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![Bathing Water Directive
• ’...The purpose of this [the Bathing Water] Directive is to preserve, protect and improve the quality
of the environment and to protect human health ..( article 1, section. 2)’
• ’’…Bathing waters are to be classified as ‘sufficient/good/excellent… if - when subject to short-
term pollution - adequate management measures are being taken, including surveillance, early
warning systems and monitoring, with a view to preventing bathers’ exposure, by means of a
warning or, where necessary, a bathing prohibition (Annex II, sections 2, 3 and 4)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ukseminar-140630084911-phpapp01/85/Bathing-Water-Services-Anders-Chr-Erichsen-DHI-3-320.jpg)
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Bathing Water Services - Anders Chr. Erichsen (DHI)
The document discusses bathing water services, focusing on operational systems and the need for improved management of Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) in light of the EU bathing water directive. It highlights the importance of early warning systems for bathing water quality to protect public health during periods of short-term pollution and extreme rainfall events. The document outlines the benefits of these systems, which enhance public perception and provide critical information to manage expectations for bathing water safety.
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Bathing Water Services - Anders Chr. Erichsen (DHI)
- 1. Bathing Water Services AndersChr. Erichsen Bathing Water Services Operational Systems Details of the approach Benefits of our approach
- 2. Managing expectations for BathingWater Legislative requirements and public perception of bathing waters have changed. The EU Bathing Water directive has placed additional requirements on utilities with respect to CSO discharges. With the existing pipe networks and increasingly frequent intense rainfall events, managing CSO discharge in the bathing water season continues to challenge. #2
- 3. Bathing Water Directive •’...The purpose of this [the Bathing Water] Directive is to preserve, protect and improve the quality of the environment and to protect human health ..( article 1, section. 2)’ • ’’…Bathing waters are to be classified as ‘sufficient/good/excellent… if - when subject to short- term pollution - adequate management measures are being taken, including surveillance, early warning systems and monitoring, with a view to preventing bathers’ exposure, by means of a warning or, where necessary, a bathing prohibition (Annex II, sections 2, 3 and 4)
- 4. The ongoing problem Bournemouth,August 2011
- 5. Short term pollution(< 72 hours) • In the UK most short term pollution originates from direct or indirect (through rivers) outlets from the sewer system or waste water treatment plants in connection with rain. • Problems of diffuse pollution within the catchment are often longer term #5
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- 7. safe bathingwater 24/7 closing only when necessary quick information user-friendly information
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- 11. Early warning systemfor Copenhagen harbour Since year 2002 Copenhagen EPA has used an early warning model for the bathing water quality in Copenhagen harbour …but why did Copenhagen introduce an Early warning system before the new directive was agreed upon? And implemented - 2015? The traditional monitoring is not sufficient – Measurement results are received after the incidence is over – The bathing water maps are based on measurements that are up to one year old Statistically the traditional monitoring is strong but in practice the beach guests have no guarantees regarding Today's water quality Health risk?
- 12. Health demands • Keywords:Secure health • E.coli and enterococci bacteria • Heavy metals • in the water phase • by re-suspension • in the sediment
- 13. Point Sources (Mapping) WWTPs •Two large-scale WWTPs (750.000 and 350.000 PE) Combined sewer overflows (CSO) • Both wastewater and urban run-off (“Stormwater”) Urban run-off • Separate urban run-off (“Stormwater”) River with CSO + urban run-off – Sewer installation Direct industrial discharges to CPH Harbour #13
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- 15. Early warning systemfor Bathing water Quality
- 17. Early warning systemfor bathing water quality Imagen CSIC 2-8 17:20 PrimBac de Roda Ginebra Imagen CSIC 2-8 17:20 Resultado simulación 2-8 18:00 Example from Barcelona
- 18. 10 June, 2014©DHI #18
- 19. Bathing water andthe Public
- 20. ……. And SmartPhones
- 21. Auckland Bathing WaterForecast © DHI
- 22. Auckland Bathing WaterForecast © DHI
- 23. Operational Bathing Water Forecasts Exampleof application © DHI #23
- 24. Extreme Rainfall eventin Copenhagen 14. August
- 25. Use of BathingWater forecast – Triathlon 15. August UTC tid (lokaltid = UTC+2) Start kl. 6
- 26. Health Risk 1.700 ironmen was swimming in sewer water (Politikken, 20. Aug) …… a lot of debate, and people getting sick, … but ……… the Model was spot on In total 778 (59 %) answered the questionnaire send out by the SSI. Out of these 428 (55 %) confirmed symptoms of gastro-enteritis. Ref.: SSI
- 27. Details of theApproach 10 June, 2014© DHI #27
- 28. Basic Requirements • Localhydrodynamic model (3D) of receiving waters • Based on wind, air pressure, air temperature provides current, water levels, water temperature and transport • Sources of pollution • Boundary Model (Water forecast) • Water level, current • Salinity • Temperature • ECO Lab model • Based on salinity, water temperature and solar radiation (and transparency) provides bacteria decay
- 29. System Components &Functions • Meteorological & model boundary data • Wind • Precipitation • Air temperature • Clearness • Humidity • Water level • Water temperature • Salinity • Current? • Bacteria (zero?) • Why? • Drive the Hydrodynamic model providing • Circulation, • Water temperature • Water levels • Salinity
- 30. System Components &Functions • Direct sources of pollution • Rain water run-off • Combined sewer overflows (CSO) • Waste water treatment plants (WWTP) • Daily input • By-pass • Why • Important sources for bacteria pollution (E.coli & Enterococci) • Origin • Measurements from WWTP • Measurements in sewer system • Sewer modelling/estimations from precipitation • Estimations from precipitation (modelled, measured, radar)
- 31. System Components &Functions • Indirect sources of pollution • Rivers & estuaries • Catchment modelling inputs • Direct sources input to indirect input • Why? • Can be equally important • Origin? • Estimations from precipitation (modelled, measured, radar)? • Additional data • Direct sources spilling to indirect sources
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- 39. Internal QA 10 June,2014© DHI #41
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- 44. Benefits of ourApproach 10 June, 2014© DHI #46
- 45. Benefits of ourapproach • Warning system for use internally and externally • Improved public perception of bathing water quality • Provides added value use of existing telemetered systems • Can operate outside of traditional bathing water season for added value • Extensible and customisable in the future #47
- 46. Thank you foryour attention … Anders Chr. Erichsen (aer@dhigroup.com) © DHI #48