In digital Electronics, NAND gate is a logic gate which has the output LOW if all the inputs are HIGH. For
example, if we pass only HIGH inputs to the NAND gate then its output will be LOW, otherwise if one of the
inputs is LOW the output will become HIGH.
In digital Electronics, NAND gate is a logic gate which has the output LOW if all the inputs are HIGH. For
example, if we pass only HIGH inputs to the NAND gate then its output will be LOW, otherwise if one of the
inputs is LOW the output will become HIGH.
Storage pest and its control is a topic from food storage engineering. The presentation gives clear picture about which all insects, pest that can cause damages to the food during storage and its preventive measures. It also has a brief explanation on Fumigations and Seed Coating.
Stored product insect pest:
Primary grain pests attack the whole grain. The eggs are laid inside the grain, before the larvae mature inside the grain and then chew their way out. Some of these pests include the Lesser grain borer, Granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius, the Wheat weevil) and Rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae).
Stored product insect pest Cereal grain products and other foods stored in kitchen cabinets, pantries or other areas in the home may become infested with insects or other organisms.
These food invaders are commonly referred to as "pantry pests."
Nearly all dry, stored human food products as well as dry pet food and birdseed are susceptible.
Pantry pests eat and contaminate the products, rendering them useless for consumption and can leave infested foods to crawl or fly around the house.
When this happens, they become an annoyance for many people.
This presentation reviews a grapevine growth disorder known as delayed spring growth, or restricted growth, and provides tips on how to reduce the occurrence and severity of this problem.
Grapevine micronutrient use & deficiency symptoms in the SJV of CaliforniaMatthew Fidelibus
This presentation provides a brief overview of the most common micronutrient deficiencies observed in vineyards of the San Joaquin Valley of California, and how to remedy them.
Factors that affect fruitfulness and budbreak of cane-pruned vinesMatthew Fidelibus
This presentation will identify factors that affect fruitfulness and bud break of cane-pruned grapevines and how to remedy blind buds, a common problem associated with cane pruning.
This presentation provides a brief overview of world raisin production, including statistics on global production and consumption, identification of major producing and exporting countries, and typical production methods.
This presentation reviews some of the principals of how canopy microenvironment affects bud fruitfulness, and how these concepts can inform canopy management of dry-on-vine (DOV) raisin production on an open-gable trellis.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
2. Two Categories of
Raisins Pests
• Insects that primarily feed on drying raisins
– Includes Driedfruit Beetle and Raisin Moth
• Insects that primarily feed on dried raisins in
storage
– Includes Indianmeal moth and Sawtoothed Grain
Beetle
3. Driedfruit Beetle
• Carpophilus hemipterus L. (Coleoptera:
Nitidulidae). Cosmopolitan sap beetle.
• Larvae feed on ripe and overripe fruit
including grapes, stone fruit, figs, dates,
melons and citrus.
• Adult beetles are attracted to volatiles from
fermenting fruit, including bunch rot of grapes
• Fruit must have >30% moisture; living yeast
4. Adults are dark brown, about
3 mm long, and oval shaped.
Short wing covers leave the
tip of their abdomen exposed.
Light brown or amber colored
spots on their wing covers.
Legs and antennae are reddish,
and antennae are knobbed at tips.
Dried Fruit Beetle
5. Driedfruit beetle larva
Adult females scatter
eggs over raisins.
Larvae feed on
the flesh of the
underside of berries
on drying trays.
Fully grown larva enter
soil to pupate; adults
emerge 8 days later.
Feeding, excreta, and
cast skins reduce raisin
quality.
6. Controlling Driedfruit Beetle
• Well-dried raisins, free of bunch rots, will
minimize infestation
• Attract and kill systems with fermenting baits
• Stack and seal boxes of raisins with airtight
plastic or reinforced paper laminate
• Stacks may be fumigated with phosphine
• Controlled atmosphere (low O2 or high CO2),
or controlled temperature (2 weeks at -18 ◦C)
7. Raisin moth (Cadra figulilella)
• Larvae feed on ripening and drying grapes,
and raisins stored on farms.
• Adult females lay eggs on drying grapes. High
day-time temperatures may kill exposed eggs.
• Fully grown larva leave the raisins, pupating in
dark, dry cracks.
8. Raisin moth damage
• Larvae on stored raisins feed chiefly on the
ridge crests of the raisins, but may also bore
into the flesh.
• They do not completely consume raisins but
move about, leaving masses of excreta and
webbing.
• One larva can damage about 20 Thompson
Seedless raisins.
9. Raisin moth (Cadra figulilella)
Adults are about 10 mm
long, with a 16 mm wing
span.
Forewings are light pinkish
gray with indistinct markings.
14. Raisin moth control
• Clean up and destroy leftover grape bunches
and other fruit in and around the vineyard by
autumn, before larvae leave the fruit for
overwintering sites.
• Well dried raisins are less attractive to moths
• Dried raisins in bins should be covered
• Cleaning operations at packinghouse can
greatly reduce egg and worm numbers
15. Indianmeal moth
(Plodia interpunctella )
• Indianmeal moth is one of the most
destructive stored raisin pests worldwide.
• Moths lay eggs on raisins in the field and in
storage
• Young, first-instar larvae can enter crevices as
small as 0.13 mm (1/200 inch), thus infesting
commodities in containers thought to be
insect-proof.
17. Indianmeal moth damage
• Infestations contaminate raisins with
excrement, cast skins, webbing, cocoons, and
living or dead larvae.
18. Indianmeal moth management
• Sanitation is key.
• Infestations are reduced by processing steps,
including stemming, cleaning, etc.
• Heavily damaged raisins are lighter in weight
than undamaged raisins and can be blown out
during processing.
• Cleaning storage, processing, and shipping
facilities helps minimize infestations
19. Sawtoothed grain beetle
(Oryzaephilus surinamensis)
• Cosmopolitan pest that feeds on practically
any stored dried food.
• Adults are 3 mm long, narrow and flat.
• Crawls rapidly but does not fly.
• Adults are long lived—up to 3 years.
20. Sawtoothed grain beetle
• Eggs are <1 mm; larva are yellowish white.
• Newly hatched larva can pass through very
narrow crevices.
• Feeds on all parts of a raisin.
24. Conclusions
• Good drying and strict sanitation practices, from the
vineyard through the packinghouse, will help
minimize infestations.
• Stored raisins may be disinfested by fumigation.
• Fumigation may need to be repeated periodically,
when storage exceeds 60 to 90 days, or after the seal
has been disrupted.
25. Reference for further details
• Grape Pest Management, third edition
• http://ucanr.edu/GPM
Editor's Notes
Spines on end of abdomen are distinctive.
Purple-colored dots are distinctive
Pheromone traps are useful for monitoring raisin and indianmeal moth populations.