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![LEED 2012?
• WEp1 – Landscape Water Use Reduction
• WEp2 – Minimum Fixture and Fitting
Water Use Reduction
• WEp3 – Appliance and Process Water
Use Reduction [PC18]
• WEc1 – Additional Landscape Water Use
Reduction](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xjdaqysvqkekienaodwc-signature-d57e3e49a0b46af049cc5c7eb264a1ef2f3e8cf8cde3d6d6f6f585b473fdcbd8-poli-141114153642-conversion-gate02/75/Taking-Water-Efficiency-to-the-Limit-26-2048.jpg)
![LEED 2012?
• WEc2 – Additional Fixture and Fitting
Water Use Reduction
• WEc3 – Sustainable Wastewater Systems
[PC10]
• WEc4 – Cooling Tower Makeup Water
[PC17]
• WEc5 – Additional Appliance and Process
Water Reduction](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/xjdaqysvqkekienaodwc-signature-d57e3e49a0b46af049cc5c7eb264a1ef2f3e8cf8cde3d6d6f6f585b473fdcbd8-poli-141114153642-conversion-gate02/75/Taking-Water-Efficiency-to-the-Limit-27-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byScott Bowman
Taking Water Efficiency to the Limit
The document discusses the importance of water efficiency and rainwater capture systems, highlighting the increasing consumption of potable water and its environmental impacts. It outlines changes in LEED guidelines, emphasizing the challenges and requirements for achieving water efficiency credits in building design. A case study of the Wellmark BCBS project illustrates successful implementation of these systems, showcasing significant water savings and reductions in wastewater discharge.
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Taking Water Efficiency to the Limit
- 1. USGBC Illinois Chapter November1, 2011 Taking Water Efficiency to the Limit Presented by: Scott Bowman, P.E., LEED AP BD+C Rob Young. P.E. Slow the Flow
- 2. Learning Objectives1 • Feasibilityfactors of a rainwater capture system • Evaluate LEED guidelines • Comprehend system design through implementation • Weigh pros and cons of rainwater capture
- 3. What’s the bigdeal?
- 4. What’s the bigdeal? • We turn on the tap and get water!
- 5. What’s the bigdeal? • But it takes1
- 6. Why should wecare? • Water is a undervalued resource, at least in the Midwest • Potable water use is increasing at 2x the rate of world population growth • 100 years ago, we used 10 gallons of water a day1today we use 100! • Americans spend $523 on water per year, and $707 on soda!
- 7. Why should wecare? • Save some money • Reduce pollution • Reduce reliance on aging infrastructure • Conserve energy
- 8. Why do wecare? • Freshwater supply in world
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- 13. Why do wecare? • Energy is used to deliver water – Pump from source – Treat to potable standards – Distribute to use – Desalination – Waste water treatment
- 14. Why do wecare? • Water is linked directly to energy – Cooling towers of power plants – Direct cooling of power plants – Scrubbing of plant discharge – Oil recovery – Bio>fuel production • 8% of freshwater withdraw around the world is for power plants!
- 15. Why do wecare? • LEED is often invisible • Energy efficiency is tough to visualize • Water use is a common language • Rainwater capture is a tangible benefit1you can see it! • Every project needs a story1
- 16. LEED and WaterEfficiency
- 17. LEED and WaterEfficiency • Some changes in v2009 • Not a major change in the way credits are calculated • New prerequisite • Baseline has been clarified, making credits more difficult to achieve • Values changed, impact similar
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- 20. WEp1 Reduce by20% • First credit of v2.2 is now prerequisite • This savings was so easy, it is now mandatory • Baseline fixtures now defined by table in the standard • Baseline lavatories are clearly now 0.5 gpm (rather than 2.5 gpm) Water Use Reduction
- 21. WEc2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies •Increased to 2 points • Reduce generation of wastewater • Reduce potable water use for sewage conveyance by 50%, or1 • Treat 50% of wastewater on site to tertiary standards • Waterless urinals or composting toilets
- 22. WEc3 30>40% Reduction •Now three levels up to 40%, first step gains 2 points, 4 total possible • Maximize water efficiency in buildings • May be difficult to reach higher levels with only fixture selection • Higher levels will require rainwater capture Water Use Reduction
- 23. IDc1 45% Reduction •Exemplary Performance ID credit • Adds one more point • Requires 45% reduction from baseline • Waterless or ultra low urinals required • Rainwater or Gray Water Water Use Reduction
- 24. Pilot Credits • PC10– Sustainable Wastewater Management – Focus on innovative systems – Recovery and treatment – Reduces Threshold to 25% • PC17 – Cooling Tower Makeup – Modification of EBOM credit – Controlled blowdown and filtration • PC18 – Appliance and Process Water Use Reduction – Modification of LEED for Schools credit – Minimum performance for different equipment
- 25. LEED Healthcare • WEc2– Measurement and Verification • WEc4.2 – Cooling Tower Makeup Water • WEc4.3 – Food Waste Systems • ID credits can be from different product)
- 26. LEED 2012? • WEp1– Landscape Water Use Reduction • WEp2 – Minimum Fixture and Fitting Water Use Reduction • WEp3 – Appliance and Process Water Use Reduction [PC18] • WEc1 – Additional Landscape Water Use Reduction
- 27. LEED 2012? • WEc2– Additional Fixture and Fitting Water Use Reduction • WEc3 – Sustainable Wastewater Systems [PC10] • WEc4 – Cooling Tower Makeup Water [PC17] • WEc5 – Additional Appliance and Process Water Reduction
- 28.
- 29. Water Efficient Design •Thought process for reducing water usage. 1) Baseline (Demographics / Usage) 2) Conserve (Fixture Selection) 3) Generate (Reclaim, store, treat, and distribute Rainwater, Graywater, Condensate, Subsoil Drainage) FTE’s Demographics Usage Fixture Types Human Waste Rainwater Capture Total Water Rainwater Capture
- 30. Water Efficient Design •Usage for a variety of occupants
- 31. Water Efficient Design •Once it has been determined that rainwater capture is necessary: – Refine goals. – Define cistern size. – Iterate with goals to determine proper size and type. – Determine diagrammatical layout, equipment, and treatment. Rainwater Capture Goals > % Cistern Size/Type Pumps / Piping Treatment
- 32. Demographic Affect – Note:based on % female occupancy
- 33. Demographic Affect – Note:based on % female occupancy
- 34. Demographic Affect – Note:based on % female occupancy
- 35. LEED NC v2.2 WEc2Calculation
- 36.
- 37. LEED NC v2.2 WEc2/ WEc3 Calculations Note that this drops to 43.2% under LEED v2009!
- 38. Fixture Selection • Whichfixtures contribute the most? – Based on WEc3 – total water usage – Assumes 50/50 gender distribution Baseline Water Usage Percentage of Total Use Lowest Possible Water Usage Potential for Savings Urinals 1.0 22% 0 21.6% Men's Water Closets 1.6 17% 1.28 3.5% Women's Water Closets 1.6 52% 1.1/1.6 10.8% Lavatories 0.5 6% 0.5 0.0% Sinks 2.5 1% 2.2 0.2% Mop Basins 2.5 1% 2.5 0.0% Total 36.1%
- 39. Fixture Selection • Lavatories:0.5 gpm base, 15 second use – Sensor faucets save additional 20% (12 second use rather than 15 second) • Sinks: 2.5 gpm base – Standard 2.2 gpm faucets save 12%. • Showers: 2.5 gpm base – Many options available. Beware of performance!
- 40. Fixture Selection • Urinals– 1.0 gpf base – Waterless Urinals • Save 100% – 1/8 gpf urinals • Save 87.5% • Sensor only – 1/2 gpf urinals • Save 50% • Manual / Sensor
- 41. Fixture Selection • WaterClosets – 1.6 gpf base – Dual Flush • 1.1 / 1.6 gpf • Save 21% • Manual / Sensor – Low Flow • 1.28 gpf • Save 20% • Manual / Sensor • Requires special bowl
- 42. Fixture Selection –Cost • Lavatories, battery operated – 2.0 gpm lavatory • $365 – 0.5 gpm lavatory • $350
- 43. Fixture Selection –Cost • Urinals, battery operated sensors – 1.0 or 0.5 gpf • $460 – 1/8 gpf • $495
- 44. Fixture Selection –Cost • Water Closets, battery operated sensors – Standard Flush – 1.6 gpf • $395 – Dual Flush – 1.6/1.1 gpf • $426 – Low Flow – 1.28 gpf • $400
- 45. Rainwater Capture Design •Rainwater Capture – What’s the big deal?
- 46. Rainwater Capture Design •Cistern sizing – what’s the big deal? – Inputs • Monthly Rainfall – how many events per month? • Other inputs (subsoil, condensate, site, etc) • How much water can be captured? – Roof capture coefficients – Filter efficiencies – Outputs • Daily usage • Overflow
- 47. Rainwater Capture Design •Cistern sizing – what’s the big deal? – Other uses • Irrigation (Landscape Architect) • Stormwater Detention (Civil Engineer) – The mechanical engineer cannot size cisterns for these types of systems. • Conclusion – not just a tank in the ground!
- 48. Rainwater Capture Design •Storage is dynamic
- 49. Rainwater Capture Design MaterialList • Roof Drains • Pre>Filters • Cisterns • Intake Filters • Pumps • Final Filters • Final Treatment • Day Tank • Makeup Water • Level Sensors • Booster Pumps • Meters )following a drop of water
- 50. Rainwater Capture Design Pre>FilterOptions Stark Industries JR Smith / RMS – Vortex Filter
- 51. Rainwater Capture Design •Cisterns – Concrete • Poured • Pre>fabricated
- 52. Rainwater Capture Design •Cisterns – Concrete • Poured • Pre>fabricated – Polyethylene
- 53. Rainwater Capture Design •Cisterns – Concrete • Poured • Pre>fabricated – Polyethylene – Fiberglass
- 54. Rainwater Capture Design •Cisterns – Concrete • Poured • Pre>fabricated – Polyethylene – Fiberglass • Intake Filters
- 55. Rainwater Capture Design InsideBuilding • Pumps • Final Filters • Final Treatment – Ozone – Chlorination – High>efficiency filters – UV
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- 57.
- 58. Rainwater Capture Design Distribution •Day Tank • Makeup Water • Level Sensors • Booster Pumps • Metering
- 59. Rainwater Capture Design Indoorequipment for reclaimed flushing
- 60. Rainwater Capture Design •Hydraulic implications – Adding two sets of pumps • Reclaim Pumps (cisterns treatment day tank) • Booster Pumps (to distribute to flush valves)
- 61. Rainwater Capture Design •Multiple Levels of Metering – Main Meter – Sanitary Add • Flushing Reclaim – Sanitary Deduct • Irrigation Makeup
- 62. Rainwater Capture Design •Other types of water to consider for re>use – Subsoil drainage – Cooling coil condensate – Gray water (possibilities exist for 5>25% savings depending on lavatory and shower selections)
- 63. Rainwater Capture Design •Code implications – Get the code officials involved early – this is new to most of them. • Uniform Plumbing Code – Chapter 16 – No direct connection to any potable water system – Building and equipment room signage – Pipe and equipment labeling – Tank>type water closets
- 64. Rainwater Capture Practice •Keeping the Cisterns Clean – Pre>Filters – Aeration – Chlorination – Natural (Biofilm)
- 65. Rainwater Capture Design •Packaged Systems now Available
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- 67.
- 68. Wellmark BCBS • HOK •RDG Planning & Design • Snyder Associates • KJWW Engineering • The Weitz Company • Baker Group • Baker Electric • The Weidt Group
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- 72. Wellmark BCBS • Officebuilding – 603,980 GSF Office Building • 5 levels above grade – 500 car below grade parking • 2 parking levels below grade • 115,000 GSF roof
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- 74. Wellmark BCBS • Multipurposebuilding – 35,000 GSF fitness center • 2 levels above grade – 5,500 GSF Central plant – 1647 car parking structure • 10 levels above grade, ½ level below
- 75.
- 76. Wellmark BCBS • 48.2kBtu/sf/year – 33.8% better than ASHRAE 90.1 – 2004 (30.8% cost) • LEED NC v2.2 Platinum! – 53 of 69 points • 5.6 acre urban site
- 77. Wellmark BCBS • 2,330full time equivalents – Established for LEED and Design purposes • 70/30 split women to men • Current Water Modeling: – 55.8% reduction in human water flushing – 57.9% reduction in total water use • 8,000 gallons per day required for flushing Note that all values related to this project are for design purposes based on averaged historical data. Actual performance cannot be confirmed until after final construction and commissioning.
- 78. LEED WEc3 Distribution TotalWater Use
- 79.
- 80. Wellmark BCBS • Achieved7 LEED points related to Water – SSc6.1 – 1 point • Stormwater Detention (integrated into system) – WEc1 – 2 points • No water use for irrigation – WEc2 – 1 point • Greater than 50% reduction in wastewater flushing – WEc3 – 2 points • Greater than 30% reduction in water use – IDc1 – 1 point • Exemplary performance, Greater than 40% reduction in water use
- 81. Wellmark BCBS • FixtureSelections: – Sensor lavatories 0.5 gpm – Sensor low flow urinals 0.5 gpf – Sensor dual flush toilets 1.6/1.1 gpf (women) – Sensor toilets 1.6 gpf (men) • All sensors are battery powered
- 82. Wellmark BCBS • Detailedsystem costs Fixture QTY Cost % QTY Cost % Dual Flush water closests 96 $445.00 1.15% 1.6 gpf water closets 49 $425.00 0.56% 145 $425.00 1.67% 0.5 gpf urinals 31 $465.00 0.39% 31 $465.00 0.39% 0.5 gpm lavitories 87 $78.00 0.18% 87 $68.00 0.16% Total Fixture costs 2.29% 2.22% Fixture cost difference 0.08% Wellmark building Baseline building Plumbing fixture comparison from Percent of Plumbing
- 83. Wellmark BCBS • CisternSize: – 112,000 gallon Irrigation/Detention • 52,000 gallons for Detention • 60,000 gallons for Irrigation – 60,000 gallon Flushing • 2 x 3,500 gallon Day Tanks • 130 gpm Flushing Booster Pump • 100 gpm Irrigation Booster Pump
- 84. Wellmark BCBS • Stormwater detention – Irrigation cistern also used for detention – Added complexity to keep 52,000 gallons free for detention
- 85. Wellmark BCBS • WellmarkCisterns
- 86.
- 87. Wellmark BCBS • LessonsLearned – Possibility of combining rainwater detention and reclaimed rainwater storage – Water Purity Standards • Coliform Bacteria – Diarrhea/Dysentery Symptoms • Turbidity Units (NTU) – Higher risk of gastrointestinal diseases – Protects bacteria from UV treatment – Elevations!
- 88. Rainwater Capture Design •Lessons Learned UV Treatment
- 89. Wellmark BCBS • MechanicalSite Work • Piping cost would normally be in site budget Material Labor Total 1.07% 0.25% 1.31% Material Labor Total 0.75% 0.16% 0.91% 2.23%Total cost for site and cistern piping and pre-filters Mechanical Site Work as Percent of Site Underground site piping Vault pre-filters and piping
- 90. Wellmark BCBS • ReclaimedWater System Costs Less than 0.8% Mechanical Budget Material Labor Total Reclaim water pumps 0.14% 0.08% 0.22% Reclaim tank 0.41% 0.07% 0.48% Pressure booster pump 1.33% 0.06% 1.39% Meters/solenoid valves 0.06% 0.02% 0.08% Total 2.17% Irrigation System Costs as Percent of Plumbing Material Labor Total Reclaim water pumps 0.14% 0.08% 0.22% Final filters 0.11% 0.07% 0.18% Ozone generator 0.68% 0.06% 0.74% Reclaim tank 0.41% 0.07% 0.48% Pressure booster pump 0.51% 0.06% 0.57% Meters/solenoid valves 0.09% 0.02% 0.11% Total 2.31% Flushing System Costs as Percent of Plumbing
- 91. Wellmark BCBS • Andthe grand total is1 Less than 0.5% of Total Construction! 1.90% 0.91% Flushing system costs 0.41% Irrigation system costs 0.38% Plumbing fixture premium 0.01% Misc piping/labels/valves 0.19% 3.81% Perecent of Mechanical for Reclaim Water System Total Cistern piping/pre-filter cost Flushing Cistern
- 92.
- 93. Wellmark BCBS • Costof Saving Water
- 94. Wellmark BCBS • Wellmarkwill1 – Save 7,200 gallons of water a day – Will not discharge 1,550,000 gallons of sewage – Save 2,600,000 gallons of water a year • Enough to fill four Olympic sized pools each year
- 95. Wellmark BCBS • Orthinking of a standard water cooler1 • 1435 Water Cooler Bottles a Day • 520,000 Bottles a year!
- 97.
- 98. Credits and Resources •Virginia Rainwater Harvesting Manual – www.cabellbrandcenter.org • Rainwater Management Solutions – www.rainwatermangement.com • JR Smith – www.jrsmith.com • Wade/Hydromax – www.hydromax.com • Stark Environmental – www.starkenvironmental.com