The document discusses various strategies and methods used in extension teaching, including individual methods like farm and home visits, office calls, telephone calls, letters, and result demonstrations. It also discusses group teaching methods like lectures, general meetings, method demonstrations, extension schools, and tours/field trips. Key factors to consider in choosing appropriate teaching methods include the extension worker, clientele/learners, objectives, subject matter, available materials/facilities, time, and available budget. Methods are also classified based on their outreach as individual, group, or mass methods.
**needs updates and improvement
this slides are made with excerpts from other sources like, books,publication, journals, magazines and on-line sources.No plagiarism intended.
intended for the review in the upcoming may 2015 agriculture major admission test of Cavite State University.
for inquiries email me at: darkspot0713@gmail.com
This document outlines 14 principles of extension education. The principles include:
1) Prioritizing the needs and interests of local people over the agent's own interests.
2) Accounting for cultural differences between agents and farmers.
3) Engaging grassroots organizations familiar with local issues.
4) Understanding and utilizing indigenous knowledge systems.
5) Promoting learning through practical experience and participation.
Individual contact method in Extension EducationBalaraj BL
The document discusses various individual contact methods used by extension workers to communicate directly with farmers. It describes face-to-face meetings through farm/home visits and office calls, as well as indirect methods like telephone calls, letters, demonstrations, email, video calls, and correspondence courses. Both advantages and limitations are provided for each approach. The goal is to establish good relationships while overcoming challenges of covering many individual farmers.
This document discusses 8 common approaches to agricultural extension:
1. The general agriculture extension approach focuses on disseminating technologies to increase production and is centralized with priorities set nationally.
2. The commodity specialized approach concentrates on increasing production of a single crop through grouping related functions and requiring farmer cooperation.
3. The training and visit approach aims to increase crop production through rigorous training of agents and scheduled farmer visits to promote recommended practices.
4. The agricultural extension participatory approach gives farmer groups and local stakeholders more control and focuses on relevant, low-cost solutions through farmer participation.
Agricultural Extension and CommunicationKarl Obispo
This document provides an overview of agricultural development and extension. It defines development and discusses various development theories including growth theories, structural theories, stage theory, liberation theory, and advantage theory. It also covers aspects of agricultural development including production, marketing, supply, governance, research, education, and extension. Sustainable agriculture and country experiences are discussed. Finally, it outlines some key Philippine agriculture laws.
Basics of adult learning
Extension methods in various fields
• Individual Method
Farm and home visits, office calls, phone calls, e-mails, personal letters.
• Group method
method and result demonstrations, study visits, meetings, farmer field schools, extension schools.
• Mass method :
television, radio, leaflets, newspapers
Planning for effective use of the methods.
Role of audio, visual, and audio-visual aids in facilitating use of extension methods
Evaluating effectiveness of various extension methods.
The document provides definitions, objectives, scope, principles, philosophy, and process of agricultural extension education. It defines extension as an educational process aimed at changing attitudes and behaviors through communication and mutual learning. The objectives are to help people identify and solve problems. The scope covers agricultural production, marketing, resource management, family living, youth, leadership, and community development. Key principles include cultural relevance, participation, interests/needs, and evaluation. The philosophy emphasizes self-help, cooperation, democracy, and voluntary participation. The educational process involves problem identification, goal-setting, teaching, and evaluation.
**needs updates and improvement
this slides are made with excerpts from other sources like, books,publication, journals, magazines and on-line sources.No plagiarism intended.
intended for the review in the upcoming may 2015 agriculture major admission test of Cavite State University.
for inquiries email me at: darkspot0713@gmail.com
This document outlines 14 principles of extension education. The principles include:
1) Prioritizing the needs and interests of local people over the agent's own interests.
2) Accounting for cultural differences between agents and farmers.
3) Engaging grassroots organizations familiar with local issues.
4) Understanding and utilizing indigenous knowledge systems.
5) Promoting learning through practical experience and participation.
Individual contact method in Extension EducationBalaraj BL
The document discusses various individual contact methods used by extension workers to communicate directly with farmers. It describes face-to-face meetings through farm/home visits and office calls, as well as indirect methods like telephone calls, letters, demonstrations, email, video calls, and correspondence courses. Both advantages and limitations are provided for each approach. The goal is to establish good relationships while overcoming challenges of covering many individual farmers.
This document discusses 8 common approaches to agricultural extension:
1. The general agriculture extension approach focuses on disseminating technologies to increase production and is centralized with priorities set nationally.
2. The commodity specialized approach concentrates on increasing production of a single crop through grouping related functions and requiring farmer cooperation.
3. The training and visit approach aims to increase crop production through rigorous training of agents and scheduled farmer visits to promote recommended practices.
4. The agricultural extension participatory approach gives farmer groups and local stakeholders more control and focuses on relevant, low-cost solutions through farmer participation.
Agricultural Extension and CommunicationKarl Obispo
This document provides an overview of agricultural development and extension. It defines development and discusses various development theories including growth theories, structural theories, stage theory, liberation theory, and advantage theory. It also covers aspects of agricultural development including production, marketing, supply, governance, research, education, and extension. Sustainable agriculture and country experiences are discussed. Finally, it outlines some key Philippine agriculture laws.
Basics of adult learning
Extension methods in various fields
• Individual Method
Farm and home visits, office calls, phone calls, e-mails, personal letters.
• Group method
method and result demonstrations, study visits, meetings, farmer field schools, extension schools.
• Mass method :
television, radio, leaflets, newspapers
Planning for effective use of the methods.
Role of audio, visual, and audio-visual aids in facilitating use of extension methods
Evaluating effectiveness of various extension methods.
The document provides definitions, objectives, scope, principles, philosophy, and process of agricultural extension education. It defines extension as an educational process aimed at changing attitudes and behaviors through communication and mutual learning. The objectives are to help people identify and solve problems. The scope covers agricultural production, marketing, resource management, family living, youth, leadership, and community development. Key principles include cultural relevance, participation, interests/needs, and evaluation. The philosophy emphasizes self-help, cooperation, democracy, and voluntary participation. The educational process involves problem identification, goal-setting, teaching, and evaluation.
The document discusses new trends in agricultural extension, including a shift from top-down to bottom-up and production-led to market-led approaches. It outlines the need for market-led extension to help farmers understand market demands and consumer preferences in order to improve livelihoods. Examples of innovative market-led extension approaches provided include market intelligence, contract farming, and direct marketing. The challenges and dimensions of market-led extension are also summarized, along with some successful farmer entrepreneurs utilizing these approaches.
This professional system of extension is based on frequent training of extension workers and regular field visits for onward guiding the farmers in agricultural production and raising their income by providing appropriate plans for country development.
This document discusses rural agricultural work experience and extension teaching methods. It defines extension teaching methods as devices used to create communication between instructors and learners. Extension methods are classified as individual contact methods, group contact methods, and mass contact methods. Individual methods include farm visits and demonstrations. Group methods include result demonstrations, method demonstrations, and group discussions. Mass methods include publications, newspapers, radio, television, and campaigns. The document provides details on objectives, advantages, and limitations of various extension teaching methods.
This document discusses extension education, including its meaning, nature, scope, importance, and leadership. It defines extension as stretching out education to rural areas through non-formal means, with the goal of sustainable improvement in quality of life. Extension aims to develop human capabilities through changing knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors. It is important as it respects individuals, speeds adoption of innovations, and provides feedback to researchers. Extension covers various disciplines and uses different approaches like decentralized and market-led models. ICT tools are also helping extension reach more farmers. The role of extension is to facilitate learning through demonstrations and participation.
Approaches in Extension - Prof. Rubi R. OrbetaRubi Orbeta
Here is an example of an integrated extension project using the input-process-output model:
Inputs:
- Funding from DA, LGU, NGO for project costs
- Technical expertise from DA, CLSU on agriculture, nutrition, health
- Participation of barangay officials, farmers, families
Process:
- Conduct training programs for farmers on new crop production techniques
- Implement home gardening project to improve household nutrition
- Provide health education and access to medical services
Outputs:
- Increased agricultural production and farm incomes
- Improved nutritional status of families
- Better health outcomes for community members
The integrated approach brings together different organizations and addresses multiple needs through coordinated programming
This document discusses changing trends in agricultural extension in India. It notes that agricultural extension aims to promote sustainable and inclusive agricultural development. Extension services must be tailored to specific contexts and farmer categories. Key changes in India's extension system include policy reforms, decentralization of services, institutional restructuring, strengthening research-extension-farmer linkages, capacity building, mainstreaming women in agriculture, use of information technology, pluralistic financing approaches, and participatory methods. A pluralistic extension system recognizes various public, private, and non-governmental organizations that provide services. It aims to enhance local agricultural competitiveness, economic development, livelihoods, and ultimately reduce rural poverty and improve food security and gender equality.
The document discusses different extension teaching methods used to communicate between instructors and learners. It categorizes methods according to their use (individual, group, mass contact), form (written, visual, telling, showing, doing), stage in the innovation-decision process (knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation), learning process (attention, interest, conviction, action, desire, satisfaction), learning objectives (knowledge, skill, attitude), and adopter categories (innovation, early adopters, early and late majority, laggards). Some commonly used methods include farm and home visits, demonstrations, meetings, printed materials, and audiovisual aids.
This document discusses pluralism in agricultural extension systems. Pluralistic extension involves multiple providers of extension services, often with different funding sources and approaches. This can raise issues around coordination, roles, and competition/collaboration. The document provides examples of pluralistic extension in Ghana, the United States, and other countries. It also discusses reasons why multiple extension actors emerge and how pluralism affects extension management and implementation, such as the need for coordination between different groups.
This document discusses definitions and concepts related to agricultural extension. It provides several definitions of extension from different perspectives, such as technical assistance, technology transfer, non-formal education, and a process of effecting positive change. It also discusses key elements and dimensions of extension, including its educational, communication, behavioral, and income-generating goals. Additionally, the document outlines some concerns and challenges to effectively delivering extension services, such as wide geographic coverage areas, cultural differences, and poverty in rural communities. Overall, the document provides an overview of the field of agricultural extension.
Extension strategies for rural upliftmentNishu Kanwar
This document discusses various approaches to agricultural extension that have been used in India, as well as emerging issues. It describes different extension approaches that have been tried, including community development, farming systems, integrated development, and training and visit. It also outlines emerging issues with the public, private and third sectors providing extension services. New challenges for extension include relevance of technologies to local conditions, lack of infrastructure and resources, and inadequate technical support. Future extension models need to be tailored to objectives, institutions and target populations.
Farmer Led Extension is a promising approach wherein farmer leaders were utilized as extensionists to transfer the technologies they learned with a view to boosting up production.
The FLE approach gives farmers the opportunity to share their experiences and practices through a method demonstration with fellow farmers in the area.
Reasons for Group Led Extension
1. Efficiency
2. Effectiveness
3. Collective action
4. Equity
Farm school :
“Farm school is a field where latest technology was demonstrated to progressive and interested farmers who undergo training for a certain period of time. Farm schools help in speedy dissemination and adoption of technologies through training of progressive farmers on the latest production technology.”
This document provides an introduction to extension education methods. It discusses course objectives which are to develop instructional plans, select and apply extension methods, and understand teaching-learning processes. The document then covers theories of teaching as facilitating learning and developing instructional plans. It discusses individual, group, and mass contact extension methods and their merits and demerits. The document also addresses practical components like developing instructional plans for situations and participating in teaching experiences.
This document discusses the tools and techniques of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). PRA is an approach that aims to empower local people through participation. It involves using various visual and interactive methods to share information, enhance understanding, analyze problems, and plan and take action. Some key PRA tools discussed are social mapping, resource mapping, seasonal calendars, timelines, matrix ranking, and focus group discussions. The document outlines the principles and goals of PRA, as well as guidelines for effectively applying its tools and techniques in a participatory manner.
This document lists several agricultural development programs implemented in India between 1960-2000 including:
- The Intensive Agriculture Development Program (IADP) launched in 1960 to provide loans, seeds, and tools to farmers.
- The High Yielding Variety Program (HYVP) launched in 1966 to increase food grain productivity through adoption of improved varieties and inputs.
- The Small Farmers Development Agency (SFDA) and Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Labor Agency (MFALA) launched in 1973 and 1974 respectively to provide technical and financial assistance to small and marginal farmers.
Extension education process, principles and philosophyGBPUA&T, Pantnagar
This document outlines key principles of agricultural extension. It discusses collecting information about community problems and resources through surveys. It emphasizes setting realistic objectives that satisfy the community and result in behavioral and economic changes. It also stresses teaching research-based solutions relevant to the community and evaluating outcomes through re-surveys to measure success and identify deficiencies. The extension program should be reconsidered based on evaluation results, with problems identified becoming the starting point for the next phase.
This document discusses the process of extension program planning. It defines key terms like "extension program" and outlines assumptions and principles of extension planning. The main steps in the extension program planning process are identified as: 1) collecting relevant facts, 2) analyzing the situation, 3) identifying problems, 4) determining objectives and goals, 5) developing a plan of work and calendar, 6) implementing the plan, 7) evaluating progress, and 8) reconsidering and revising the program. The document emphasizes analyzing needs, setting clear and realistic objectives, involving local stakeholders, and continuously evaluating and improving the program.
This document discusses participatory extension approaches (PEA) as an alternative to the traditional transfer of technology (ToT) model for rural extension. It outlines some key characteristics of PEA, including integrating community mobilization, promoting farmer experimentation and capacity building, and facilitating equitable participation. PEA emphasizes joint learning among farmers, researchers, and extension agents and positioning farmers as decision-makers in the innovation process rather than passive recipients of externally-developed technologies. The role of extension agents shifts from teacher to facilitator of farmer-led analysis, planning, implementation and reflection.
OUTLINES
1.Extension Teaching Method
2. Methods by Nature Of Contact
3. Objectives
4 Farms And Home Visit
5 Official Calls
6 Phone Calls
7 Personal Letters
8 E mail
9 Video Calling
10 Advantages Of Individual Contacts
The document discusses the privatization of agricultural extension services. It begins by providing context on the traditional public funding and delivery of extension, and how private and voluntary sectors have increasingly challenged this monopoly since the 1980s. Chile was the first country to test privatized extension services in 1978 as part of economic reforms. The document then discusses private extension models and services provided, as well as some advantages like increased efficiency and accountability, and disadvantages like potentially hampering free information flow. It also outlines challenges like addressing subsistence farmers and women in the rural workforce. Overall, the document examines the shift toward private extension internationally and in India.
This document discusses cyber extension in agriculture. It defines cyber extension as an information exchange mechanism over cyber space through telecommunication means. It outlines some key milestones in cyber extension such as the establishment of ARIS in 1995 and Agrisnet in 1997 to provide agricultural information to farmers. The document also discusses various tools and approaches used in cyber extension like agriculture portals, email, video conferencing, expert systems, and call centers. It highlights advantages like lower costs and wider reach compared to traditional extension. However, it also notes challenges including information not being in local languages, lack of internet access in remote areas, and illiteracy among farmers.
Nuru Yimer Hassen is seeking a position that allows him to contribute to an organization's success using his over 1 year of experience in finance, administration, and humanitarian services. He holds a B.A. in management and has worked as an administrative assistant and general services officer. His skills include proficiency in Microsoft Office, finance, administration, customer service, and working well independently and in multicultural teams.
National institute of higher education system is providing training and devel...Royal Ceramics Lanka PLC
This assignment is based on type of the National Institute of Higher Education System is providing training and development in sri lanka, now is planning to start a degree providing school for the institute. Therefore it is need to communicate with the public. That means target market which is students and parents
The document discusses new trends in agricultural extension, including a shift from top-down to bottom-up and production-led to market-led approaches. It outlines the need for market-led extension to help farmers understand market demands and consumer preferences in order to improve livelihoods. Examples of innovative market-led extension approaches provided include market intelligence, contract farming, and direct marketing. The challenges and dimensions of market-led extension are also summarized, along with some successful farmer entrepreneurs utilizing these approaches.
This professional system of extension is based on frequent training of extension workers and regular field visits for onward guiding the farmers in agricultural production and raising their income by providing appropriate plans for country development.
This document discusses rural agricultural work experience and extension teaching methods. It defines extension teaching methods as devices used to create communication between instructors and learners. Extension methods are classified as individual contact methods, group contact methods, and mass contact methods. Individual methods include farm visits and demonstrations. Group methods include result demonstrations, method demonstrations, and group discussions. Mass methods include publications, newspapers, radio, television, and campaigns. The document provides details on objectives, advantages, and limitations of various extension teaching methods.
This document discusses extension education, including its meaning, nature, scope, importance, and leadership. It defines extension as stretching out education to rural areas through non-formal means, with the goal of sustainable improvement in quality of life. Extension aims to develop human capabilities through changing knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors. It is important as it respects individuals, speeds adoption of innovations, and provides feedback to researchers. Extension covers various disciplines and uses different approaches like decentralized and market-led models. ICT tools are also helping extension reach more farmers. The role of extension is to facilitate learning through demonstrations and participation.
Approaches in Extension - Prof. Rubi R. OrbetaRubi Orbeta
Here is an example of an integrated extension project using the input-process-output model:
Inputs:
- Funding from DA, LGU, NGO for project costs
- Technical expertise from DA, CLSU on agriculture, nutrition, health
- Participation of barangay officials, farmers, families
Process:
- Conduct training programs for farmers on new crop production techniques
- Implement home gardening project to improve household nutrition
- Provide health education and access to medical services
Outputs:
- Increased agricultural production and farm incomes
- Improved nutritional status of families
- Better health outcomes for community members
The integrated approach brings together different organizations and addresses multiple needs through coordinated programming
This document discusses changing trends in agricultural extension in India. It notes that agricultural extension aims to promote sustainable and inclusive agricultural development. Extension services must be tailored to specific contexts and farmer categories. Key changes in India's extension system include policy reforms, decentralization of services, institutional restructuring, strengthening research-extension-farmer linkages, capacity building, mainstreaming women in agriculture, use of information technology, pluralistic financing approaches, and participatory methods. A pluralistic extension system recognizes various public, private, and non-governmental organizations that provide services. It aims to enhance local agricultural competitiveness, economic development, livelihoods, and ultimately reduce rural poverty and improve food security and gender equality.
The document discusses different extension teaching methods used to communicate between instructors and learners. It categorizes methods according to their use (individual, group, mass contact), form (written, visual, telling, showing, doing), stage in the innovation-decision process (knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation), learning process (attention, interest, conviction, action, desire, satisfaction), learning objectives (knowledge, skill, attitude), and adopter categories (innovation, early adopters, early and late majority, laggards). Some commonly used methods include farm and home visits, demonstrations, meetings, printed materials, and audiovisual aids.
This document discusses pluralism in agricultural extension systems. Pluralistic extension involves multiple providers of extension services, often with different funding sources and approaches. This can raise issues around coordination, roles, and competition/collaboration. The document provides examples of pluralistic extension in Ghana, the United States, and other countries. It also discusses reasons why multiple extension actors emerge and how pluralism affects extension management and implementation, such as the need for coordination between different groups.
This document discusses definitions and concepts related to agricultural extension. It provides several definitions of extension from different perspectives, such as technical assistance, technology transfer, non-formal education, and a process of effecting positive change. It also discusses key elements and dimensions of extension, including its educational, communication, behavioral, and income-generating goals. Additionally, the document outlines some concerns and challenges to effectively delivering extension services, such as wide geographic coverage areas, cultural differences, and poverty in rural communities. Overall, the document provides an overview of the field of agricultural extension.
Extension strategies for rural upliftmentNishu Kanwar
This document discusses various approaches to agricultural extension that have been used in India, as well as emerging issues. It describes different extension approaches that have been tried, including community development, farming systems, integrated development, and training and visit. It also outlines emerging issues with the public, private and third sectors providing extension services. New challenges for extension include relevance of technologies to local conditions, lack of infrastructure and resources, and inadequate technical support. Future extension models need to be tailored to objectives, institutions and target populations.
Farmer Led Extension is a promising approach wherein farmer leaders were utilized as extensionists to transfer the technologies they learned with a view to boosting up production.
The FLE approach gives farmers the opportunity to share their experiences and practices through a method demonstration with fellow farmers in the area.
Reasons for Group Led Extension
1. Efficiency
2. Effectiveness
3. Collective action
4. Equity
Farm school :
“Farm school is a field where latest technology was demonstrated to progressive and interested farmers who undergo training for a certain period of time. Farm schools help in speedy dissemination and adoption of technologies through training of progressive farmers on the latest production technology.”
This document provides an introduction to extension education methods. It discusses course objectives which are to develop instructional plans, select and apply extension methods, and understand teaching-learning processes. The document then covers theories of teaching as facilitating learning and developing instructional plans. It discusses individual, group, and mass contact extension methods and their merits and demerits. The document also addresses practical components like developing instructional plans for situations and participating in teaching experiences.
This document discusses the tools and techniques of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). PRA is an approach that aims to empower local people through participation. It involves using various visual and interactive methods to share information, enhance understanding, analyze problems, and plan and take action. Some key PRA tools discussed are social mapping, resource mapping, seasonal calendars, timelines, matrix ranking, and focus group discussions. The document outlines the principles and goals of PRA, as well as guidelines for effectively applying its tools and techniques in a participatory manner.
This document lists several agricultural development programs implemented in India between 1960-2000 including:
- The Intensive Agriculture Development Program (IADP) launched in 1960 to provide loans, seeds, and tools to farmers.
- The High Yielding Variety Program (HYVP) launched in 1966 to increase food grain productivity through adoption of improved varieties and inputs.
- The Small Farmers Development Agency (SFDA) and Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Labor Agency (MFALA) launched in 1973 and 1974 respectively to provide technical and financial assistance to small and marginal farmers.
Extension education process, principles and philosophyGBPUA&T, Pantnagar
This document outlines key principles of agricultural extension. It discusses collecting information about community problems and resources through surveys. It emphasizes setting realistic objectives that satisfy the community and result in behavioral and economic changes. It also stresses teaching research-based solutions relevant to the community and evaluating outcomes through re-surveys to measure success and identify deficiencies. The extension program should be reconsidered based on evaluation results, with problems identified becoming the starting point for the next phase.
This document discusses the process of extension program planning. It defines key terms like "extension program" and outlines assumptions and principles of extension planning. The main steps in the extension program planning process are identified as: 1) collecting relevant facts, 2) analyzing the situation, 3) identifying problems, 4) determining objectives and goals, 5) developing a plan of work and calendar, 6) implementing the plan, 7) evaluating progress, and 8) reconsidering and revising the program. The document emphasizes analyzing needs, setting clear and realistic objectives, involving local stakeholders, and continuously evaluating and improving the program.
This document discusses participatory extension approaches (PEA) as an alternative to the traditional transfer of technology (ToT) model for rural extension. It outlines some key characteristics of PEA, including integrating community mobilization, promoting farmer experimentation and capacity building, and facilitating equitable participation. PEA emphasizes joint learning among farmers, researchers, and extension agents and positioning farmers as decision-makers in the innovation process rather than passive recipients of externally-developed technologies. The role of extension agents shifts from teacher to facilitator of farmer-led analysis, planning, implementation and reflection.
OUTLINES
1.Extension Teaching Method
2. Methods by Nature Of Contact
3. Objectives
4 Farms And Home Visit
5 Official Calls
6 Phone Calls
7 Personal Letters
8 E mail
9 Video Calling
10 Advantages Of Individual Contacts
The document discusses the privatization of agricultural extension services. It begins by providing context on the traditional public funding and delivery of extension, and how private and voluntary sectors have increasingly challenged this monopoly since the 1980s. Chile was the first country to test privatized extension services in 1978 as part of economic reforms. The document then discusses private extension models and services provided, as well as some advantages like increased efficiency and accountability, and disadvantages like potentially hampering free information flow. It also outlines challenges like addressing subsistence farmers and women in the rural workforce. Overall, the document examines the shift toward private extension internationally and in India.
This document discusses cyber extension in agriculture. It defines cyber extension as an information exchange mechanism over cyber space through telecommunication means. It outlines some key milestones in cyber extension such as the establishment of ARIS in 1995 and Agrisnet in 1997 to provide agricultural information to farmers. The document also discusses various tools and approaches used in cyber extension like agriculture portals, email, video conferencing, expert systems, and call centers. It highlights advantages like lower costs and wider reach compared to traditional extension. However, it also notes challenges including information not being in local languages, lack of internet access in remote areas, and illiteracy among farmers.
Nuru Yimer Hassen is seeking a position that allows him to contribute to an organization's success using his over 1 year of experience in finance, administration, and humanitarian services. He holds a B.A. in management and has worked as an administrative assistant and general services officer. His skills include proficiency in Microsoft Office, finance, administration, customer service, and working well independently and in multicultural teams.
National institute of higher education system is providing training and devel...Royal Ceramics Lanka PLC
This assignment is based on type of the National Institute of Higher Education System is providing training and development in sri lanka, now is planning to start a degree providing school for the institute. Therefore it is need to communicate with the public. That means target market which is students and parents
The document presents a group project for a Communication for Business course. The group has 12 members from the Department of Business Administration at Noakhali Science and Technology University. The project covers various topics related to business communication including the basics of effective communication, methods of communication, communication barriers and overcoming culture differences in communication. It discusses communication channels, both oral and written, as well as internal and external communication methods used in businesses.
The document defines guidance services as procedures, tools, and facilities that assist individuals in securing knowledge and skills needed to make plans and interpret life. It discusses the purposes of guidance services in helping students recognize their potential, adjust to school, and develop coping skills. The scope of guidance services includes services for individuals, staff, and evaluating programs. Basic guidance services outlined are information services, individual inventories, placement, counseling, vocational/career services, remedial/enrichment services, and follow-up services. Guidance activities to support each service are also described.
This document discusses interpersonal communication methods between two individuals, including face-to-face meetings, farm/home visits, and farmer's calls. Face-to-face communication allows for immediate feedback but is time consuming. Farm/home visits provide first-hand information to farmers but can be expensive if not all homes are visited. Farmer's calls provide information to farmers seeking assistance but only limited information can be exchanged. The document outlines objectives, advantages, and limitations of each method.
Presentation of executive communicationYuvraj Singh
This document provides information on various topics for executive communication: professional use of telephones, interviews, group discussions, and presentations. For professional phone use, it emphasizes answering quickly, being polite and professional, and considering automation options. For interviews, it lists important points like smiling, sharing details, goals, and strengths. Group discussions involve 8-12 members discussing a topic within 30 minutes to assess abilities. Effective presentations determine purpose and audience, arrange materials logically, and practice delivery.
Practice management in paediatric dentistry deepak chawhanDeepak Chawhan
A thorough knowledge of practice management in today’s paediatric dental set up is a very important, more so because the entire outlook has shown a radical shift. From inception as a branch dealing with extraction of baby teeth which were decayed, today’s Pedodontists practice prevention and preservation.
The document summarizes a validation project in Iceland that assessed unemployed individuals' and those in rehabilitation employability skills. A stakeholder group helped develop criteria and methodology based on the Icelandic and Canadian validation models. Participants documented work experience and competencies through a portfolio process. They then self-assessed against employability skill standards in areas like adaptability, communication, and teamwork. Assessors interviewed participants, verifying skills. Results provided empowerment, career guidance, and recognized skills for job applications or further education. The project aimed to highlight individuals' strengths and skills desired by the labor market.
This document is a resume for Gina Marie Mizvitowicz. It summarizes her qualifications, education, leadership roles, professional experience, and extra-curricular activities. She has over 10 years of experience in marketing, business administration, and customer service roles. She holds a degree in Corporate Communication and Business Administration from The Pennsylvania State University. Her most recent role is Admissions Director at Genesis Health Care Facility.
Sarah Meadway is a charismatic and organized individual with over 10 years of experience in care coordination and project management. She currently works as a Line Manager and Project Coordinator at The National Autistic Society Hertfordshire, where she manages four properties, oversees 19 staff members, and develops support plans for those with autism. Previously, she has held roles as a Senior Support Worker and Key Worker at rehabilitation centers, where she set up new programs and services, secured funding for clients, and provided direct care.
Effective strategies for increasing student participation abroadnafsaregion12
The document outlines a presentation given by Karen Eisenhut from Point Loma Nazarene University and Lisa Loberg from California Lutheran University at the NAFSA Region XII Conference in San Jose, CA on October 24, 2012. The presentation discusses effective strategies for increasing student participation in study abroad programs, including exploring factors that influence student participation and how support from faculty can help eliminate barriers. It also addresses implications such as the need to rethink marketing strategies, spend resources wisely, and improve relationships between study abroad offices and academic departments.
This document provides a lesson plan prepared by Berhanu Tadesse for a business course at Entoto Polytechnic College in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The lesson plan covers topics like business development, feasibility, marketing, e-commerce, and ethics over several class periods. It includes course objectives, content outlines, assessment guidelines, teaching materials, and case studies. The plan aims to help students understand business concepts and prepare them for future work in business management.
Annie Smith has over 15 years of experience in administration, coordination, teaching, and customer service. She is currently seeking new opportunities to utilize her skills in organization, communication, training, and process improvement. Her background includes roles in client services coordination, administrative assistance, sales, and education.
Fuzlin Cassiem has over 10 years of experience in sales and customer service roles. She is currently employed as an Internal Sales Rep, Admin, and External Sales Rep at Educat Publishers. Some of her key strengths include being sociable, innovative, enjoying challenges, and having strong attention to detail. She is looking for new opportunities to contribute positively to an organization and continue her professional growth.
Beatriz Martinez has over 5 years of experience in administration and customer service roles. She is bilingual in English and Spanish with strong organizational, communication, and interpersonal skills. Her most recent roles include Family & Community Outreach Manager at Intrepid College Prep, where she supported school operations and recruited and managed relationships with families. Prior to that, she was an Intake Coordinator and provided scheduling and coordination for medical referrals. She is looking for a new opportunity and is open to discuss compensation.
Carmen Bowles is a Director of Education with over 25 years of experience in cosmetology, education, and leadership. She has held roles as a hairstylist, salon owner, educator, and substitute teacher. Currently she is a Director of Education for Greenville County Schools, where she cultivates relationships and creates high-quality educational standards.
Denise Haynes is seeking a new job that offers better pay and stability as the sole provider for her two children. She has over 30 years of experience in various administrative roles. Her most recent role is as an Administrative Assistant at Eastern Florida State College, where she has worked for over 5 years. She is proficient in Microsoft Office, record keeping, scheduling, and providing excellent customer service.
The document provides guidance on setting up a pediatric dentistry clinic, including factors to consider such as location, facility design, and marketing strategies. It recommends that the waiting room be large and provide entertainment for children, such as a play area, fish tank, or toys. It also stresses the importance of a calm, soothing environment to reduce patients' anxiety through features like soundproofing, comfortable seating, and pleasant decor. The receptionist should monitor the waiting room to keep it tidy and stocked with new magazines.
Similar to Strategies and Methods for Extension (20)
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
2. Strategy is a method or
plan chosen to bring about a
desired future such as
achievement of a goal or one
or more goals or solution to a
problem under conditions of
uncertainty .
3. Method is a particular
form of procedure for
accomplishing or
approaching something
especially a systematic or
established one.
4. Extension teaching methods may be
defined as:
TEACHING the process of
transmitting ideas, information,
technologies from one person to
another with the intent of
enhancing/modifying the learner’s
knowledge, attitudes and/or skills.
5. DEVICES is a “little method”. It is
used to create situations in which
new information can pass freely
between the extension worker
and the rural communities. It is
any means, usually concrete,
used to make the instruction
better, meaningful and more
interesting.
6. • the TOOLS & TECHNIQUES used to
create situations in which
communication can take place
between the rural people and the
extension workers. This is the art or
skill of performance. The EW’s
teaching technique spells the success
or failure of the methods employed.
- use of action or gestures
-changing facial expressions to depict
different moods
-varying voice pitch, tempo and timbre
7. METHODS refers to the
systematic procedure employed
by EW in getting the vital
information across the client-
learners.
drawing their attention towards
them,
arousing their interest and
helping them to have a
successful experience of the
new practice
8. Factors to Consider In the Choice
of Teaching Methods To Use
1. Human Factors
a. Extension Worker
As a Teacher – must be
credible, that is acceptable
and believable to the clientele-groups.
*Speaking and writing are the so-called
encoding skills that the EW must
develop.
*Listening and reading are decoding
skills
9. b. The Client-learners - are considered the center of
the educative process. Ex. Farmers, homemakers, out-of-
school youth and the entrepreneurs. An EW should therefore
have background information about his clientele. To start
with, he must have answers to basic questions like “who are
my clientele-learners?” “What are their needs, problems and
interest?” “What are the available resources?” “What is the
attitude of the learners toward the subject matter, the
extension worker or even to themselves as learners?”
Thursday, July 06, 2017
10.
11. 2. The Objectives - are
statements of what the clientele
will be able to do after the learning
activity. These should be carefully
and cooperatively decided by the
extension worker and his clientele
to ensure that the learnings will be
better appreciated and applied or
adopted.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
12. 3. Subject Matter – is what the
extension worker will be presenting
and discussing. Subject areas may
focus on a subject relating to
livestock, crop production, crop
protection, fertilizer computation,
bookkeeping .
Thursday, July 06, 2017
13. 4. Available Materials and
Facilities – Teaching will not
be a problem if there are
available materials, equipment
or even facilities needed to
make the teaching more
meaningful and lasting.
5. Time Consideration – one who
is given more time to discuss a
subject matter or even prepare
the needed materials will have
more options than one whose
time is limited.Thursday, July 06, 2017
14. 6. Available Budget Support – How much
funds does the extension agency have for its
field operation? Does it have provisions for
travel of extension workers or for the purchase
of supplies, materials and even equipment
needed in extension teaching?
Thursday, July 06, 2017
16. Classification based on Outreach
Extension methods may be classified in
three groups on the basis of the
number of people they are designed to
reach:
these are:
• Individual method
• Group methods and
• Mass Method
17. INDIVIDUAL METHODS
Individual methods include :
farm and home visits
office calls
telephone calls, text messaging
personal letters/correspondence
informal contacts
result demonstrations
18. Farm and Home Visits
-They provide a means of:
personal
communication
discuss matters of
common interest in
privacy
-Avenue for addressing
problems of the
marginalized in society
19. Purposes of Farm and Home Visits
For the Agent to acquaint with the farm
family
•To answer specific requests for
help
•To gain first hand knowledge of
problems faced by the farmer or
villager
•To provide technical assistance
and explain/follow up and observe
the results of recommended
practices
•To establish rapport with the
clientele and his family
•To identify potential leaders
20. Characteristics of Farm and
Home Visits
The extension worker is the one that
goes to the home or farm of the
clientele
The face to face contact between the
extension worker and the clientele gives
the former the opportunity to know the
latter and/or get first hand information
about the condition of his
crops/livestock project.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
21. Pointers to Remember
Determine the place and time of visit.
Decide on the purpose of visit.
Introduce yourself to the farmer/housewife.
Observe courtesy all throughout the visit.
Be a good listener.
Avoid engaging in trivial discussions outside of your
main purpose of visit.
Conclude the visit.
Record the important details taken up/observed
during the visit.
Follow-up the visit.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
22. Strong Points
The extension worker gets to interact
with the clientele and his family with
the least distractions common to
group methods.
The interpersonal contact or personal
touch involved during the visit may
facilitate the extension worker’s desire
to establish rapport with the clientele
and his family.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
23. Weak points
Expensive on the part of the extension
workers especially if they have no
provisions for travelling expenses.
Limited reach as the extension worker may
only be visiting one or two farmers/farm in
a day.
Some farms may be too far or not accessible
to commonly available means of
transportation, hence, tiresome on the part
of EW.Thursday, July 06, 2017
24. Office Calls
This is the reverse of the farm and
home visit as the clientele is the one
who goes to the extension office to
seek for technical assistance or
information from the extension
worker.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
25. Office calls are made by the farmer
for the purpose of:
satisfying a felt need
expression of interest by the farmer
providing the extension worker with
knowledge of the needs of the farming
community
Seeking referral from the extension
office.
26. Characteristics of the
Office Call
The number of farmer/clientele-office
callers can be taken as indication of
the trust and confidence accorded to
the extension office/workers.
The clientele is the one that pays a
visit to the extension office/worker in
his office.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
27. Pointers to Remember
The extension office must be strategically located
so that the clientele can easily see and go there.
There must be adequate space and chains to
comfortably accommodate office callers.
The office should be cozy, attractive and properly
ventilated and illuminated. Informative materials
must be available either for a minimal fee or for
free to interested office caller.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
28. Be courteous.
Have a log book indicating the date,
name,
address, contact number and purpose
of the office call.
Follow-up the office caller by paying a
home visit or through a business
letter.
29. STRONG POINTS
Not expensive on the part of the extension
worker
Provides clientele with the opportunity to get to
know the services offered by the extension office.
Record of office callers can be used as basis for
the extent of extension service provided/
evaluation purposes.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
30. WEAK POINTS
Some extension offices are based in the
town, hence is expensive on the part of
the office callers.
Most farmers do not take advantage of
the services of the extension office
hence may not feel the need to go to
the extension office.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
31. Telephone/Cellphone Call/
Text Messaging
This method is the reverse of
both farm/home visit and office
call as it lacks the personal or
face-to-face contact between the
extension worker and the clientele. An
intermediary device called telephone or
cellphone are used to transmit/
disseminate information.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
32. POINTERS TO REMEMBER
Be courteous and tactful when receiving/
answering cellphone calls.
Record and follow-up telephone/
cellphone calls.
Keep a directory of important
people/offices/clienteles accessible for
easy and ready reference.
If you need to send text messages, be
sure it is understandable.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
33. STRONG POINTS
Useful in soliciting and giving specific information
Provides means for follow-up and
evaluation of the effectiveness of other
methods.
Not time consuming on the part of
both the EW and clientele.
Show interests of both the caller and the
EW to the extension program
Useful for contacting regional or national
office quickly
Thursday, July 06, 2017
34. One of the tastest methods of disseminating
information/technology
As the number of phones in the country
is increasing their value as an
extension method will become
greater.
WEAK POINTS
Limited application as not all areas
have telephone lines/cellular sites
Information shared is limited
Expensive for it requires telephone/cell
phones
Thursday, July 06, 2017
35. Lacks face-to-face contacts
An EW does not have the
ocular view of the current
problem of the clientele
Sometimes misunderstanding
occurs
Sometimes access or signal is
not available
Thursday, July 06, 2017
36. LETTERS
An extension letter can also make use of business
letter in transmitting important information. Simply
defined, a business letter is a written message used to
transact official business.
PURPOSES OF WRITING A BUSINESS
LETTER
To transmit information in written form which
could be used as a ready reference in the future.
To elicit action from the interested receiver.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
37. CHARACTERISTICS OF A WELL
WRITTEN BUSINESS LETTER
Accurate
Clear
Concise
Neat
Promptly written
Attractive
38. STRONG POINTS
May be used to convey message in written form when
personal communication is not feasible
Can be used as future reference when filed/kept
properly.
WEAK POINTS
May not be used to transmit messages to all
clienteles as some may not know how to read.
Not practical in areas where there is no efficient
mail.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
39. Result
demonstration
Result demonstration is a
method of teaching designed to
show, by example the practical
application of an established
fact or group of facts.
‘The result demonstration”- “Is
one which shows after a period
of time what happened after a
practice is adopted.
40. Purposes Of Result Demonstration
Furnishes local proof of the
desirability of adopting a
recommended practice
Is an efficient method for
introducing a new subject
Appeals to the eye and reaches the
“show me” individual
41. Purposes Of Result Demonstration cont.
Provides a good
source of
information for
meetings, news
items, pictures,
radio talks.
Furnishes cost
data and other
basic information
42. A high percentage of
people will
understand
Aids in developing
local leadership
Establishes
confidence in the
extension worker
and the rural people
43. Weak Points of Results Demonstration
Result demonstration requires a large
amount of extension workers time
The cost is high per practice changed
Good demonstrations are hard to find
Few people see the demonstration at a not-
convincing stage
The teaching value is frequently destroyed
by unfavorable weather.
Sometimes, getting willing and cooperative
farmer as cooperator is difficult.
44. Group Teaching Methods
Group methods take
into account:
• the inclination of
the individual to
respond to;
• pressures and
•opinions of
groups
45. Group Teaching Methods
general meetings,
group discussion,
exhibits,
tours and field trips,
Method Demonstration
extension schools and
farmer training centre.
lecture
46. LECTURE
It is a prepared oral presentation
on a given subject by a trainor or
a resource person while the
audience is usually passive, i.e.
simply taking notes or just
listening. It is a means of sharing
information the learners need to
know.Thursday, July 06, 2017
47. Purposes of a Lecture
To inform the participants about a
specified subject-matter.
To introduce a subject indicating its
importance, and an overview of the scope
To explain the application of rules,
principles or concepts; and
To review, clarify, emphasize or summarize
a given topic or subject matter
Thursday, July 06, 2017
48. Characteristics of Lecture
Coverage and pacing of presentation
can be pre determined
Lectures can readily be repeated,
especially when hand outs and visual
aids have already been prepared
Usually, one-way communication
with most if not all the talking done
by the lecturer.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
49. Pointers to Remember
Know your audience
Know how much speaking time you will have
Determine the objective of lecture
Determine what audio visual aids you need
to support your lecture
A good lecture must have three parts: an
introduction, the body of the lecture and the
summary.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
50. Strong Points
When properly planned and skillfully delivered,
lecture can present more material in a given time
than any other method
A skillful lecturer can modify the material, in terms of
sequence, vocabulary to suit the needs of the
intended audience
The lecture can be combined easily and effectively
with any other method of instruction.
It can be used whether in-door or out-door provided
the needed audio-visual equipments are available
Thursday, July 06, 2017
51. Weak Points
Most lectures do not permit exchange of
ideas between the trainor and the audience
Lecture cannot be used if one wishes to
teach skills
Sometimes difficult to hold the interest of
the audience
Audience is usually passive.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
52. General Meetings
Meeting is a gathering of the
officers and members of an
organized group, or a group of
intended clientele with the
extension worker for a definite
purpose.
53. General meetings
General meetings include all kinds of meetings held by
the extension worker except demonstration meetings.
During the meeting, provision should be made for use of
models,
charts,
specimens,
pictures etc to illustrate
points.
Towards the end of the meeting allowance should be
made for questions and answers which would help clarify
specific ideas
54. Purposes of Meeting
Plan the activities to be undertaken by the
organization/clientele group
Monitor the implementation of the
organization’s plans and programs
Assess and/or evaluate the organization’s
activity/ies.
Resolve conflicts/problems encountered by
the organization
Thursday, July 06, 2017
55. Characteristics of Meeting:
A good meeting must have the
following parts:
- call the meeting to order
- reading of the minutes of the
previous meeting
- presentation of the agenda of the
meeting
- adjournment
56. Pointers to Remember:
agree on the purpose of the meeting and to
draw up tentative program;
decide on and secure speakers and
advertise the meeting;
agree on the place and time and attendees
of the meeting;
Prepare the materials needed for the
meeting
select the chairman and advertise the
meeting.
Start and adjourn the meeting on time
Record the minutes of the meeting.
57. Strong Points
Officers and members of the organization
get to discuss projects, activities, problems
of the organization together with the
extension worker.
The meeting also provides the attendees
with opportunity to interact with one
another.
WEAK POINTS
Some people have the habit of coming late
thereby delaying the start of the meeting.
Finding a common schedule for the meeting
is sometimes difficultThursday, July 06, 2017
58. Group Discussion
is the process by
which two or more
persons pool their
knowledge and
feelings through
mutual agreement
clarify the issues
under consideration.
59. Purposes of Group Discussion
Encourage the participants to become more aware of
and help in the solution of their community problems
To learn about topics of mutual concern to the group
and decide on a plan of action agreeable to the group.
CHARACTERISTICS:
It is a purposeful conversation that is usually routed
through a leader.
Suitable to small groups to ensure active participation
of everyone.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
60. Pointers to Remember
Determine the group size. The optimal size
group is seven. If larger than 7, quiet people
speak less and less often and discussion begins
to be dominated by a few people.
Define the purpose/topic of the discussion
Identify a group leader and rapporteur
Get the discussion started and see to it that
discussion does not get off-hand.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
61. STRONG POINTS
Permits full participation,
establishes consensus democratically
and pools the abilities, knowledge
and experience of all to reach a
common goal.
WEAK POINTS
It is time consuming,
A bossy leader or a few members
dominate the whole discussion.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
62. FARMER FIELD SCHOOL
It is a season -long event conducted in the field
wherein the farmers are encouraged to explore
and discover for themselves new
technologies/options in a systematic manner and
to make decisions based on their own learnings.
This was first introduced in Indonesia as a way of
training the farmers in Integrated Pest
Management (IPM).
PURPOSES:
-enhances the farmer’s problem solving and
decision –making skills
Thursday, July 06, 2017
63. - familiarize farmers with the ecological processes
utilized in crop cultivation.
CHARACTERISTICS
FFS affords the farmers to learn best through hands-
on experience
All the sessions take the abilities, knowledge and
experience of the participants as starting point and the
FFS activities are designed to deepen them
Farmers work in small groups of optimally 5 people to
encourage more active participation thus ensure better
learning process.
Activities follow developmental stages of the crop and
their related management practices.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
64. STRONG POINTS
-when properly planned and executed, FFS can be an
effective means of developing the analytical skills of the
participants.
-knowledge obtained by the farmers through their own
efforts is more easily internalized and put into practice.
WEAK POINTS
-needs a lot of groundwork to ensure success
- in areas where FFS a complete novelty, a lot of
convincing is necessary to get started with this activity.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
65. Tour and Field Trips/Lakbay-Aral
Tours and field trips are methods of extension
teaching which appeal to man’s desire to “go
places and see things”.
A tour can be made to a research station,
demonstration farms and similar places of
educational interest.
66. Purposes of Field Trips
To provide first-hand observation of operations
processes or practices that cannot be readily available
in the classrooms or laboratory;
To provide opportunity to the learners to relate
theory to actual practices in the field.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
67. Characteristics
Field trip is considered a mobile class and
observational way of learning.
It is exciting, relating and appeals to the
learner’s desire for adventure
It shows people some recommended
practices in operations in some farms,
homes, or in some organization.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
68. Pointers to Remember
An effective field trip must be well-planned. The ff.
should be considered:
a. What are the purposes of a trip?
b.Who will be the participants and representatives of the
organizations to be visited?
c. Where will be the destination or places to be included in
the itinerary and how will the group get there?
d.Will the trip provide the desired observation and
experience?
e. Are there safety or health hazards involved?
f. When is the best time to hold the field trip?
Thursday, July 06, 2017
69.
70. Weak Points
Field trip may not be applicable to all
subjects
It requires a lot of preparation and
coordination with people responsible in
projects to be visited.
It is expensive and time consuming
Long distance trip may be too tiresome
especially to older participants.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
72. Purposes of Method
Demonstration
•It teaches how to do certain work and help the
farmers gain skill in doing things in a correct way.
•Promotes confidence among the audience that
they can do or perform the procedure.
•To save time.
To complement other instructional strategies
•It is always interesting to the farmers and
especially when the demonstration is concluded by
the extension worker,
•it increases their respect for the worker.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
73. Characteristics of Method
Demonstration
All equipments, tools and materials needed are
prepared in advance
Rehearsal is a must to ensure each step is performed
correctly
The demonstration is broken into small, manageable
steps that the audience can follow
As the demonstration proceeds, the extension worker
explains the steps that are performed/done.
An information sheet or illustration to assist the
audience may be provided.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
74. Questions are interspersed during the
demonstration this ensures that all
steps are understood.
It is necessary for the audience to
gather around the demonstration
stage.
All necessary safety precautions
throughout the demonstrations
period should be observed.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
75. Pointers to Remember
Before the demonstration, it is important to put the
audience at ease and get their complete attention.
A good method demonstration should have 4 parts:
- introduction, demonstration proper, Q & A and
summary.
Should perform skills step-by-step at a normal pace.
One or two clienteles from the audience may be asked
to perform the skill demonstrated
In the Q & A, the audience may be encouraged to
clarify vague portions of the demonstration proper.
Should make a summary of the key points.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
76. Strong Points
The audience’s attention is easily
captured by the skilful demonstration
done by the EW.
Enhances application of learned
principles
The pace of demonstration is flexible.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
77. Weak Points
1. It is frequently difficult to ensure that all
members of the group can see clearly
2. With certain demonstrations considerable
equipment must be transported to the
meeting places
3. It is expensive and not much useful for
large group.
78. Seminar
It is a meeting whereby a group of advanced students
studying under a professor with each doing original
research and all exchanging results through reports
and discussions. (Webster, 1976)
PURPOSES OF SEMINAR
Provide opportunities to exchange ideas and
experiences relating to the topic of the seminar
Stimulate participants’ interest on the subject and
broaden their outlook as they learn from each other’s
experiences.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
79. The seminar includes the ff.
components:
1. Developing skills and
knowledge through direct
exchange of views
2.Knowing the participants
3. Knowing the facts
4.Evaluating the facts
5.Preparing he physical details
6.Minimizing the duplication of
activities
1. Avoiding the wrong step
Thursday, July 06, 2017
80. STRONG POINTS
Development of skills and knowledge of the
speaker and the participants through
exchange of ideas/views on the subject
tackled.
WEAK POINTS
Participants may be reluctant to get
involved in the discussion even when given a
chance as the presence of an expert may
inhibit them.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
81. Conference
It is a meeting of
individuals, preferably a
small number usually in
a round table situation,
who meet for a specific
purpose. The key word
is “purpose”. A
conference can also be
defined as a discussion
wherein participants
exchange views.
82.
83. ROLE PLAYING
It is a method of adopting roles from real life other
than those being played by the person concerned and
understanding the dynamics of those roles. “role
fitting and role-taking” are other terms used to
describe the process . (UNITAR, 1970)
TYPES OF ROLE PLAYING
1. Structured Role Playing – the most commonly used
form in organization training .
Single role play – consists of two or three people playing
out roles in front of a group.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
84. Multiple Role Play – all participants are players. It is
used when the EW desires to give the entire group a
chance to practice dealing with a problem related to the
training objective.
Role Rotation – consists of having one person play a
role usually that of an individual who has a problem or
is creating a problem and having several class members
attempt to use their skills to handle the situation.
Spontaneous Role Playing – requires the trainor
elicits some problems from the group and then direct
an enactment of the problems.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
85. STRONG POINTS
Develop skills in sensitivity to the feeling of others, for
intensive training, and for use with the small groups.
WEAK POINTS
In a single role play, if the group is big, the role playing
behavior can’t be achieved effectively.
In case of multiple role playing, if each group is very
much heterogenous, the decision making may affect the
role playing.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
94. Print Media
These are used to disseminate technologies and
valuable informations to intended clienteles.
Brochures
Leaflets
Information bulletins
Newspapers
Circular
Wall newspapers
Comics
Thursday, July 06, 2017
95. To avoid confusion, the different publications can be
described as follows:
1. Primer – pamphlet of more than 4 pages containing
essential information on a technology package.
2. Leaflet – a single-sheet printed material containing
brief information on a specific information that is
not necessarily a step-by-step procedural instruction
to follow. It may bear on both sides and maybe
folded
3. Brochure – thin, unbound book containing a
specific topic; more detailed than a leaflet
Thursday, July 06, 2017
96. 1. Booklet – consists of up to 20 pages
joined at the spine, longer than a brochure
5. Hand out – supplement to lectures,
contains some topics/important
information discussed in a lecture
6. Newsletter – a regularly issued
publication, keeps people abreast to what
is happening in their field of interest.
7. Factsheet – contains useful
information/instructions about a specific
subject matter, one page, continuous
publication.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
97. 8. Photonovel – generic for printed material in
comics format; included illustration or text; a subtle
way of putting a message wherein a developmental
message is incorporated in the story.
9. Newspaper – provides a valuable channel for
transmission of educational information where they
exist and where rural people receive and read them.
10. Wall Newspaper – it is similar in size and
appearance to posters. It attempts to communicate
more than one idea and has more illustrations. It is
posted at busy and strategically located bulletin
boards or walls or reading centers, schools or
barangay halls.
98. 10. Flyer – is a single sheet printed material
summarizing information on technology
package or component technology. It bears
illustration and brief text, preferably in the
audience’s dialect.
11. Poster – a single sheet visuals containing
photographs and captions to highlight a
recommendation or promote awareness. It is
intended to attract initial attention or
provide constant reminder about a
recommendation.
12. Bulletin – a semi-technical publication on a
package of technology intended for extension
workers.
99. STRONG POINTS
People have confidence in the information in printed
form
Comes in attractive and handy formats
Used to supplement other teaching methods
WEAK POINTS
-people with limited education may not fully appreciate
the printed information for obvious reason
-Revisions have to be made from time to time to update
the info
-info prepared for general distribution may not fit local
conditions
Impersonal as the source of info is detached from the
reader.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
100. Broadcast media
Two broadcast media, the radio and television are
included in this section.
Radio is a presentation medium which basically
makes use of the audio mode in disseminating
information simultaneously to thousands or million of
potential receivers.
Television adds another dimension to the capability
of radio, i.e. one does not only hear but can also see
the event, object of the person disseminating the
information.
Thursday, July 06, 2017
101. 1. Radio programs are especially
fitted to handle emergency
information
2. Reach people who cannot read
3. Reach people who cannot attend
extension meetings
4. Build interest in other extension
activities.
Purposes of Radio and
Television
102. 1. Broadcasting facilities are not everywhere available
2. Active involvement of the audience in the teaching process
is impossible
3. Frequently extension programs are given poor time for farm
listeners
4. Direct and immediate feedback from the audience to the
teacher is not possible
5. Frequently extension programs loose out in competition
with entertainment
6. Specific local needs cannot be given adequate attention and
there is often cultural gap (e.g. language, dialect) between
the speaker and the audience.
Limitations
103. Exhibits
Exhibits are systematic
displays of specimens,
models,
charts,
posters, etc.
Their main purpose is to develop the interest of those who
see them,
influence their attitude and show how a certain process is
done
increase their knowledge and promote an innovation
Encourage their participation
104. The principles of good design
Off-center balance for dynamic effects
Rhythm repeats a basic shape
Emphasis through enlargement of one
object or dramatic repetition of one small
object
Progression and sequence through careful
choice of color and proportioned shapes
and sizes.
105.
106. Emerging Technologies in Information Dissemination
Multimedia Technologies
Mobile telephoning
Technology
Participatory extension video
documentaries
Internet
Thursday, April 4, 2014
107. “ A lot of little people in
a lot of little places will
do a lot of little things
that will transform the
world”
An African Proverb
108. Learning without thinking is labor
lost; thinking without learning is
dangerous.
-Chinese proverb
Thursday, July 06, 2017