The document discusses several stone scoring systems used to objectively assess kidney stones prior to surgery:
1. Guy's score - The earliest presented, it uses pre-op imaging to score stones but was not predictive of complications and had unclear partial staghorn definitions.
2. S.T.O.N.E. score - Accounts for Stone size, Tract length, Obstruction, Number of calyces, and Essence. It had good reproducibility but stone size/number of calyces involved showed variability.
3. CROES nomogram - Developed using a large global database but requires additional details like case volume/history, making it cumbersome.
4.
Journal club on Minimally Invasive Single Implant Treatment (M.I.S.I.T.) base...Shilpa Shiv
Journal club on Minimally Invasive Single Implant Treatment (M.I.S.I.T.) based on ridge preservation and contour augmentation in patients with a high aesthetic risk profile, JCP 2015
Long-Term Outcomes of Endoscopic Treatment for Bile Duct Stones in Patients A...JohnJulie1
There are limited data regarding the safety and efficacy of complete stone removal for the treatment of bile duct stones in elderly patients. Hence, this study evaluated the long-term outcomes of complete stone removal in elderly patients.
Long-Term Outcomes of Endoscopic Treatment for Bile Duct Stones in Patients A...JapaneseJournalofGas
There are limited data regarding the safety and efficacy of complete stone removal for the treatment of bile duct stones in elderly patients. Hence, this study evaluated the long-term outcomes of complete stone removal in elderly patients.
Journal club on Minimally Invasive Single Implant Treatment (M.I.S.I.T.) base...Shilpa Shiv
Journal club on Minimally Invasive Single Implant Treatment (M.I.S.I.T.) based on ridge preservation and contour augmentation in patients with a high aesthetic risk profile, JCP 2015
Long-Term Outcomes of Endoscopic Treatment for Bile Duct Stones in Patients A...JohnJulie1
There are limited data regarding the safety and efficacy of complete stone removal for the treatment of bile duct stones in elderly patients. Hence, this study evaluated the long-term outcomes of complete stone removal in elderly patients.
Long-Term Outcomes of Endoscopic Treatment for Bile Duct Stones in Patients A...JapaneseJournalofGas
There are limited data regarding the safety and efficacy of complete stone removal for the treatment of bile duct stones in elderly patients. Hence, this study evaluated the long-term outcomes of complete stone removal in elderly patients.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
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Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
2. Why do we need to score a stone?
• Accurate counselling pre operatively
• Objective assessment of technical modifications
• Benchmarking
• Rationalization of complex cases to specialist centres
3. Phases of score development
• Development
• Reproducibility
• Validation
Ideal scoring
• Straightforward
• Easy to use (like ASA score)
4. Guys score
• Stone Unit in Guys Hospital, London
• Pre operative imaging – radiograph, CT, IVU
• At 6 weeks, plain KUB radiograph; CT/USG in select cases(like
radiolucent stones)
5. Development
• Combo of literature review, expert opinion, iterative process
• Iterative plan/do/act/study process
6.
7. Reproducibility
• Additional 40 cases were evaluated by 3 clinicians(2 senior
endourologists and 1 urology trainee)
• The scorers were given a copy of the image of the scoring system and
the radiographic images
• Inter-rater agreement was calculated using the free marginal kappa
coefficient
• Overall agreement was 86%
• Most disagreement were in Guy score 2-3 because definition of
partial staghorn was not defined
8. Internal validation
• 100 consecutive PCNL cases from November 2007 to December 2008
• Multivariate regression analysis of factors like : stone score, stone
burden, operating surgeon, patient age, weight, co morbidities and
urine culture findings
• Outcomes were SFR, complication rate and severity, operation time,
radiation time and exposure
9.
10. Limitations
• Single centre study with small number of patients
• CIRF definition. Smaller size of CIRF would furthermore decrease the
SFR
• Pre operative imaging modalities were not stratified
12. Development
• Systematic review
• MEDLINE review of English language studies from 1976 to 2012
• Variables that affected the outcomes of PCNL were studied
• Studies were limited to those which used NCCT KUB for pre operative imaging of calculi.
• 5 variables
1. S – Stone size
2. T – Tract length
3. O – degree of Obstruction
4. N – Number of involved calices
5. E – Essence of stone
13. • Stone size – length * width in mm2
• Tract length – skin to stone distance – mean vertical distance from
centre of stone to skin measured on supine NCCT KUB at 00, 450, 900
• Obstruction : none or mild – 1 point; moderate to severe – 2
• Score can range from 5-13
15. • Retrospective review of NCCT KUB of 70 patients who underwent
PCNL
• Done by
1. 2 medical students
2. 2 urology residents
3. 1 urology fellow and 1 attending physician
• The inter observer variability were rated using ƙ coefficient of
concordance
16.
17. • Medical students : obstruction is the least concordant and tract
length is the most concordant
• Residents: stone size is the least concordant and tract length is the
most concordant
• fellow/attending physicians : obstruction is the least concordant and
tract length is the most concordant
18. Reasons for variation
Stone size:
• Most stones are not perfectly geometric
• Measuring sizes among different axial images, planes were difficult
• Hence the least concordant
Tract length:
• Multiple stones with varying SSDs can be difficult
• The farthest stone was used for calculation because it will be the most
difficult to break by PCNL
• And also, only 2 divisions of scores - ≤10 cm and >10 cm. so, tract length is
the most concordant
19. Obstruction:
• Relies heavily on user knowledge of renal anatomy in CT
• So, this score was also given only 2 subdivions: none-mild – 1 and
moderate-severe : 2
• However, localised obstruction may be difficult to score
21. Essence
• Density of stone is calculated by marking the stone excluding urine
and soft tissues around it, which makes it difficult for an irregularly
shaped stone
• Also, in a lamellated stone, density may vary from periphery to centre
• So, only 2 subdivisions were given for scoring: ≤950 HU and >950 HU
22. Internal validation
• Prospective evaluation of patients who underwent PCNL
• Patients with PCN or DJS
• Patients who had other open, endoscopic or laparoscopic procedures
along with PCNL
• Patients who underwent second stage PCNL
Were excluded
23. • Primary outcome was SFR
• Residual calculi were assessed using:
1. Intra operative flexible nephroscopy
2. Post operative NCCT KUB on POD 1 for radiolucent stones
3. USG at 3 months for all patients
24. • From November 2009 to October 2011, 117 subjects met the criteria
and were included in the study
• Overall SFR was 80%
25.
26. • Overall STONE score yielded an accuracy of 83% in predicting SFR
• However, tract length, stone density and presence of HUN were not
significant enough to predict SFR
• Though stone size and number of calyces had the most
interobserver variability, they predicted SFR better than other
individual components
29. • Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society
• November 2007 to December 2009
• 5803 patients from 96 centres globally; each centre performed at
least 10 PCNLs annually
30. Variables
• Stone burden : 0.785 * length * width. Individual stone burdens to be
added for multiple stones
• Stone location
• Stone count
• Case volume/year
• Presence/absence of staghorn
• Prior treatment
31.
32. Internal validation
• 76% predictable accuracy
• But case volume and patient history can make CROES nomogram
cumbersome
34. • 155 consecutive sPCNL cases from January 2004 through July 2012 at
Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
• Percutaneous access obtained by uroradiologists 1 day before or on
the DOS
• All patients were evaluated with pre and post operative NCCT KUB
• Complete staghorn – filling at least 80% of collecting system
• Partial staghorn – pelvic stone extending to at least 2 calyces
35. • S-ReSC is calculated by counting the number of locations affected by
calculi regardless of stone size, number or composition
36. Reproducibility
• Intra observer reliability by 1 junior faculty member scoring and
rescoring after 1 month blinded
• Inter observer reliability – one senior resident scored what the junior
faculty member scored
• Weighted kappas for intra and inter observer agreement were 0.832
and 0.982
37.
38. Score Author Country Subjects Type of internal
validation
Pre operative
imaging
Post operative
imaging
Stone free
definition
SFR
Guy’s score Thomas et al UK 100 Prospective CT, X ray KUB,
IVU
X ray KUB <4 mm
fragments
62%
S.T.O.N.E score Okunov et al US 117 Prospective NCCT Flouroscopy,
NCCT, YSG
Absence of
stones
80%
CROES Smith A et al Global 2806 Retrospective NCCT KUB, IVU X ray KUB <4 mm
fragments
82%
S-ReSC Jeong CW et al South Korea 155 Retrospective NCCT KUB NCCT KUB Absence of
stones
72.3%
39. Guy’s score S.T.O.N.E score CROES S-ReSC
Strengths Ease of use Relies solely on pre
operative CT
Large multicentric
database
Easy to use
No calculations
Weaknesses Not predictive of
complications
Partial staghorn not clearly
defined
Knowledge of stone
unrelated factors
required(spina bifida, spinal
injury)
Stone size and
number of calyces
involved were
variable
Cumbersome
Requires info like
case volume,
patient treatment
history
Might not be
applicable to
abnormal
collecting systems