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Stormwater Cost-Effectiveness
& The James
Adrienne Kotula
June 4, 2014
Protecting America’s Founding River
Five Core Programs:
• James RIVERKEEPER®
• Education
• Outreach
• Watershed Restoration
• River Advocacy
Initial Estimates
Source: Virginia Senate Finance Committee, November 18, 2011
Cost-Effectiveness Study
• In-depth investigation of costs
• Review all urban practices
• Costs & Pollutant Removal
• Case Study in City of Richmond
Methodology
• 33 Chesapeake Bay Program Approved & Unapproved Practices
• Review Pollution Removal Efficiencies
• Approved by Chesapeake Bay Program
• If unapproved, relied on current research
• Considered 20-Year Life Cycle Costs including:
• Design & Construction
• Land Values & Financing
• Operations & Maintenance
Most Cost-Effective Practices: Nitrogen
• Pet waste programs: $ 1.36/lb
• IDDE /sewer repair: $ 8.73/lb
• IDDE /cross connections: $ 13.51/lb
• Forest buffers: $100.31/lb
• Urban stream restoration: $226.67/lb
Most Cost-Effective Practices: Phosphorus
• Pet waste programs: $10.43 /lb
• IDDE /sewer repair: $34.94 /lb
• IDDE/cross connections: $54.05 /lb
• Urban stream restoration: $666.69/lb
• Forest buffers: $1,230.76/lb
Most Cost-Effective Practices:
Total Suspended Solids
• Urban stream restoration: $0.83/lb
• IDDE /sewer repair: $0.87/lb
• Urban growth reduction: $2.64/lb
• Retrofit of existing dry pond (conversion to wet
pond or wetland): $3.89/lb
• Vegetated open channels
(A/B soils, no underdrain): $4.50/lb
Case Study
• City of Richmond
• Stormwater Permit Reductions Used
• Local Data Used:
– GIS layers to determine BMP feasibility
– Local BMP Constraints
– Input locally derived costs, where available
Case Study
Three Scenarios Developed:
1. Old CBP Approved Practices, Limited Constraints
2. New CBP Approved Practices, City Constraints
Used
3. All Practices, City Constraints Used
Key Findings
*Scenario 2 does not meet pollution reduction targets
$305
$89
$68 $62
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
$350
Initial Estimates Scenario 1 Scenario 2* Scenario 3
City of Richmond Stormwater Pollution Reduction
Costs through 2025 (in millions)
Key Findings
• Continued Research on Practices is Vital:
– New Urban Nutrient Management Standard
Approved
– New Stream Restoration Standard Recommended
– Currently Being Reviewed:
• Enhanced Erosion & Sediment Control
• Shoreline Erosion
• Illicit Discharge Detection & Elimination
Key Findings
• Additional BMP Benefits should be quantified
– Public Health/ Safety
– Public Education
– Recreation
– Neighborhood Beautification
– Urban Heat Island
– Carbon Footprint
– Wildlife Habitat
– Stream Habitat
– Flood Control
Future Considerations
• Local Practice Inventories Needed
• Sustainable Funding Sources
• Capital Improvement Planning
• Private Property Incentives
Adrienne Kotula
akotula@jrava.org
(804) 788-8811 x206
Questions?

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Stormwater cost effectiveness 140604

  • 1. Stormwater Cost-Effectiveness & The James Adrienne Kotula June 4, 2014
  • 2. Protecting America’s Founding River Five Core Programs: • James RIVERKEEPER® • Education • Outreach • Watershed Restoration • River Advocacy
  • 3. Initial Estimates Source: Virginia Senate Finance Committee, November 18, 2011
  • 4. Cost-Effectiveness Study • In-depth investigation of costs • Review all urban practices • Costs & Pollutant Removal • Case Study in City of Richmond
  • 5. Methodology • 33 Chesapeake Bay Program Approved & Unapproved Practices • Review Pollution Removal Efficiencies • Approved by Chesapeake Bay Program • If unapproved, relied on current research • Considered 20-Year Life Cycle Costs including: • Design & Construction • Land Values & Financing • Operations & Maintenance
  • 6. Most Cost-Effective Practices: Nitrogen • Pet waste programs: $ 1.36/lb • IDDE /sewer repair: $ 8.73/lb • IDDE /cross connections: $ 13.51/lb • Forest buffers: $100.31/lb • Urban stream restoration: $226.67/lb
  • 7. Most Cost-Effective Practices: Phosphorus • Pet waste programs: $10.43 /lb • IDDE /sewer repair: $34.94 /lb • IDDE/cross connections: $54.05 /lb • Urban stream restoration: $666.69/lb • Forest buffers: $1,230.76/lb
  • 8. Most Cost-Effective Practices: Total Suspended Solids • Urban stream restoration: $0.83/lb • IDDE /sewer repair: $0.87/lb • Urban growth reduction: $2.64/lb • Retrofit of existing dry pond (conversion to wet pond or wetland): $3.89/lb • Vegetated open channels (A/B soils, no underdrain): $4.50/lb
  • 9. Case Study • City of Richmond • Stormwater Permit Reductions Used • Local Data Used: – GIS layers to determine BMP feasibility – Local BMP Constraints – Input locally derived costs, where available
  • 10. Case Study Three Scenarios Developed: 1. Old CBP Approved Practices, Limited Constraints 2. New CBP Approved Practices, City Constraints Used 3. All Practices, City Constraints Used
  • 11. Key Findings *Scenario 2 does not meet pollution reduction targets $305 $89 $68 $62 $0 $50 $100 $150 $200 $250 $300 $350 Initial Estimates Scenario 1 Scenario 2* Scenario 3 City of Richmond Stormwater Pollution Reduction Costs through 2025 (in millions)
  • 12. Key Findings • Continued Research on Practices is Vital: – New Urban Nutrient Management Standard Approved – New Stream Restoration Standard Recommended – Currently Being Reviewed: • Enhanced Erosion & Sediment Control • Shoreline Erosion • Illicit Discharge Detection & Elimination
  • 13. Key Findings • Additional BMP Benefits should be quantified – Public Health/ Safety – Public Education – Recreation – Neighborhood Beautification – Urban Heat Island – Carbon Footprint – Wildlife Habitat – Stream Habitat – Flood Control
  • 14. Future Considerations • Local Practice Inventories Needed • Sustainable Funding Sources • Capital Improvement Planning • Private Property Incentives