This document summarizes research on off-season hydroponic strawberry production in Arizona. Key points discussed include using ever-bearing cultivars, aggregate hydroponics with a porous substrate, nighttime humidity control, and daylength extension lighting to allow year-round harvesting. Experimental results found yields of 7 kg/m2 and fruit sizes of 20g on average. Future work will focus on developing movable hydroponic systems and improving cultivar information. The overall goal is to establish a more sustainable system for winter strawberry production in Arizona.
THEME – 3 Barley genetic resources under climate changes: a possible way in f...ICARDA
This document discusses evaluating barley genetic resources under climate change using field studies. It proposes using a "honeycomb design with head planting" which would allow for evaluating a large number of barley accessions in a small area by planting the spikes or heads. This approach has advantages in being low-cost, space efficient, and allowing evaluation of traits related to abiotic and biotic stresses as well as yield. It could provide an alternative method for handling large barley collections and for developing core collections or subsets for further study.
This study evaluated the vine survival and sprouting ability of various sweet potato cultivars in Mozambique under long dry spells. Key findings include:
- Cultivar performance varied significantly with drought stress, with vine yield dropping as harvest time increased from 5 to 11 months.
- Introduced Resisto variety had the longest stems but no vines survived past 9 months.
- Irene, Xitsekele, Ivone and Xiadla-xikau maintained highest vine yields at 11 months.
- Bita, Alisha, Xiadla-xikau, Tacna and Mwazambane produced long vines suitable for rapid multiplication by cutting at 5 weeks of storage.
Potential of community-based NTFP management as coping mechanisms (food secu...phetsoulaphonh choulatida
1) The document studied the use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in three districts in Laos and their role in food security, income, and coping with climate hazards.
2) It found that NTFPs significantly contribute to nutrition and health, and some like beekeeping, cardamom, and galangal are important income sources.
3) Communities rely on collecting wild foods and selling NTFPs as coping strategies after climate hazards damage crops or livestock.
4) Recommendations focus on sustainable NTFP management through community forest groups, improved harvesting and marketing, and private sector involvement.
This document summarizes research on developing new agronomic techniques for growing high quality organic sweet corn in maritime Canada. The researchers established test plots to compare a high intensity crop rotation with three vegetable crops in four years to a low intensity rotation with one vegetable crop every four years. They found that transplanting corn was necessary to establish stands due to cool, wet spring conditions that caused direct seeded seeds to rot. Using red clover as a cover crop, zone tilling it into the soil, and applying biodegradable mini mulch helped establish the corn transplants and provided nitrogen. With this system, they achieved marketable yields of 35,375 ears per hectare worth $26,531 at $9 per dozen,
The document provides information on key elements of nursery management, including planning the nursery, crop development, and propagation. It discusses selecting an appropriate site and layout for the nursery. The three phases of crop development - establishment, rapid growth, and hardening - are outlined. Different structures used for plant propagation, like greenhouses and shade houses, are described. The importance of planning crops and developing propagation protocols is emphasized. Hardening plants before field planting to prepare them for stress is also highlighted.
Importance of sustainable scientific harvesting practices of Minor Forest Pro...Sai Bhaskar Reddy Nakka
The document discusses sustainable harvesting practices of Minor Forest Products (MFPs) through conservation of the environment and biodiversity. It outlines that MFP collection can be less damaging than felling trees if done appropriately through scientific and local knowledge. However, over-exploitation from factors like lack of regeneration threaten species. Sustainable forest management aims to balance production and conservation without degrading the forest. The document proposes various solutions like leaving parts of plants during harvesting to encourage natural regeneration and controlling unsustainable practices.
Agricultural robots can perform various agricultural tasks autonomously such as spraying, mechanical weed control, fruit picking, monitoring farms, and allowing farmers to increase efficiency and precision. Various types of agricultural robots are used for tasks like harvesting (Demeter robot), weed control, forestry work, horticulture, and fruit picking. Agricultural robots have advantages like collecting crop samples close to plants, applying chemicals precisely, and working continuously without needing rest. However, challenges include the costs of the technology and ensuring periodic human presence in fields. Future agricultural robots may include flying microbots and exoskeleton suits to assist with labor-intensive tasks.
This document summarizes research on off-season hydroponic strawberry production in Arizona. Key points discussed include using ever-bearing cultivars, aggregate hydroponics with a porous substrate, nighttime humidity control, and daylength extension lighting to allow year-round harvesting. Experimental results found yields of 7 kg/m2 and fruit sizes of 20g on average. Future work will focus on developing movable hydroponic systems and improving cultivar information. The overall goal is to establish a more sustainable system for winter strawberry production in Arizona.
THEME – 3 Barley genetic resources under climate changes: a possible way in f...ICARDA
This document discusses evaluating barley genetic resources under climate change using field studies. It proposes using a "honeycomb design with head planting" which would allow for evaluating a large number of barley accessions in a small area by planting the spikes or heads. This approach has advantages in being low-cost, space efficient, and allowing evaluation of traits related to abiotic and biotic stresses as well as yield. It could provide an alternative method for handling large barley collections and for developing core collections or subsets for further study.
This study evaluated the vine survival and sprouting ability of various sweet potato cultivars in Mozambique under long dry spells. Key findings include:
- Cultivar performance varied significantly with drought stress, with vine yield dropping as harvest time increased from 5 to 11 months.
- Introduced Resisto variety had the longest stems but no vines survived past 9 months.
- Irene, Xitsekele, Ivone and Xiadla-xikau maintained highest vine yields at 11 months.
- Bita, Alisha, Xiadla-xikau, Tacna and Mwazambane produced long vines suitable for rapid multiplication by cutting at 5 weeks of storage.
Potential of community-based NTFP management as coping mechanisms (food secu...phetsoulaphonh choulatida
1) The document studied the use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in three districts in Laos and their role in food security, income, and coping with climate hazards.
2) It found that NTFPs significantly contribute to nutrition and health, and some like beekeeping, cardamom, and galangal are important income sources.
3) Communities rely on collecting wild foods and selling NTFPs as coping strategies after climate hazards damage crops or livestock.
4) Recommendations focus on sustainable NTFP management through community forest groups, improved harvesting and marketing, and private sector involvement.
This document summarizes research on developing new agronomic techniques for growing high quality organic sweet corn in maritime Canada. The researchers established test plots to compare a high intensity crop rotation with three vegetable crops in four years to a low intensity rotation with one vegetable crop every four years. They found that transplanting corn was necessary to establish stands due to cool, wet spring conditions that caused direct seeded seeds to rot. Using red clover as a cover crop, zone tilling it into the soil, and applying biodegradable mini mulch helped establish the corn transplants and provided nitrogen. With this system, they achieved marketable yields of 35,375 ears per hectare worth $26,531 at $9 per dozen,
The document provides information on key elements of nursery management, including planning the nursery, crop development, and propagation. It discusses selecting an appropriate site and layout for the nursery. The three phases of crop development - establishment, rapid growth, and hardening - are outlined. Different structures used for plant propagation, like greenhouses and shade houses, are described. The importance of planning crops and developing propagation protocols is emphasized. Hardening plants before field planting to prepare them for stress is also highlighted.
Importance of sustainable scientific harvesting practices of Minor Forest Pro...Sai Bhaskar Reddy Nakka
The document discusses sustainable harvesting practices of Minor Forest Products (MFPs) through conservation of the environment and biodiversity. It outlines that MFP collection can be less damaging than felling trees if done appropriately through scientific and local knowledge. However, over-exploitation from factors like lack of regeneration threaten species. Sustainable forest management aims to balance production and conservation without degrading the forest. The document proposes various solutions like leaving parts of plants during harvesting to encourage natural regeneration and controlling unsustainable practices.
Agricultural robots can perform various agricultural tasks autonomously such as spraying, mechanical weed control, fruit picking, monitoring farms, and allowing farmers to increase efficiency and precision. Various types of agricultural robots are used for tasks like harvesting (Demeter robot), weed control, forestry work, horticulture, and fruit picking. Agricultural robots have advantages like collecting crop samples close to plants, applying chemicals precisely, and working continuously without needing rest. However, challenges include the costs of the technology and ensuring periodic human presence in fields. Future agricultural robots may include flying microbots and exoskeleton suits to assist with labor-intensive tasks.
This study evaluated the vine survival and sprouting ability of various sweet potato cultivars in Mozambique under long dry spells. Cultivars like Irene, Xitsekele, and Ivone maintained the highest vine yields after 11 months in the field. Bita, Alisha, Xiadla-xikau, and Tacna produced long vines even after 5 months of storage, suitable for rapid multiplication. While performance varied by location, the study identified cultivars that maintained viable vines and sprouted effectively after prolonged dry periods, demonstrating potential for use in drought-prone areas.
The document summarizes the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method of rice cultivation. SRI uses younger seedlings, wider spacing between plants, less flooding of fields, and other practices. It can significantly increase rice yields, often doubling average yields, while reducing water, seed, and other input needs. SRI goes against conventional agriculture wisdom but evidence shows it improves root and tiller growth, leading to higher productivity from existing rice varieties and genomes.
Nursery types, Structure, Components, Planning and Lay out of NurseryParmarManishkumarNar
A nursery is a place, where seedling, saplings, trees, shrubs, and other plant materials are grown and maintained until they are placed in a permanent place.
Role of protected cultivation in fruit cropsPraveen Mishra
This document discusses the role of protected cultivation in fruit crops. It defines protected cultivation as intensive agricultural systems that use structures like greenhouses, tunnels, shade nets, and mulches to control the environment and minimize pesticide use. These structures allow year-round production, higher yields, better quality, and less impact from weather events. The document provides examples of different protected cultivation technologies and their benefits for various fruit crops like strawberries, bananas, cherries, peaches, and blueberries. It summarizes research showing increased yields, reduced pest problems, and improved quality and harvest times with protected cultivation systems.
Present status and future prospects of modern day horticulture hhabibullah181
This document discusses the present status and future prospects of horticulture. It begins by defining horticulture and its major branches. It then discusses how technology has revolutionized horticulture through innovations like tractors, biotechnology, and greenhouses. Recent technological advances discussed include sensors to detect plant diseases, automated harvesting robots, and augmented reality tools. The document also outlines Pakistan's fruit production industry and exports, noting its potential for sustainable economic growth. It identifies citrus and mango as major crops and exports. Finally, it states that horticulture's future in Pakistan depends on addressing current issues and looks to international groups like ISHS for knowledge sharing.
This document discusses germplasm introduction and exchange. It defines germplasm introduction as the transfer of crop plants or genetic resources from one area to another where they have not been cultivated before. The objectives of germplasm introduction include introducing new plant species, high yielding varieties, enriching germplasm collections, and obtaining new sources of biotic and abiotic stress resistance. The document outlines the types, agencies, and steps involved in plant introduction and exchange in India and internationally. It discusses the merits of introducing new germplasm, but also notes some potential demerits such as introducing new weeds, pests, or diseases.
Plant exploration, germplasm collection, conservation and utilizationSyed Zahid Hasan
Sequentially given germplasm exploration, collection, conservation,evaluation and utilization sof Agroforestry plants.
Some information and pictures collected from google.
This document discusses how high density planting (HDP) can help double farmer's income in India. It notes that traditionally, banana farms plant 2000-4000 plants per hectare, but with HDP, 4000-6000 plants can be accommodated per hectare. HDP increases banana yields from 40-60 tons per hectare traditionally to 80-120 tons per hectare. HDP reduces labor costs and allows for mechanization, improving farm efficiency and profits. While lack of dwarf varieties and disease incidence pose limitations, case studies show that HDP can increase net returns over traditional methods from Rs. 135,000 to Rs. 413,333 per hectare for banana farmers.
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
System of rice intensification, a sustainable method to increase crop productiondamini333
The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), a method for increasing rice crop yields. Some key points of SRI include transplanting young seedlings, reducing plant population, and maintaining aerated soil conditions. SRI emphasizes changes from conventional rice cultivation such as nursery management, transplanting timing, and water, nutrient, and weed management to improve yields, reduce water and seed usage, and increase profits for farmers.
1. The document summarizes the hands-on training activities carried out by horticulture students on nursery management techniques over several dates.
2. The activities included re-potting ornamental plants, planting and maintaining forestry species, cleaning the nursery, identifying plant species, pruning, sowing cashew seeds, preparing hardwood, semi-hardwood and softwood cuttings, maintaining the lawn, weeding, watering, and conducting grafting and air layering.
3. Through these activities, the students gained practical exposure in various propagation techniques and nursery management operations.
This publication provides guidance on organic potato production practices including fertility and nutrient management, pest management, harvesting, storage, and marketing. It discusses using organic matter and crop rotations to build soil fertility as well as controlling insects, diseases, weeds, and nematodes without synthetic chemicals. Storage and economic issues are also covered. The goal is to grow healthy potato plants from certified organic seed using sustainable methods. Successful organic potato farming requires experimenting with different practices and marketing potatoes through various direct or wholesale channels.
The document discusses breadfruit germplasm and genetic diversity. It notes that while breadfruit is widely distributed, little work has been done to characterize and describe its many varieties. It recommends establishing a core collection of varieties in tissue culture to facilitate exchange and conservation of genetic resources. A 2007 symposium proposed transferring this core collection to other laboratories to multiply varieties and develop standardized evaluation protocols to study diversity and identify locally adapted varieties.
The document provides details on the layout and components of an ideal nursery, including:
1. Major components include a mother block, seed beds, pot yard, packing yard, compost pit, irrigation system, roads, drainage, and administrative buildings.
2. The nursery layout should be compact and rectangular to minimize boundaries, and include windbreaks along the perimeter.
3. Important factors in site selection are water availability, size, drainage, access, soil conditions, sunlight exposure, and wind protection.
The document discusses the establishment and components of a fruit nursery. Some key points:
1. A nursery is where young plants are raised until ready for outplanting. It aims to produce healthy, disease-free stock and introduce exotic species.
2. A nursery should have permanent structures like offices and storage, areas for seed beds and nursery beds, a pot yard, packing area, and water management systems.
3. Propagation structures like greenhouses, net houses, and mist chambers provide controlled environments for seed germination and hardening young seedlings. These are important for successful planting during unfavorable months.
The document discusses various types of gene banks and methods for conserving plant genetic resources ex situ. It describes seed banks, tissue banks, cryo banks, pollen banks, field gene banks, sperm banks and ova banks. It provides details on how each method preserves genetic material and which types of plants each method can be used for. The document also discusses best practices for managing gene bank accessions through electronic databases to facilitate utilization of plant genetic resources.
Status of Protected Cultivation in India and AbroadParshant Bakshi
This document provides an overview of protected cultivation in India and abroad. It discusses how protected structures like greenhouses, net houses, and plastic tunnels allow crops to be grown under controlled climatic conditions, leading to early production, higher quality, and protection from pests and diseases. In India, protected cultivation is a relatively new technology introduced around 30 years ago, while countries like China, Israel, the US, and several European nations have practiced it for over a century. The document also outlines the various types of protected structures used for different fruit crops and describes the environmental parameters that can be controlled inside structures like polyhouses to optimize plant growth.
A nursery is a place where plants are propagated and grown until they are ready to be planted elsewhere. There are different types of nurseries depending on factors like the planting material used, irrigation needs, and intended duration. Permanent nurseries are maintained long-term to meet regeneration needs, while temporary nurseries are set up as needed. Nurseries can help with artificial regeneration on degraded sites by providing healthy seedlings adapted to local conditions. They allow for commercial production and introduction of exotic species that do not establish well directly from seed.
Revitalizing Strawberry Production in Arkansas and the Surrounding Region via...sberries
This document discusses revitalizing strawberry production in Arkansas and surrounding regions through extended season production systems using high tunnels. It provides background on the history of strawberry production in Arkansas, current production statistics showing a decline, and opportunities for off-season production. The objectives of the program initiated in 2010 are outlined, which are to determine cultivar performance, production methods, and effect of biofumigation in high tunnel systems. The project involves multiple researchers and demonstration of production systems, nutrition practices, color mulches, and more to expand strawberry production season and educate growers. Workshops and trainings have provided information on alternative production systems but had lower than expected attendance. The project aims to decrease risks and provide year-round
GAMBIA GROWTH AND COMPETITIVENESS PROJECT
MANGO AND VEGETABLE OUT-GROWER SCHEME
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION REPORT
( A case of Gambia Horticultural Enterprises )
November 2015
The document provides information about the College of Agriculture in Bhawanipatna, Odisha. It details the establishment of the college in 2009 under Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology. It provides statistics about current student enrollment, staffing levels, and facilities available at the college including the library, nursery, and student plot. It also outlines some of the extension activities conducted by faculty members and achievements of the college and its students over the past year.
This study evaluated the vine survival and sprouting ability of various sweet potato cultivars in Mozambique under long dry spells. Cultivars like Irene, Xitsekele, and Ivone maintained the highest vine yields after 11 months in the field. Bita, Alisha, Xiadla-xikau, and Tacna produced long vines even after 5 months of storage, suitable for rapid multiplication. While performance varied by location, the study identified cultivars that maintained viable vines and sprouted effectively after prolonged dry periods, demonstrating potential for use in drought-prone areas.
The document summarizes the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method of rice cultivation. SRI uses younger seedlings, wider spacing between plants, less flooding of fields, and other practices. It can significantly increase rice yields, often doubling average yields, while reducing water, seed, and other input needs. SRI goes against conventional agriculture wisdom but evidence shows it improves root and tiller growth, leading to higher productivity from existing rice varieties and genomes.
Nursery types, Structure, Components, Planning and Lay out of NurseryParmarManishkumarNar
A nursery is a place, where seedling, saplings, trees, shrubs, and other plant materials are grown and maintained until they are placed in a permanent place.
Role of protected cultivation in fruit cropsPraveen Mishra
This document discusses the role of protected cultivation in fruit crops. It defines protected cultivation as intensive agricultural systems that use structures like greenhouses, tunnels, shade nets, and mulches to control the environment and minimize pesticide use. These structures allow year-round production, higher yields, better quality, and less impact from weather events. The document provides examples of different protected cultivation technologies and their benefits for various fruit crops like strawberries, bananas, cherries, peaches, and blueberries. It summarizes research showing increased yields, reduced pest problems, and improved quality and harvest times with protected cultivation systems.
Present status and future prospects of modern day horticulture hhabibullah181
This document discusses the present status and future prospects of horticulture. It begins by defining horticulture and its major branches. It then discusses how technology has revolutionized horticulture through innovations like tractors, biotechnology, and greenhouses. Recent technological advances discussed include sensors to detect plant diseases, automated harvesting robots, and augmented reality tools. The document also outlines Pakistan's fruit production industry and exports, noting its potential for sustainable economic growth. It identifies citrus and mango as major crops and exports. Finally, it states that horticulture's future in Pakistan depends on addressing current issues and looks to international groups like ISHS for knowledge sharing.
This document discusses germplasm introduction and exchange. It defines germplasm introduction as the transfer of crop plants or genetic resources from one area to another where they have not been cultivated before. The objectives of germplasm introduction include introducing new plant species, high yielding varieties, enriching germplasm collections, and obtaining new sources of biotic and abiotic stress resistance. The document outlines the types, agencies, and steps involved in plant introduction and exchange in India and internationally. It discusses the merits of introducing new germplasm, but also notes some potential demerits such as introducing new weeds, pests, or diseases.
Plant exploration, germplasm collection, conservation and utilizationSyed Zahid Hasan
Sequentially given germplasm exploration, collection, conservation,evaluation and utilization sof Agroforestry plants.
Some information and pictures collected from google.
This document discusses how high density planting (HDP) can help double farmer's income in India. It notes that traditionally, banana farms plant 2000-4000 plants per hectare, but with HDP, 4000-6000 plants can be accommodated per hectare. HDP increases banana yields from 40-60 tons per hectare traditionally to 80-120 tons per hectare. HDP reduces labor costs and allows for mechanization, improving farm efficiency and profits. While lack of dwarf varieties and disease incidence pose limitations, case studies show that HDP can increase net returns over traditional methods from Rs. 135,000 to Rs. 413,333 per hectare for banana farmers.
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
System of rice intensification, a sustainable method to increase crop productiondamini333
The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), a method for increasing rice crop yields. Some key points of SRI include transplanting young seedlings, reducing plant population, and maintaining aerated soil conditions. SRI emphasizes changes from conventional rice cultivation such as nursery management, transplanting timing, and water, nutrient, and weed management to improve yields, reduce water and seed usage, and increase profits for farmers.
1. The document summarizes the hands-on training activities carried out by horticulture students on nursery management techniques over several dates.
2. The activities included re-potting ornamental plants, planting and maintaining forestry species, cleaning the nursery, identifying plant species, pruning, sowing cashew seeds, preparing hardwood, semi-hardwood and softwood cuttings, maintaining the lawn, weeding, watering, and conducting grafting and air layering.
3. Through these activities, the students gained practical exposure in various propagation techniques and nursery management operations.
This publication provides guidance on organic potato production practices including fertility and nutrient management, pest management, harvesting, storage, and marketing. It discusses using organic matter and crop rotations to build soil fertility as well as controlling insects, diseases, weeds, and nematodes without synthetic chemicals. Storage and economic issues are also covered. The goal is to grow healthy potato plants from certified organic seed using sustainable methods. Successful organic potato farming requires experimenting with different practices and marketing potatoes through various direct or wholesale channels.
The document discusses breadfruit germplasm and genetic diversity. It notes that while breadfruit is widely distributed, little work has been done to characterize and describe its many varieties. It recommends establishing a core collection of varieties in tissue culture to facilitate exchange and conservation of genetic resources. A 2007 symposium proposed transferring this core collection to other laboratories to multiply varieties and develop standardized evaluation protocols to study diversity and identify locally adapted varieties.
The document provides details on the layout and components of an ideal nursery, including:
1. Major components include a mother block, seed beds, pot yard, packing yard, compost pit, irrigation system, roads, drainage, and administrative buildings.
2. The nursery layout should be compact and rectangular to minimize boundaries, and include windbreaks along the perimeter.
3. Important factors in site selection are water availability, size, drainage, access, soil conditions, sunlight exposure, and wind protection.
The document discusses the establishment and components of a fruit nursery. Some key points:
1. A nursery is where young plants are raised until ready for outplanting. It aims to produce healthy, disease-free stock and introduce exotic species.
2. A nursery should have permanent structures like offices and storage, areas for seed beds and nursery beds, a pot yard, packing area, and water management systems.
3. Propagation structures like greenhouses, net houses, and mist chambers provide controlled environments for seed germination and hardening young seedlings. These are important for successful planting during unfavorable months.
The document discusses various types of gene banks and methods for conserving plant genetic resources ex situ. It describes seed banks, tissue banks, cryo banks, pollen banks, field gene banks, sperm banks and ova banks. It provides details on how each method preserves genetic material and which types of plants each method can be used for. The document also discusses best practices for managing gene bank accessions through electronic databases to facilitate utilization of plant genetic resources.
Status of Protected Cultivation in India and AbroadParshant Bakshi
This document provides an overview of protected cultivation in India and abroad. It discusses how protected structures like greenhouses, net houses, and plastic tunnels allow crops to be grown under controlled climatic conditions, leading to early production, higher quality, and protection from pests and diseases. In India, protected cultivation is a relatively new technology introduced around 30 years ago, while countries like China, Israel, the US, and several European nations have practiced it for over a century. The document also outlines the various types of protected structures used for different fruit crops and describes the environmental parameters that can be controlled inside structures like polyhouses to optimize plant growth.
A nursery is a place where plants are propagated and grown until they are ready to be planted elsewhere. There are different types of nurseries depending on factors like the planting material used, irrigation needs, and intended duration. Permanent nurseries are maintained long-term to meet regeneration needs, while temporary nurseries are set up as needed. Nurseries can help with artificial regeneration on degraded sites by providing healthy seedlings adapted to local conditions. They allow for commercial production and introduction of exotic species that do not establish well directly from seed.
Revitalizing Strawberry Production in Arkansas and the Surrounding Region via...sberries
This document discusses revitalizing strawberry production in Arkansas and surrounding regions through extended season production systems using high tunnels. It provides background on the history of strawberry production in Arkansas, current production statistics showing a decline, and opportunities for off-season production. The objectives of the program initiated in 2010 are outlined, which are to determine cultivar performance, production methods, and effect of biofumigation in high tunnel systems. The project involves multiple researchers and demonstration of production systems, nutrition practices, color mulches, and more to expand strawberry production season and educate growers. Workshops and trainings have provided information on alternative production systems but had lower than expected attendance. The project aims to decrease risks and provide year-round
GAMBIA GROWTH AND COMPETITIVENESS PROJECT
MANGO AND VEGETABLE OUT-GROWER SCHEME
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION REPORT
( A case of Gambia Horticultural Enterprises )
November 2015
The document provides information about the College of Agriculture in Bhawanipatna, Odisha. It details the establishment of the college in 2009 under Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology. It provides statistics about current student enrollment, staffing levels, and facilities available at the college including the library, nursery, and student plot. It also outlines some of the extension activities conducted by faculty members and achievements of the college and its students over the past year.
Transforming mango crop productivity - Presentation from the Darwin mango fie...AustralianMangoes
This document summarizes research being conducted to improve the productivity of mango crops. The research is focusing on four key areas: vigour management using rootstocks and pruning, canopy architecture through training systems, light environment through pruning and density, and crop load management. The goal is to develop high density orchard systems that reach maximum productivity earlier through techniques such as increased tree density, semi-dwarfing rootstocks, and single-leader training to optimize light distribution and yields. Researchers are conducting field experiments and modeling to understand these factors and their interactions. The research has potential to transform mango orchard productivity and profitability.
1. The document discusses irrigation scheduling and fertilizer techniques for mango and apple crops. It provides details on calculating water requirements, irrigation frequency, and methods of fertilizer application for different growth stages.
2. Fertigation is recommended as an effective method of fertilizer application for mango and apple. Studies show fertigation can improve yield, flowering, and fruit quality characteristics compared to soil application of fertilizers.
3. Optimal water and fertilizer management practices are important to maximize mango and apple production while maintaining fruit quality. The timing and amount of irrigation and fertilizers should be tailored to the crop growth stage and soil conditions.
Mango originated in India and can grow in a wide range of soils, though deep, well-drained soils between pH 5.5-7.5 are most favorable. Water requirements vary from 28-85 liters per day per plant and 6400 cubic meters per hectare annually for a planting geometry of 5x5 meters. Irrigation is important during flowering, fruit setting, and development to reduce fruit drop, considering factors like crop age, root development, and moisture needs during bud differentiation and fruit quality stages. Optimum irrigation maintains soil moisture between -15 to -25 centibars for coarse soils and -30 to -60 centibars for fine soils.
An introduction to financial planning and budgeting from Mango, the leading non-profit that helps NGOs do more with their money. This is the second in a series of slideshows that introduce the essentials of financial management for NGOs.
This document provides an overview of considerations for starting a produce farm on an acreage. It discusses site analysis, soil testing, plant selection, crop rotation, equipment needs, irrigation, integrated pest management, season extension techniques, and food safety. Key recommendations include choosing a sunny site with good soil drainage, testing the soil pH and amending as needed, selecting crops and varieties suited to the climate, using crop rotation to reduce pests and diseases, and following food safety practices like the Food Safety Modernization Act produce safety rule.
Organic High Tunnel Bramble Production and Vegetable Interplantingcegundacker
This document provides an overview of organic high tunnel bramble and vegetable production. It discusses Scenic Valley Farms' high tunnel designs and crop management practices. Key points include their use of high tunnels for producing blackberries, raspberries, tomatoes, and other crops. Details are provided on soil preparation, irrigation, trellising, pruning, winterization, and intercropping strategies. Harvest yields, market potential, and estimated revenues from high tunnel crops are also summarized.
This document provides guidance on planning and preparing a vegetable garden. It discusses the advantages of gardening and important considerations for location, soil type, crop selection, and garden layout. Specific tips are provided for soil management based on soil type, fertilizing, planting methods, weed and pest control, and crop rotation. The document concludes with an assignment to design a four-year garden plan demonstrating crop rotation.
Capsicum is a cool season crop suitable for protected cultivation in greenhouses. It has high yields of 100-120 t/ha compared to open field yields of 20-40 t/ha. Hybrid varieties with thick fleshy fruits like Indira, Mahabharat and Orobelle are well-suited for greenhouse production. Seedlings are raised in nursery beds and transplanted to growing beds in greenhouses at a spacing of 45x30 cm. Drip irrigation and fertigation are provided. Pruning and training plants on twine supports maintains 4-6 fruiting branches per plant. Harvesting starts at 60 days and continues until plants cease bearing at 180-270 days. Yields of 10-12 kg/
The document provides information on the cashew tree. It describes the cashew tree's origin in northeastern Brazil and introduction to India in the 16th century. It discusses the tree's morphology, cultivation requirements, common varieties, pests and diseases, processing methods, and uses of cashew apples, nuts, and other parts of the tree. The document is an overview of cashew production that is less than 3 sentences.
Cashew is commonly propagated through seeds, which results in genetic variation. Vegetative propagation through methods like grafting, layering, and cuttings conserves the desirable traits of elite mother plants. The document provides detailed instructions on seed collection, storage and sowing techniques. It also describes vegetative propagation methods and nursery management practices like transplanting seedlings, pest and disease control, and preparing plants for field planting. Maintaining proper growing conditions is important for high survival rates of propagated plants.
Organic Strawberries with Paul & Sandy Arnoldacornorganic
This document provides details about the organic strawberry production system used by Paul and Sandy Arnold on their farm in Argyle, New York. It summarizes their transition to an annual bed system for strawberries, which involves planting plugs in raised beds covered with biodegradable paper mulch. The system provides weed-free berries and allows for a crop rotation. Details are provided on soil preparation, planting, irrigation, season extension techniques, and record keeping processes used to evaluate labor efficiency and profitability.
This document provides information on greenhouse cultivation of capsicum. It discusses climate and soil requirements, recommended hybrid varieties, nursery preparation, growing beds, fertilizer application, drip irrigation, pruning, training, and other cultivation practices. The optimal temperature range for capsicum is 26-28°C during the day and 16-18°C at night. Recommended hybrid varieties include IIHR Bangalore, Mahabharat, Indra, and Flavio which have yields of 16-100 t/ha and maturity periods of 65-150 days.
This document provides an overview of beetroot cultivation, including its classification as Beta vulgaris, climatic requirements for growth, recommended varieties such as Crimson Globe, and cultivation practices such as land preparation, planting, irrigation, pest and disease management, and harvesting. Beetroot is a biennial crop grown for its edible roots and rich in nutrients such as folate and manganese. It is commonly grown in Sri Lanka's hill country districts from seeds planted in nurseries and transplanted into fields.
This document provides information on turmeric production including the plant characteristics, propagation through presprouting and transplanting, growing in containers or soil, fertilization, harvesting, and marketing. Key aspects covered are that turmeric requires warm temperatures and 4-6 months to mature, presprouting improves yields, and regular fertilization and watering are important for high turmeric production. The document also outlines some culinary and medicinal uses of turmeric.
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2. Table of content
• Traditional system (matted row)
• Why consider season extension options?
• Season extension options using the following tools:
- Cultivars; Day length
- Plant “seedling” types
- Growing systems
• Most commonly used season extension systems
• Marketing
• Acknowledgements
4. Traditional Matted Row System
• Use dormant bare roots.
• Single rows planted on bare ground with
60 inch row spacing / runners will fill row
(5000 plants/ acre)
• Establishment year without harvest
• 2 – 3 harvest years with renovations.
• Lower cost, well adapted to U-Pick
• Expensive harvest for retail, lower prices
5. Traditional Matted Row System
• Early to late short day cultivars
• Can increase earliness of harvest with
floating cover in the spring.
• Can harvest 8 - 10 T/Ha in first harvest yr.
Yields usually go down afterwards
• Pests cause major headaches.
• Long period before return on investment.
• Often used where land is plentiful.
6. Why consider
season extension options?
• New markets
• Better labour use
• Quicker return on investments
• Fewer pests (weeds, insects & diseases)
• Better land utilization
• $$$$$$ (off-season markets)
8. How to modify harvest season?
1- Cultivars
2- Plant « seedling » types
3- Day length - Short-day vs Day-neutral
4- Growing systems
SELECT, COMBINE & MANAGE THESE
SEASON EXTENSION TOOLS TO FIT YOUR
BUSINESS NEEDS
9. 1- Cultivars
1) Early, mid, late seasons
2) Adapted to various climates and soils
3) Different characteristics (taste, firmness,
disease resistance, appearance, yield,
climate & soil adaptability…)
15. Large fresh or dormant plants
(trayplants)
http://novafruit.ca/en/fraises/plants.php
16. Some plant plug sources
• Ferme Onésime Pouliot:
http://savoirfaire.iledorleans.com/fra/product
eurs/ferme-onesime-pouliot.asp
• Nova Fruits http://www.novafruit.ca/
• Pépinière Larreault: http://www.lareault.com/
• Johnny’s Seed:
http://www.johnnyseeds.com/c-247-
strawberries.aspx
* Plugs should be ordered in advance
17. Some other bare root suppliers
in Nova Scotia
• G.W. Allen (http://gwallennursery.com/wp-
content/uploads/2014/09/ComptableStraw.
pdf )
• Kelly Nursery Inc.
(http://nasga.org/members/nurseries/cana
da/keddy.htm)
• Balamore Farm Ltd. (http://balamore.com )
18. 3 - Growing systems:
Other season extension tools:
• Bare ground (traditional)
• Raised beds plasticulture (High density)
• Floating covers (low & high plant density)
• Unheated caterpillar and high tunnels
• Heated greenhouses
19. 4- Day Length
a) Short day strawberries
b) Day neutral strawberries « everbearing »
20. Short Day Strawberry
• Plants that produce fruit buds when days are
short or when photo-periods are 13 hours or
less.
• Thus, fruit buds are produced in less light and
colder temperatures
• Produce daughter plants (runners) when days
are long.
21. Systems based on the following
tools:
• Cultivars
• Plant (seedling) types
• ‘‘Other techniques’’ (bare ground,
plasticulture..)
• Short day & day neutral plants
22. Bare Ground Matted row system/ short
day bare root plants/ floating cover
25. Fresh plug plants / short day
http://novafruit.ca/en/fraises/plants.php
26. Early Spring Harvest using
Short day/Plasticulture/ Fresh plugs/ Row cover
Care required to make 8
inch hills
45,000 plants / ha or
18,000 plants /acre
27. Early Spring Harvest using
Short day/Plasticulture/
Fresh plugs/ Row cover
• Planting date: late Aug – early Sept
• Early planting: More vegetation/ More yield/
Later crop
• Later planting: Less vegetation / Less yield /
Earlier crop
• Later planting: Frees up land longer - Can use
land for short season crops & offers more time
for site preparation.
28. Field preparation – Short day
Plasticulture/ F. plugs/ Row cover
• Fertily before making beds
- Conventional: 1/3 of normal recommendation
- Organic: compost + N rich material (all upfront)
• Make beds: mid-Aug / Early Sept
• Trickle irrigation under plastic
• Fertigate weekly @ 3 lbs / N (Conv.) Start fertilize
for 4 – 5 X until about 20 total N.
• Some will monitor fertility needs with salt test.
• Use greenhouse liquid / soluble fertilizers (Ca
NO3 , KSO4)
29. • 1st frost forecast (-2 ºC): White fabric floating
cover ( 1 X P-40 or 2 P-17)
• Extend fruit initation period.
• Many will lift cover to add straw + re-apply
floating cover for winter protection
• Following spring: Move straw in between rows
and re-apply floating cover until 10% bloom
• Frost control….
• Bees, fertility program.
Short day -Plasticulture / Fresh
plugs/ Row cover
32. Short day / Plasticulture / Fresh
plugs / Row Cover
• Harvest – Early June for 4-5 week period.
• 10 – 15 tonnes / ha of fruit of excellent
quality
• Organic production….. (annual production)
33. Renovation for Short day / Plasticulture
/ Fresh plugs / with few weeds
• Stop fertilizing close to end of harvest. (Let
runners run down mother plant)
• Mow once harvest is done just above crown
hearts.
• Remove runners just before fruits bud initiation
at the end of August
• Start fertilize with 3-4 kg / ha N per week for 4-5
X until about 20 total N once days get 13 hrs.
and less of photoperiod.
• Straw / No floating cover
34. Renovation for Short day / Plasticulture
/ Fresh plugs / with lots of weeds
• Stop fertilizing close to end of harvest. (Let
runners run down mother plant)
• Address weed problems before August 10.
• While weeding, trim old foliage with pruning
shears to leave about 5 trifoliate leaves. This
technique requires about 1000 hrs / ha (Extra 5
tonnes / ha compared to just mowing..)???
• Remove runners at the end of August
• Start fertilize at 3 – 4 kg / ha per week from mid-
August on for 4 – 5 X until about 20 total N
• Straw / No floating cover
35. Short day cultivars /
Plasticulture / Fresh plugs
• Next Spring: Remove straw
• Frost protection
• 2nd year harvest: Not as early & not as late
harvest as 1st harvest.
• 10 – 12 tonnes / ha (acceptable fruit size –
somewhat smaller fruit)
36. • Clery – Favourite ; good calibre, good
taste, orangy dark (protected cultivar)
• Tried Veestar: Size goes down quick?
• Chambly – interior color?
Short day cultivars /
Plasticulture / Fresh plugs
38. Day Length
a) Short day strawberries
b) Day neutral strawberries
« everbearing »
39. Day Neutral Strawberries
• Capacity to produce flowers continously
(indifferent to day length)
• Form fruit buds at any day length as long
as temperatures are favourable.
• Don’t produce as many runners
• More suitable for high density plantings
41. Fall Harvest using
Plasticulture / Day Neutral /
Bare roots / Spring planted
• Plant as early as possible using bare root
plants (usually early May) ( a few use dormant
plants)
• Few (if any) organic growers in Québec use this
system mainly because of pest issues in the fall
(tarnished plant bug, Spotted wing drosophila,
gray mold, powdery mildew…)
• Weekly fertilization program for conventional
system…
42. Fall Harvest using
Plasticulture / Day neutral /Dormant
bare roots / Spring planted
• Plantation done mainly by hand . (3000 plants/
day/ person) a few use machine with plug
plants
• Remove blossoms until plants reach 5 to 6
trifoliate leaves + cut runners a few times.
• Prefered cultivar: Albion; Seascape (Powdery
Mildew susceptible)
• Spacing: 11 X 12 inch + 52 inches between
rows (center to center).
• Plant density : 45,000 plants / ha
• Plastic 1.25 mil thickness
43. Fall Harvest using
Plasticulture / Day Neutral /Dormant
Bare roots / Spring planted
• Will produce harvest during fall of spring planting
year; Usually from about mid-July to mid-October.
• In Québec, very seldom keep plants a second year.
• Irrigation needs - tensiometers.
• Overhead irrigation used for frost control.
44. Plasticulture / Day Neutral/ Dormant
Bare root spring planting /
Fall harvest
• 60% of harvest is done between August 10th and
September 10th. Peak : August 20th.
• Harvest: 20 to 30 tonnes/ ha is possible.
– (1 lb/ plant!?)
• Never leave contaminated berries in field.
• Not meant for U¨Pick
• Average yield in other provinces might be lower…
45. Fall Harvest using
Plasticulture / Day Neutral /Dormant
Bare roots / Spring planted
• Conventional system: fertigation 1X per week.
• Windbreaks are useful.
• Supplemental bees are recommended
• Straw between rows for better fruit quality…
46. Plasticulture - Day Neutral
Strawberries
• Annual cost is more $$$$$
• Some pest pressure (less weeds & insect
pressure)
• Tarnished plant bugs, Spotted wing
drosophila, Powdery Mildew and grey mold
can affect yields.
• Winter protection is not necessary.
47. Plasticulture - Day Neutral
Strawberries
• A lot of attention to details is necessary;
therefore limiting who can produce.
48. Plasticulture
• Last season extension system example:
Plasticulture - Day Neutral –
Fall planted / Fresh plugs -
Fall crop
49. Plasticulture - Day Neutral –
Fall planted / Fresh plugs -
Fall crop• Fresh plugs planted in August / September
• Weekly fertigation feedings
• Floating cover for frost protection & extend
fruit bud initiation. + straw??
• Very early harvest in June (up to 15
tonnes / ha) excellent quality!!
• Dormant period / 2nd harvest – Late July till
mid-October (up to 15 tonnes/ ha of
medium quality fruit!!)
50. Matted row - Traditional
• Better adapted to U-Pick.
• Smaller investment.
• Longer time before ROI.
• More pest pressure.
• Land tied longer.
• Less technical
Plasticulture
• Easier picking reducing
labour by as much as
50% (retail market)
• Better price off-season
• Higher yields/ fruit size
• Lower pest incidence
• Quicker ROI
• Higher investments
required
• Better land use.
• More technical.
Comparisons
51. Plasticulture Comparisons
Early Harvest/ Short Day plugs/
Fall planting
• Less pest pressure -
Possibility to do an
organic production and
one early harvest.
• Conventional: Possibility
to harvest 2 seasons for a
total yield of 20 – 30
tonnes/ ha
Fall Harvest/ Day neutral/ bare
roots/ Spring planting
• More pest pressure –
Organic production
difficult
• Big harvest in one longer
harvest with 20 – 30
tonne / ha (organic
fertility)
52. Plasticulture
Short day vs Day neutral Comparisons
Early Harvest/ Short Day plugs/
Fall planting
• Less pest pressure -
Possibility to do an
organic production and
one very early harvest.
• Conventional: Possibility
to harvest 2 seasons for a
total yield of 20 – 30
tonnes/ ha
Fall Harvest/ Day neutral bare
roots/ Spring planting
• More pest pressure –
Organic production
difficult
• Big harvest in one longer
harvest with 20-30 t / ha
(organic fertility)
54. Take home message for organic growers:
• Plasticulture helps deter weeds.
However, organic fertilization must be front loaded
• Row covers for season extension help deter insect pest such as
Tarnished Plant Bug and Clipper Weevils.
However, they must be removed at bloom time
• Early harvest systems (short day cultivars) /
Annual production systems offer more opportunities,
less pressure from diseases such as powdery mildew
and gray mold.
• Day neutral varieties not very compatible with organic
production. No (few) effective tools to control insects and
diseases which build up over time.
55. Plasticulture – Labor distribution
Short Day Fall planting Fall Harvest of Day
Neutral
61. Season Extension
Technologies Strawberries
• New marketing is necessary / Not for U-
Pick!!!
• Increase fruit size & quality /Small fruits can
be sold for processing markets.
• Marketing of different « product »: 2x better
retail price than conventionnal.??
• Typical markets : roadside stands,
restaurants, Farmers’ markets and
wholesalers. Sell in pint containers, quarts
and 8 lbs clam shells.
65. "20 years ago, we had 20 different varieties in
only one production system, today we have 20
ways to grow the same variety“
(Peter Vinson, England)
66. Acknowledgements
• Jacques Painchaud; Luc Urbain – MAPAQ
• John Lewis – Perennia
• Ferme Talfort; Ferme J-Y Gamelin; Ferme des
Ormes; Ferme de la Berceuse; Potager André
Samson; Ferme René Fontaine; * Paul & Sandy
Arnols (NY State)
• Nova-Fruits ;
• ACORN – Theresa Richards & Tara Scott
• NBDAAF – Claude Berthélémé, Roger
Tremblay