A 42-year old male patient presented with symptoms of right-sided body weakness, slurred speech, and loss of consciousness. He was diagnosed with a hemorrhagic stroke caused by a left capsulaganglionic bleed based on his MRI results. He was treated with medications to control blood pressure and prevent further complications. Through physical therapy and treatment, the patient's symptoms improved and he was discharged upon being able to follow commands and having normal vital signs.
it was a case study on hypothyroidism in pediatric patient pharmaceutical care plan ,Diagnostic Technics ,treatment and patient counseling was given to the patient representative.
it was a case study on hypothyroidism in pediatric patient pharmaceutical care plan ,Diagnostic Technics ,treatment and patient counseling was given to the patient representative.
This powerpoint is a case presentation, that explains the case of ADCHF, with comorbidities, comprising HTN, CAD and DLP.
A summary on the recent advancements in HF management, along with justification of therapy provided, has been elucidated.
A note on home remedies and counselling tips has also been provided.
A case study on anemia with congestive heart failuremartinshaji
a case dealing with a patient having anemia with congestive heart failure, this gives a clear idea about management, diagnosis, treatment , patient counselling, pharmacist interventions etc
please comment
thank u
Case Presentation in SOAP format on Ischemic Heart Disease with Acute Coronar...Umme Habeeba A Pathan
Heart diseases are major reason for mortality and morbidity. This is the case on how depression and stress can lead to Heart disease and worsen the QOL of patient. Little changes in food style and your attitude towards your health can save your heart.
A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle. A heart attack is a medical emergency.A heart attack usually occurs when a blood clot blocks blood flow to the heart.Without blood,tissues loses oxygen and dies
This powerpoint is a case presentation, that explains the case of ADCHF, with comorbidities, comprising HTN, CAD and DLP.
A summary on the recent advancements in HF management, along with justification of therapy provided, has been elucidated.
A note on home remedies and counselling tips has also been provided.
A case study on anemia with congestive heart failuremartinshaji
a case dealing with a patient having anemia with congestive heart failure, this gives a clear idea about management, diagnosis, treatment , patient counselling, pharmacist interventions etc
please comment
thank u
Case Presentation in SOAP format on Ischemic Heart Disease with Acute Coronar...Umme Habeeba A Pathan
Heart diseases are major reason for mortality and morbidity. This is the case on how depression and stress can lead to Heart disease and worsen the QOL of patient. Little changes in food style and your attitude towards your health can save your heart.
A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle. A heart attack is a medical emergency.A heart attack usually occurs when a blood clot blocks blood flow to the heart.Without blood,tissues loses oxygen and dies
Anaemia is a condition where there is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells in or haemoglobin in the blood or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.
ETIOLOGY :blood loss and decreased red blood cell production.
SYMPTOMS : feeling tired, weakness, shortness of breath.
EPIDEMIOLOGY: Anaemia is a common, multifactorial condition among older adults.
RISK FACTORS :chronic infections such as osteomyelitis , SLE
COMPLICATIONS : lack of energy, increased risk of infections, heart and lung problems
Stroke is the 2nd leading death associated disorder. It is also known as cerebrovascular disorder mainly caused by high blood cholesterol levels or rupture of cerebral arteries.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
2. INTRODUCTION
HEMORRHAGIC STROKE : It is rupture of blood
vessels in or on the surface of brain with bleeding
into surrounding tissues
RISK FACTORS :
• Age > 80yrs
• HTN
• Previous history of ischemic stroke
• AVM
• Coaugulopathy
• Aneuyrsm
3. CLASSIFICATION
• 3 types – sub- arachonoid
intra-cerebral
subdural hematoma
SYMPTOMS
Weakness in one side of body
Ataxia
Dysarthria
Vertigo
Asphasia
Syncope
Facial dropping
Photophobia
Pain in eye movement
4. PATHOPYSIOLOGY
Death
Decrease blood flow and platelet aggregation
Clot formation and elevates ICP
Further causes neurotoxicity of blood contents
Causes damage to surrounding tissue causing mechanical stress
Presence of blood or blood clots in brain parenchyma
Blood may enter through rupture of aneurysm
8. DEMOGRAPHIC DETIALS
• Name : ABC
• Age : 42yrs
• Gender : Male
• IP No : 461258
• Department:Neuroward
• DOA : 2/ Sept/
2019
• Height : 172cm
• Weight : 90kg
• BMI : 30kg/sqmm
9. CHIEF COMPLAINTS
• c/o right side body weakness
• slurring of speech
• Deviation of mouth
• Loss of consciousness
PRESENT HISTORY
• A 42yr old male patient presented with H/O right
side body weakness, slurring of speech, deviation
of mouth and loss of consciousness for further
management and treatment
10. PAST HISTORY :
• H/O Ischemic stroke
• S/P Thrombocytosis
• C-PAP
• Previously had seizures[5yrs back]
• HTN – Tab. Nicardia 20mg TID
12. DAY TO DAY ASSESMENT
DAY – 1
• c/o slurred speech
• Deviation of mouth
• Not using c-pap since
2days
DAY -2
• Patient conscious,
oriented
• slurred speech +
DAY – 3
• Following commands
• Normal vitals
• Physiotherapy
recommended
13. • DAY – 4
• Patient conscious/
coherent/ following
commands/ afebrile
• Vitals –normal
• Physiotherapy
recommended
DAY – 5
• Following commands
• Physiotherapy
continued
14. Physiotherapy Progress Notes
Day-3 [4/9/19]
• Limb physio done
• Spirometry
DAY -4 [5/9/19]
• AROM[Active Range Of
Motion]
• Spirometry
• Pelvic bridging
• Amputation
DAY-5 [6/9/19]
• AROM
• Co-ordination training
• spirometry
15. ICU COURSE TREATMENT
• Admission date – 2/9/19 Transfer date- 4/9/19
ICU Admission Diagnosis : Stroke – left capsuloganglionic bleed
• A 42 yr old male patient known case of HTN, old CVA [left
hemiporesis] presented with slurred speech, deviation of mouth,
loss of consciousness.
• Patient has history of thrombolysis 2014. Acc to MRI brain pt has
left capsuloganglionic bleed. Pt also has uretheral bleed and
hematuria.
• Inview of OSA and using c-pap pt referred pulmonology. Advised for
continuing BiPAP over night.
• In ICU patient was managed by antiiotics, anti-hypertensive, PPI’S,
nebulisation.
• Now patient is hemodynamically stable and shifted to neuroward
18. PARAMETER RESULT NORMAL VALUE
T.Bilirubin 6.56 0.5-1.1mg/dl
D.Bilirubin 0.00 0-0.35mg/dl
I.Bilirubin 0.40 0-0.65mg/dl
SGOT 26.00 6-38IU/L
ALP 46.00 36-142mmo/l
T.PROTIENS 7.60 6.8-3.3g/dl
A/G RATIO 1.20 Approx 1
Albumin 4.20 3.5-5.0g/dl
Gobulin 3.40 2-3.5g/dl
Blood urea 26 3-8mmol/L
Urea N2 1.81 2.5-7.1 mmol/L
19. Real time ultrasonography
• Urinary bladder is empty with foley bulb insitu
• Impression: no significant abnormality detected
Doppler study of carotid/vertebral
• Impression: no evidence of carotid artery
stenosis
MRI BRAIN
• Impression : STROKE –Left Capsuloganglionic
bleed
20. MEDICATION CHART
BRAND GENERIC DOSE ROA FREQ D-1 D-2 D-3 D-4 D-5 D-6
IVF NS Normal saline 1ooml IV Per hr + + + + + +
INJ.PAN Pantoprazole 4mg IV OD + + + + + +
INJ.ZOFER Ondansetron 40mg IV TID + + + + + +
INJ.OPTINE
URON
Vit B complex 3ml IV OD + + + + + +
INJ
NEOTROPIL
Piracetam 3g/15
ml
IV TID + + + + + +
TAB.ROUVA
S
Rosuvastatin 40mg PO HS + - - - - -
INJ
MAGNEX
FORTE
Cefaperazone
+ Salbactum
1.5g IV BD - - + + + +
21. BRAND GENERIC DOSE ROA FREQ D-1 D-2 D-3 D-4 D-5 D-6
SYP.DUPHLAC lactulose 30ml PO BD - - + + + +
NACL 0.9% Sodium
chloride
P/N TID - - + + + +
T.NICARDIA Nifedipine 20mg PO TID - - + + + +
OTRIVIN
NASAL
DROPS
Xylometazolin
e
TID - - + + + +
T.COLIHENZ Citicholine +
piracetam
800m
g
PO BD + + - - - -
25. ASSESSMENT
• Based on subjective and objective data the
patient was diagnosed with STROKE –
CAPSULOGANGLIONIC BLEED
26. PLANNING
GOALS OF TREATMENT
• Reduce the ongoing neurological injury
• Decrease mortality
• Decrease long term disability
• Prevent reoccurrence of stroke
• Prevent further complications secondary to
immbolity and neurological dysfunction
27. TREATMENT OPTIONS
INJ. NOOTROPIL
• MOA – It works by
improving blood flow and
oxygen to the brain
• Uses – cognitive enhancer,
stroke
• Side effects- wt gain,
weakness, stomach pain
• MP- LFT, RR
TAB. ROSUVAS
• MOA- competitive inhibitor
of HMG-COA reductase,
reducing choloesterol
synthesis
• USES- cvs diseases, high
cholesterol levels
• SE – joint pain, indigestion,
loose stools
• MP – Lipid profile ,
creatinine phosphodikinase
28. OTRIVIN NASAL DROPS
• MOA – works by shrinking
blood vessels in nasal
passage
• Uses - obstrutctive sleep
apnea, nasal congestion
• SE – Dry mouth, throat,
burning or stinging
sensation
• MP - BP
TAB. NICARDIA
• MOA –calcium channel
blocks an decreases BP
• USES – HTN
• SE- dizziness, flushing,
cough
• MP – BP, ECG, O2 saturation
29. Tab. COLIHENZ
• MOA- citicoline works by replenishing
necessary chemicals in brain & regulate
process of cognition & play vital role in neural
communication
• USES – Sroke
• SE –SOB, agitation and anxitey
• MP – bp, ECG, LFT
30. PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED
UNTREATED INDICATON
• Blood urea and urea
nitrogen levels are
abnormal but no drug is
given
• Total bilirubin level is also so
high but still it is not treated
UNINDIACTED MEDICATION
• SYP. DUPHLAC is given even
though no complaint of
constipation
34. PATIENT COUNSLLING
ABOUT THE DISEASE
• A stroke is a neurological illness
that occurs when blood flow to
brain is interrupted.
• Discuss stroke risk factors as this is
2nd attack of stroke
• Explained further complications of
stroke like cvs disease, seizures
etc..
35. ABOUT MEDICATIONS
• Do not withdraw suddenly the drugs cognitive
enhancers as the cause withdrawl symptoms
• Follow the medications as per the prescription
• Do not miss the dose
• Do not double the dose
• If any ADR seen report to physician
immediately
36. LIFESTYLE MODIFIACTIONS
• Begin an exercise program
• Limit the alcohol intake
• Avoid smoking
• Know your cholesterol level
• Learn stress management
• Avoid wearing tight dresses
37. DIET
Foods to avoid
• Reduce the amount of salt
• Reduce the amount of fat and choloesterol
• Limit vegetable oils and nut oils
• Limit sweets and processed foods such as chips ,
cookies & BAKED FOODS
• Do not eat trans foods
• Don’t eat any food that has hydrogenated listed
in its ingridients
38. • Foods to be taken
• Eating more fresh
vegetables and fresh fruits
• Eating more lean proteins,
such as fish, poultry
• Using low fat dairy
products
• Olive oil is recommended
• Avacados, flax seed ,
tomato, red wine can be
taken