ENGAGE grow your own body
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This document discusses building replacement organs using tissue engineering techniques. It presents information about growing organs in the lab from a patient's own cells. Scientists have already grown simple organs like bladders and ears. More complex organs like hearts and kidneys have been grown but do not yet function properly when implanted. The document outlines methods researchers have used to grow organs and whether they worked when tested in labs or animal models. It also provides argument cards for a role-playing activity where students debate whether a friend should get a transplant or lab-grown trachea.
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ENGAGE grow your own body
- 1. For more, visit EngagingScience.eu Grow your own body Equipping the Next Generation for Active Engagement in Science
- 2. 2 Objectives To use what you know about cells, tissues and organs in a new context. To decide if a new technology will be possible in the next ten years.
- 3. 3 Visual guide starter core task plenary plenary 1 extension plenary 2 To navigate, click the images, or the menu bar on each slide. See the slide notes for the teachers guide. student sheets
- 4. 4 HUMAN FO R SAL E R E P L A C E M E N T ORGANS Will this be possible in 10 years? What can I get you? starter core task plenary 1 extension plenary 2
- 5. 5 But: At the moment, If your organ fails, your only hope is a transplant from a human donor. HUMAN ORGAN For Transplant Why do we want to build organs? Cells in the transplanted organ are foreign. You need a lifetime of drugs to stop your body rejecting them. In the UK three people a day die because of a shortage of donor organs. As people now live longer, the demand is increasing. starter core task plenary 1 extension plenary 2
- 6. 6 Scientists grow the first human spare part â an ear! How to grow an organ 1. Grow cow cartilage cells on a scaffold. 2. Transplant it into a mouse. 3. The cells grow on a living body. SS1-4 6 How close are we to building organs? 1997: starter core task plenary 1 extension plenary 2
- 7. 7 trachea SS5 I canât live normally. Walking around leaves me out of breath. Imagine your friend needs a new trachea. Should she choose a transplant or a lab grown organ? Read out the argument cards. Rank them in order of importance. Give your friend advice, with reasons. starter core task plenary 1 extension plenary 2
- 8. For more, visit EngagingScience.eu Get students talking and thinking
- 9. For more, visit EngagingScience.eu Student sheets Grow your own body Sheet no. Title Notes SS1 Build a bladder Consumable, one per student â can also be projected SS2 Build a bladder â answers Reusable, teacher reference SS3a Spare parts in 10 years? Version A (higher) Consumable, one per student SS3b Spare parts in 10 years? Version B (foundation) Consumable, one per group SS4a The research Version A (higher) Reusable, one per student SS4b The research Version B (foundation) Reusable, one per group SS5 Argument cards Reusable, cut into cards, one per group
- 10. 10 It contains two different layers of : muscle and epithelial. Take a small piece from the patientâs own Build a bladder bladder epithelial Scientists grew the first replacement organ, a bladder, in 2006. Complete the method by writing the word cells, tissue or organ into the gaps. SS1 This is how they did it. Grow from each tissue in dishes in the lab. Transplant the completed into the patient. The scaffold will slowly disintegrate. Now add muscle They grow to form an outer layer of muscle Build a biodegradable scaffold the same size as the patientâs Cover it with epithelial cells. The cells grow on the scaffold to form a layer of muscle
- 11. 11 It contains two different layers of : muscle and epithelial. Take a small piece from the patientâs own Build a bladder bladder epithelial Scientists grew the first replacement organ, a bladder, in 2006. Complete the method by writing the word cells, tissue or organ into the gaps. SS2 This is how they did it. Grow from each tissue in dishes in the lab. Transplant the completed into the patient. The scaffold will slowly disintegrate. Now add muscle They grow to form an outer layer of muscle Build a biodegradable scaffold the same size as the patientâs Cover it with epithelial cells. The cells grow on the scaffold to form a layer of muscle Answers organ tissue cells organ cells organ tissue tissue
- 12. 12 Name of organ Can we build it in the lab? Does it work in the body? How long before we will have a replacement organ? Bladder Heart Kidney Trachea Brain Spare parts in 10 years? It is possible now In the next ten years A long way in the future Work alone. SS3a Use the information to fill in the table and decide how long it will be before we have replacement organs. Read the research. It is possible now In the next ten years A long way in the future It is possible now In the next ten years A long way in the future It is possible now In the next ten years A long way in the future It is possible now In the next ten years A long way in the future
- 13. 13 What they did Grew new organs from the patientâs own bladder cells. When they did it: 2006 Did it work? Yes! The new organs worked inside the patients with no side effects. What they did Removed kidneys from rats. They used a chemical to wash away the cells, leaving behind the organ's scaffold. They coated the scaffold with new rat kidney cells. When they did it: 2013 Did it work? Yes! They kidneys worked in the lab and when put into rats. No! They did not function as well as a natural kidney because they did not contain enough different tissues. What they did Removed the tissue from a rat heart to leave a scaffold and then added heart cells. When they did it 2013 Did it work? Yes! The cells began contracting like they would in a real heart. No! The heart could not work inside an organism because it did not contract strongly enough to pump blood. Also, it did not contain any nervous tissue which is needed to organise effective pumping. The research What they did: Created a biodegradable scaffold of the patient's trachea which was soaked in a solution of stem cells taken from the patient. When did they did it: 2011 Did it work? Yes! After two days, the tissue had grown over the scaffold. It was then transplanted into the patient who is now leading a healthy life. What they did Took human stem cells that would become brain cells and placed them on a scaffold. Small brain-like organs developed. When they did it: 2013 Did it work? Yes! The mini-brains contained distinct brain regions. No! They stopped growing and only reached the size of a pea. Without blood vessels the brains couldnât receive enough nutrients or oxygen to continue growing. SS4a What are stem cells? Stem cells are cells that have not yet specialised into a type of cell. They have the ability to develop into lots of different types of cells. cardiac cells liver cells intestinal cellsmuscle cells blood cells nerve cell stem cells
- 14. 14 Name of organ Can we build it in the lab? Does it work in the body? How long before we will have a replacement organ? Bladder Heart Kidney Spare parts in 10 years? Work alone. SS3a Use the information to fill in the table and decide how long it will be before we have replacement organs. Read the research. It is possible now In the next ten years A long way in the future It is possible now In the next ten years A long way in the future It is possible now In the next ten years A long way in the future
- 15. 15 The kidneys worked in the lab and when put into rats. They took kidneys from rats. They used a chemical to wash away the cells, leaving behind the organ's scaffold. Kidneys Bladder Heart They coated a scaffold with the patientâs own bladder cells. The new organs worked inside the patients with no side effects. They removed the tissue from a rat heart to leave a scaffold and then added rat heart cells. The heart could not work inside an organism because it did not contract strongly enough to pump blood. SS4b The research results method They coated the scaffold with new rat kidney cells. They did not function as well as a natural kidney because they did not contain enough different tissues. method results method results The cells began contracting like they would in a real heart.
- 16. 16 The first engineered trachea was used in 2011 so it is not clear what longer term prospects are. It only takes around a week for the engineered trachea to be made in the lab. You might have to wait months until a suitable donor trachea becomes available. Because the engineered trachea contains your own cells it will not be rejected by your immune system and you will not have to take drugs for the rest of your life. Tissue samples from a normal trachea and an engineered one look the same down a microscope. A man who received the second engineered trachea in 2012 died a year later. His family have chosen not to reveal the cause of his death. For a transplant only one operation is needed but two will be required for the engineered trachea: one to remove stem cells from the body and one to insert the new trachea. Only a few people have received an engineered trachea. Many have had transplanted ones and gone on to lead a healthy life. Engineering organs in the lab is very new technology. Do you want to have a new procedure or a tried and tested one? The engineered trachea is tailor-made for you so it fits perfectly. All of the operations involving an engineered trachea have been a success and the trachea functioned perfectly. SS5 Argument cards ïŒ ïŒ ïŒ ïŒ ïŒ x x x x x
- 17. For more, visit EngagingScience.eu Get students talking and thinking
- 18. For more, visit EngagingScience.eu Equipping the Next Generation for Active Engagement in Science
Editor's Notes
- Starter (5 min) Will we be able to grow replacement organs in the lab within the next 10 years? Core task (15-20 min) Explain how bladders are being grown in the lab. Use information to decide how likely it is we will be able to grow organs in the lab in the next 10 years. Plenary 1 (5 min) Which organs will we be able to grow in the next 10 years? Why? Extension (10-15 min) Should a friend get a lab-grown replacement trachea? Rank the argument cards and use them to write advice. Plenary  2 (5 min) Students carry out a class vote to show their decision.
- Starter This is the big question the students will consider. Students discuss their response to the question in pairs and feedback to the class. Ask the students what else they need to find out before they can make an informed judgement.
- Starter Use the information on the slide to discuss organs transplantation and the issues surrounding it.
- Core task Inform the students that one possible solution is to grow organs from a patient's own cells in the laboratory. Discuss how this could solve the problems on the slide. The first human body part grown in the lab was an ear but this was made of just one tissue. Discuss as a class why it is more complicated to build an organ like a heart (it is made up of many different tissues all working together). Students will now complete two tasks to answer the question 'how close are we to building organs?' They first work alone to complete the task on SS1. They apply their understanding of cells, tissues and organs to complete a guide on how to build a human bladder. Go through the answers using SS2. Ask students to now work in pairs to complete the next task. They compete the table on SS3 by reading through the research information on SS4. Plenary 1 Discuss as a class what they found out - which organs can we build now, which will be possible in the next 10 years, and which do they think are a long way off? Ask students to justify their responses.
- Extension task Introduce the task. The students' friend needs a replacement trachea. Which should she choose: a lab grown one or a transplant? Students work in small groups. They read out the argument cards (SS5) and rank them in order of importance. They then use the information to write down some advice: which should she choose and why? Plenary 2 The class use a show of hands to state which decision they would advise their friend. Ask some students to explain their decision.
- Core task Students work alone to complete the task. They apply their understanding of cells, tissues and organs to complete a guide on how to build a human bladder. Go through the answers using SS2.
- Core task Answers to SS1.
- Core task (higher version) Students work in pairs. They compete the table by reading through the research information on SS4.
- Core task (higher version) Students work in pairs. They compete the table on SS3 by reading through the research information.
- Core task (foundation version) Students work in pairs. They compete the table by reading through the research information on SS4.
- Core task (foundation version) Students work in pairs. They compete the table on SS3 by reading through the research information.
- Extension task Students work in small groups. They read out the argument cards and rank them in order of importance.