Traumatic Brain Injury occurs when an external force traumatically injures the brain.

1. Traumatic
Brain Injury

2. Traumatic brain injury (TBI)/
intracranial injury
- occurs when an external force traumatically injures the
brain
- TBI can be classified based on severity,
mechanism (closed or penetrating head injury), or
other features (e.g., occurring in a specific location or
over a widespread area).

3. - Head injury usually refers to TBI, but is a broader
category because it can involve damage to
structures other than the brain, such as the scalp
and skull
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traumatic_brain_injury

4. - Traumatic brain injury (TBI) happens when a bump, blow,
jolt, or other head injury causes damage to the brain.
Every year, millions of people in the U.S. suffer brain
injuries. More than half are bad enough that people must go to the
hospital. The worst injuries can lead to permanent
brain damage or death. Half of all TBIs are from
motor vehicle accidents. Military personnel in
combat zones are also at risk.
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/traumaticbraininjury.html

5. - Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a form of acquired
brain injury, occurs when a sudden trauma
causes damage to the brain. TBI can result when the
head suddenly and violently hits an object, or when an
object pierces the skull and enters brain tissue.
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/tbi/tbi.htm

6. Causes
• Injuries to the head as results from automobile,
motorcycle and bicycle accidents

7. • falls • assaults
• gunshot
wound• Child
abuse

8. Severe head trauma often causes coma or an
abnormal deep stupor from which it may
be impossible to arouse the affected individual by
external stimuli for an extended period.

9. Symptoms
Cognitive and language deficits
Memory loss
Seizures
Perceptual disorders
Difficulty in paying attention
Display inappropriate/exaggerated behavior

10. Preventions
- Because Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) cannot be cured,
steps must be taken to prevent an injury from occurring.
advice for the prevention of TBI is often common
sense.
http://www.traumaticbraininjury.com/prevention/)

11. TBI Prevention Methods Include:
 Always wear a seat belt in a motor vehicle
 Use an appropriate child safety seat or a booster
 Never drive under the influence of alcohol or drugs
 Always wear a helmet when on a bicycle,
motorcycle, scooter, snowmobile and other open
unrestrained vehicles

12.  Wear a helmet when participating in contact sports
 Wear a helmet when horseback riding
 Wear a helmet while skiing, snowboarding, skating
and skateboarding

13. Fall Prevention Methods:
 Use the rails on stairways
 Provide adequate lighting, especially on stairs for
people with poor vision or who have difficulty walking
 Place bars on windows to prevent children from
falling
 Sit on safe stools
 Do not place obstacles in walking pathways

14. Gun Safety:
 Keep guns locked in a cabinet
 Store guns unloaded
 Store ammunition apart from guns

15. Occupational therapists can help people who
have sustained a TBI. The type and duration of intervention
depend on how severe the injury.
Interventions
http://www.brainline.org/content/2009/06/traumatic-brain-
injury-effects-and-interventions.html

16. What can an occupational therapist do?
 Evaluate the client engaging in daily activities at home.
 Establish and restore (depending on the age of the
client) endurance and strength.
 Help the client minimize overstimulation and confusion
in his or her environment.
 Help the client perform simple tasks that are meaningful
to the person’s life.

17.  Implement weekly checklists of household chores.
 Recommend equipment that can aid a person in
performing daily life activities.
 Teach a person with TBI to compensate for
problems with thinking.

18. What can families and friends of a person with a TBI do?
 Become educated about the recovery process of a
family member with a TBI.
 Provide long-term support to a family member with a TBI.
 Learn techniques to help the person with a TBI manage
cognitive and physical problems.
 Help the person adapt his or her home to accommodate
the effects of a TBI.