A stem cell is a cell with the unique ability to develop into specialized cell types in the body. This presentation details the regeneration of artificial organs using stem cells
ARTIFICIAL ORGANS.
We discussed a Brief History and Introduction of Artificial Organs.
We also discussed the Various Manufacturing Process and Application of Artificial Organs and finally we discussed the Pros and Cons of Artificial Organs.
ARTIFICIAL ORGANS.
We discussed a Brief History and Introduction of Artificial Organs.
We also discussed the Various Manufacturing Process and Application of Artificial Organs and finally we discussed the Pros and Cons of Artificial Organs.
3D BIO PRINTING USING TISSUE AND ORGANSsathish sak
3D bio printing is the process of creating cell patterns in a confined space using 3D printing technologies.
3D bio printing is the layer by layer method to deposit materials known as bioinks to create tissue like structure.
Currently, bioprinting can be used to print tissues and organs to help research drug and pills.
Homework X - Biomaterials Science.
An extracorporeal artificial organ is a man-made device that is integrated into a human — interfacing with living tissue — to replace a natural organ, for the purpose of duplicating or augmenting a specific function or a group of related functions so the patient may return to a normal life as soon as possible. The replaced function doesn't necessarily have to be related to life support, but it often is.
IST - 4th Year - 2nd Semester - Biomedical Engineering.
An idea was considered as to producing an entire organ in vivo by bypassing many of the steps like cell isolation and expansion, culturing in bioreactors, scaffolds and growth factor delivery ect. involved in traditional tissue engineering. This concept was called the in vivo bioreactor (IVB).
It has been expleined in these slides that how 3D bioprinters work and some of them have been introdused. Also some examples of use 3D bioprinter in reality are introduced.
Finally feature of 3D bioprinters in human life has been explained.
Bioreactors are devices in which biological or biochemical processes develop under a closely monitored and tightly controlled environment. Bioreactors have been used in animal cell culture since the 1980s in order to produce vaccines and other drugs and to culture large cell populations. Bioreactors for use in tissue engineering have progressed from such devices.
A tissue engineering bioreactor can be defined as a device that uses mechanical means to influence biological processes. In tissue engineering, this generally means that bioreactors are used to stimulate cells and encourage them to produce extracellular matrix (ECM). There are numerous types of bioreactor which can be classified by the means they use to stimulate cells.
CONCEPT
HISTORY OF XENOTRANSPLANTATION
IMPORTANCE OF XENOTRANSPLANTATION
CHOOSING OF DONOR SPECIES
XENOTRANSPLANTATION REJECTION
GUIDELINES ON XENO-TRANSPLANTATION BY ICMR
RECENT RESEARCH ON XENOTRANSPLANTATION
3D BIO PRINTING USING TISSUE AND ORGANSsathish sak
3D bio printing is the process of creating cell patterns in a confined space using 3D printing technologies.
3D bio printing is the layer by layer method to deposit materials known as bioinks to create tissue like structure.
Currently, bioprinting can be used to print tissues and organs to help research drug and pills.
Homework X - Biomaterials Science.
An extracorporeal artificial organ is a man-made device that is integrated into a human — interfacing with living tissue — to replace a natural organ, for the purpose of duplicating or augmenting a specific function or a group of related functions so the patient may return to a normal life as soon as possible. The replaced function doesn't necessarily have to be related to life support, but it often is.
IST - 4th Year - 2nd Semester - Biomedical Engineering.
An idea was considered as to producing an entire organ in vivo by bypassing many of the steps like cell isolation and expansion, culturing in bioreactors, scaffolds and growth factor delivery ect. involved in traditional tissue engineering. This concept was called the in vivo bioreactor (IVB).
It has been expleined in these slides that how 3D bioprinters work and some of them have been introdused. Also some examples of use 3D bioprinter in reality are introduced.
Finally feature of 3D bioprinters in human life has been explained.
Bioreactors are devices in which biological or biochemical processes develop under a closely monitored and tightly controlled environment. Bioreactors have been used in animal cell culture since the 1980s in order to produce vaccines and other drugs and to culture large cell populations. Bioreactors for use in tissue engineering have progressed from such devices.
A tissue engineering bioreactor can be defined as a device that uses mechanical means to influence biological processes. In tissue engineering, this generally means that bioreactors are used to stimulate cells and encourage them to produce extracellular matrix (ECM). There are numerous types of bioreactor which can be classified by the means they use to stimulate cells.
CONCEPT
HISTORY OF XENOTRANSPLANTATION
IMPORTANCE OF XENOTRANSPLANTATION
CHOOSING OF DONOR SPECIES
XENOTRANSPLANTATION REJECTION
GUIDELINES ON XENO-TRANSPLANTATION BY ICMR
RECENT RESEARCH ON XENOTRANSPLANTATION
Solid organ fabrication is an ultimate goal of Regenerative Medicine. Since the introduction of Tissue Engineering in 1993, significant advancements have been made to regenerate in vitro culture or tissue platforms. Relatively simple flat or tubular organs are already in (pre)clinical trials .
There are two emerging technologies for solid organ fabrication.
One is decellularization of cadaveric organs followed by repopulation with terminally differentiated or progenitor cells.
The other is 3D bioprinting to deposit cell-laden bio-inks to attain complex tissue architecture.
Dr. Steenblock treats patients suffering from Macular Degeneration using Stem Cell Treatments. Contact his office today at 1-800-300-1063. Websites:
www.stemcellmd.org
www.strokedoctor.com
www.stemcelltherapies.org
www.cerebralpalsycure.com
www.davidsteenblock.com
www.davidsteenblock.net
Blood production agency. all types of blood cellls are produced in it. to understand it is the need of this era. it also will help in the physiology of blood making mechanism.
Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering: past, present and futureAna Rita Ramos
Tissue engineering brings together the principles of the life sciences and medicine with engineering. New biomaterials; advances in genomics and proteomics and increased understanding of healing processes contributed to the increase of this area over the past decade.
Stem cell biology is paving the way for the generation of unlimited cells of specific phenotypes for incorporation
into engineered tissue constructs.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
2. INTRODUCTION
A stem cell is a cell with the unique ability to develop
into specialised cell types in the body.
There are three main types of stem cell:
• Embryonic stem cells
• Adult stem cells
• Induced pluripotent stem cells
Regeneration means the regrowth of a damaged or
missing organ part from the remaining tissue.
3. ORGANS THAT CAN BE REGENERATED USING STEM
CELL TECHNOLOGY
Heart
Liver
Brain
Bone
Esophagus
Kidney
Stomach
Lung
4. 4
ECM
+
Stem cell
Assay
3
Lyophilization
2
Decellularization
1
PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING BIOINK FOR 3D BIO
PRINTING
This process is used to
isolate the
extracellular matrix
(ECM) of a tissue(SDS
& NaCl is been used
to remove the DNA
content)
It is basically a water
removal process
typically used to
preserve perishable
materials, to extend
shelf life
• DNA(< 2%)
• GAG
• Collagenase
Adding the
Stem Cell
along with
the ECM
5. DIGRAMETIC REPRESENTATION
Scaffolds are materials that have
been engineered to cause desirable
cellular interactions to contribute to the
formation of new functional tissues for
medical purposes.
1. Decellularized Tissue 2. Lyophilized Tissue 3. Assay 4. Organ Printing
7. The various processes involved in the manufacturing of artificial organs involve the
following:
• Tissue Engineering: This is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and
materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physio-chemical factors to
improve or replace biological functions.
• Bio-printing or 3D printing of tissues: Bio-printing, where living cells are
precisely printed in a certain pattern, has great potential and promise for
fabricating engineered living organs.
• Industrially by using biomaterials which includes metals, ceramics, polymers and
composites.
• In the laboratory by using stem cells under Regenerative Medicine.
8. • GRAFT: A viable tissue that after removal
from a donor site is implanted with in a
recipient tissue is then restored, repaired and
regenerated.
• GRAFTING: It is a procedure used to
replace/restore missing bone or gum tissue.
• BONE GRAFTS: The materials used for the
replacement or augmentation of the bone.
OSTEOINDUCTION
Stimulation of
osteoprogenitor
cells
Osteoblasts
New Bone
Formation
BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS IN BONE
GRAFTING
• Contains bone forming cells (osteogenesis)
• Serve as scaffold for bone formation
(osteoconduction)
• Matrix of bone grafting material contains bone
inductive substances (oteoinduction)
9. OSTEOGENESIS
Osteoblast
s in the
transplante
d bone
having
adequate
blood
supply and
cellular
viability
Forms
new
centre of
ossificati
on within
the graft
TYPES OF GRAFT TISSUE
AUTOGRAPHS
A tissue transferred from one position
to another within the same individual.
ALLOGRAPHS/HOMOGRAPHS
Obtained from genetically dissimilar
individual of same species.
XENOGRAPHS/HETEROGRAPHS
Tissue transferred from one species to
another species
ALLOPLASTS
A synthetic graft or inert foreign body
implanted into tissue.
10. BONE CELLS ARE
COMPOSED OF
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteiods
Inorganic mineral sals
BONE
REGENERATION
Bone regeneration is process which response to any
injury like accidental fracture, development of
continuous remodelling of bone, disease condition
like osteoporosis and after surgery like arthoplasty,
etc. Bone regeneration process involves certain
processes like hematoma formation, callus
formation, callus ossification and bone remodelling
11. Need of Bone Regeneration
There are over 15 million fracture
cases globally and an estimated 2.2
million bone graft procedures are
performed annually to promote
fracture healing or to fill defects .
Sometimes the common solutions,
such as Autografts & Allografts are
not suitable due to the donor site
morbidity, disease transmissions,
and, for the implants case, failure
may occur after transplantation of
tissue.
Scaffolds
Polymeric
Natural
Bone
Morphogeni
c Proteins
Mesenc
hymal
cells and
Growth
Factors
APPROCHES TO BONE
REGENERATION
12. MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS
Multipotent stromal cells that made up of different cell like: osteoblasts (bone cells),
chondrocytes (cartilage cells) and adipocytes (fat cells). Stromal cells are connective
tissue cells that form the supportive structure to bone .
15. Human Heart Regeneration
• Of the 4,000 Americans waiting for heart transplants, only 2,500 will receive new hearts in
the next year.
• The biggest risk is the their bodies will reject the new heart and launch a massive immune
reaction against the foreign cell,
• To combat the problems of organ shortage and decrease the chance that a patient's body will
reject it, researchers have been working to create synthetic organs from patients' own cells.
• A team of scientists from Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School has
gotten one step closer, using adult skin cells to regenerate functional human heart tissue
16. • The scientists created a technique (Decellularization) in which they use a detergent
solution to strip a donor organ of cells that might set off an immune response in the
recipient.
• They stripped away many of the cells on 73 donor hearts that were deemed unfit for
transplantation.
• Then the researchers took adult skin cells and used a new technique with messenger RNA
to turn them into pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)
• After making sure the remaining matrix would provide a strong foundation for new cells,
the researchers put the induced cells into them.
• For two weeks they infused the hearts with a nutrient solution and allowed them to grow
under similar forces to those a heart would be subject to inside the human body.
17. Human Heart Regeneration
• After those two weeks, the hearts contained well-structured tissue that looked similar to
immature hearts
• In order to make that heart tissue to start beating , the researchers gave the hearts a shock of
electricity (defibrillation), which turned out to be successful .
• This is the closest researchers have come to their end goal in growing an entire working heart.
Problems
• To improve their yield of pluripotent stem cells (a whole heart would take tens of billions, one
researcher said in a press release)
• Find a way to help the cells mature more quickly, and perfecting the body-like conditions in
which the heart develops
20. • Stem cells have the ability to repair injured organs and ameliorate damaged function.
The strategy for kidney tissue repair is the recruitment of stem cells and soluble
reparative factors to the kidney to elicit tissue repair and the induction of
dedifferentiation of resident renal cells.
• Kidney regeneration is a challenging but promising strategy aimed at reducing the
progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and improving the quality of life of
patients with ESRD. Adult stem cells are multipotent stem cells that reside in various
tissues, such as bone marrow and adipose tissue.
21.
22. Reasons that lead to kidney failure
• A blood clot in or around your kidneys.
• Infection.
• An overload of toxins from heavy metals.
• Drugs and alcohol.
• Vasculitis, an inflammation of blood vessels.
• Lupus, an autoimmune disease that can cause inflammation of
many body organs.
23. 10 Signs You May Have Kidney Disease
• You're more tired, have less energy or are having trouble
concentrating. ...
• You're having trouble sleeping. ...
• You have dry and itchy skin. ...
• You feel the need to urinate more often. ...
• You see blood in your urine. ...
• Your urine is foamy. ...
• You're experiencing persistent puffiness around your eyes. ...
• Your ankles and feet are swollen.
25. • Over 8,000 liver transplants
are performed annually in the
U.S.
• Chronic liver diseases affect
more than 500 million people
worldwide and causes 2% of
all deaths.
• Cirrhosis anticipated to be the
12th leading cause of death in
2020.
• No noticeable increase in
liver donors.
Most patients in need
of a liver transplant
suffer from chronic
conditions
Hepatitis (swelling of
the liver) and Cirrhosis
(permanent scarring
of the liver)
can lead to Acute
Liver Failure
other causes of liver
failure
Ingestion of too many
toxins (alcohol)
Communicable
diseases
Some chemotherapy
medications
26. Current Treatment
• The first human liver transplant was performed by Thomas Starzyl in 1963
• Transplantation is now the preferred treatment for a failing/failed liver
• It is also possible to transplant just a piece of liver as an allograft
• Most transplants are done for patients with chronic liver diseases leading to cirrhosis
27. Current Technology
A variety of methods have been developed to improve or replace, at least temporarily, these have
included:
i. Bioartificial liver devices
ii. Cell therapy
BIO-ARTIFICIAL LIVER DEVICES
• Extracorporeal supportive device for an individual suffering from liver failure
• Contains both biological and manufactured components
• These devices bridge until the patient recover or receive a transplant
• BALs are essentially bioreactors, with embedded hepatocytes (liver cells) that perform the
functions of a normal liver.
• They process oxygenated blood plasma, which is separated from the other blood constituents.
• With this method there comes it disadvantage
• Lack of knowledge regarding metabolic functions
• Virus infection
28. • Seeding liver cells onto an extracellular matrix
(scaffold) made of porous biodegradable materials.
• This seeded shell is placed in either a static or
dynamic bioreactor in which the cells might grow,
proliferate and hopefully differentiate.
• Most ex vivo livers are currently used for researching
the functions of liver cells themselves
Cell Therapy
29. Limitations
• Not everything is known yet about how the liver works.
• How cells differentiate and organize themselves.
• What factors might help stimulate “natural” liver growth.
• Liver has high cell density.
• Liver contains specific cell sub-populations that are hard to artificially reproduce.
• Also difficult to artificially reproduce tiny capillaries, ducts, and pores
30. Future
• More highly developed scaffolds that incorporate the micro structures within the
liver.
• Complete production of functional human livers.
• Increased availability and affordability.
31. CONCLUSION
• Stem cells can be derived from adult, cord blood and embryonic stem cells.
• Stem cell transplantation can both support highly intensive chemotherapy
and promote highly effective immunotherapy.
• Recent advances in stem cell transplantation allow therapy more tailored to
disease and patient.
• Improved supportive care measures expand transplant to more patients.
• Human embryonic stem cell research is ethically and politically
controversial because it involves the destruction of human embryos.
• As a matter of religious faith and moral conviction many people believe
that “human life begins at conception” and that an embryo is there for a
person.
32. CONCLUSION
• According to this view, an embryo has interests and rights that must be
respected. From this perspective, taking a blastocyst and removing the inner
cell mass to derive an embryonic stem cell line is tantamount to murder.
• Stem cell is a very promising field which can be a successful to
conventional techniques like organ transplantation which requires donors.
But it is also still not successful because of the ethical issues involved and
the need of experiments carried upon human models
33. REFERENCES
• Printing three-dimensional tissue analogues with decellularized extracellular matrix bioink
Falguni Pati1,*, Jinah Jang2,3,*, Dong-Heon Ha1, Sung Won Kim4,5, Jong-Won Rhie6, Jin-Hyung
Shim7,Deok-Ho Kim3,8,9&Dong-Woo Cho1
• An overview of tissue and whole organ decellularization processes
Peter M. Crapo, Thomas W. Gilbert, Stephen F. Badylak*McGowan Institute for Regenerative
Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA