Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS) is a thermal recovery method used in heavy oil fields. It is a three-stage single-well process where steam is injected down a well to heat the reservoir and reduce oil viscosity. CSS involves injecting high pressure steam from a steam generator through an insulated pipeline to the wellhead. Key equipment includes the steam generator, water treatment unit, insulated pipeline and downhole testing instruments. The process works by heating the reservoir in cycles to ease oil flow and increase recovery.

1. Cyclic Steam Stimulation
Prepared by :ENG:Mahmoud Zohair
ENG:Shareef Ali

2. Overview
• Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
• Impotents of EOR
• CSS interpretation and the stages
• Why CSS?
• Testing equipment during steam
injection
• Steam injection Equipments

3. Enhanced oil recovery
(EOR)
• Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes include
all methods that use to improves oil recovery by
changing the properties of the displacing or
displaced fluids

4. Impotents of EOR

5. CSS interpretation and
the stages
• Cyclic Steam Stimulation or Huff n Puff , t is a
three-stage single-well process , steam
injected down hole a horizontal or vertical
single well.

6. Why CSS?
• One of the problems associated with oil production
worldwide is the heavy oil production, In heavy oil fields
thermal recovery methods are essentially used because
they tend to ease the flow by reducing the crude
viscosity eventually increasing the mobility ratio.
Oil Class API
Light
Medium
Heavy
Extra-heavy
°API ≥ 31
22 ≤ °API < 31
10 ≤ °API < 22
°API ≤ 10

7. Conditions to be Applied
• Large filed area and steam is
selected to be implemented in the
future, CSS is used to heat a part of
the reservoir.
• Low API (less than 22 Degree API).
• Depth up to 5000 ft
• Viscous oil (more than 100 cp).
• Good net pay (10 m at least to
avoid heat losses).
• Enough reservoir pressure to hold
the injection pressure.

8. Steam injection testing and equipment

9. Four Parameter Combined
Logging Instrument
Application
→Steam absorption profile test for high
temperature steam injection wells;
→Wellbore heat loss test for high
temperature steam injection wells;

10. Testing equipment during steam
injection

11. Steam injection Equipments

12. Steam injection Equipments
1. steam generator
(boiler )
2. Water treatment
unit.
3. Insulated Steam
pipeline.
4. Other equipment .

13. 1-Steam generator(boiler)
It is steam injection
equipment used to inject
high presser and high
temperature steam
produced by it, in to the
oil well .

14. Cont Steam generator(boiler)
:
boiler sections & systems
Divided in to three sections and three systems :
systems
sections
•Water –steam system
•Combustion system
•Auto control system
•Radiation section .
•Convection section
•Transition section

15. 2-water treatment unit
Used to extract water
hardness form raw water
using ion exchange
method to :
• Fulfill good steam quality.
• Prevent the boiler from
corrosion .

16. 3-Insulated Steam pipeline
To transmit the steam from the boiler to the well
head .(must be thermal isolated ).

17. 4-Other devices
•Water supplying pump
•Burner
•Air compressor
•Heater
•Separator
•Filter
•Water tank
•Fuel tank
•power supply

18. Classification of boiler models
No. model Vaporization
capacity
(ton/hour )
Working
pressure (MPa
/ psig)
Steam Quality
(%)
Thermal
efficiency (%)
Destinations Dimensions
(m)
weight (T)
01 JM-YZG9.2 /
21-Y / Q
9.2 21/3000 82 ≥88 Sled base /
Trailer
16.5 × 3.3 × 4.3 47.4
02 JM-YZG11.5-
21-Y / Q
11.5 21/3000 82 ≥88 Sled base /
Trailer
16.8 × 3.5 × 4.4 53.5
03 JM-YZG13-21-
Y / Q
13 21/3000 82 ≥88 Sled base /
Trailer
17.5 × 3.5 × 4.4 70.9
04 JM-YZG15-21-
Y / Q
15 21/3000 82 ≥88 Sled base /
Trailer
18.0 × 3.5 × 4.4 69.1
05 JM-YZG18-21-
Y / Q
18 21/3000 82 ≥88 Sled base /
Trailer
18.5 × 3.6 × 4.5 68.2
06 JM-YZG20-
17.2-Y / Q
20 21/3000 82 ≥88 Sled base /
Trailer
19.5 × 3.8 × 4.5 83.3
07 JM-YZG23-21-
Y / Q
23 21/3000 82 ≥88 Sled base 20.5 × 4.2 × 4.5 91.6
08 JM-YZG30-21-
Y / Q
30 21/3000 82 ≥88 Sled base 21.0 × 4.2 × 7.9 150.0
09 JM-YZG50-21-
Y / Q
50 21/3000 82 ≥88 Sled base 22.0 × 4.3 ×
11.7
227.9
10 JM-YZG100-
21-Y / Q
100 21/3000 82 ≥88 Sled base 28.0 × 4.8 ×
13.5
476.9

19. Water Tank
Water Treatment Unit
Pump Softeners
Steam Generation Unit Pump
Air Compressor
Flow Line
Well Head
Boiler
Fuel Oil

20. Radiation section
Convection section
Transition section
Fuel tank
water treatment unit

21. How it is work
• When the instrument go through the
insulating tube (φ62), the centralizer and
collecting umbrella are closed
• Centralizer controls collecting umbrella
open. When the instrument reaches the test
section – oil layer casing (φ160),
• the centralizer is open, as well as collecting
umbrella.
• The fluid is forced to flow into flowmeter
under the control of collecting umbrella,
then the high-temperature
• steam entirely adhere to the meter ,which
improves steam flow measurement
accuracy.