposure to
secondhand smoke
• High cholesterol
• Diabetes
• Obstructive sleep apnea
• Cardiovascular disease, including heart
failure, heart defects, heart infection or
abnormal heart rhythm
• Personal or family history of stroke, heart
attack or transient ischemic attack.
Lifestyle risk factors
• Being overweight or obese
• Physical inactivity
• Heavy or binge drinking
• Use of illicit drugs such as cocaine and
methamphetamines