Steam is commonly used as an energy source for industrial processes like turbines, engines, and space heating. A steam generator or boiler is a closed vessel that heats water into steam at high pressures. Boilers work by burning fuel in a furnace, heating the hot gases, and transferring the heat to water inside the boiler vessel to produce steam. There are two main types of boilers - fire tube boilers where hot gases pass through tubes surrounded by water, and water tube boilers where water flows inside tubes surrounded by hot gases. Locomotive boilers are a type of fire tube boiler used in trains to power steam engines.

1. STEAM
GENERATOR
PRESENTED BY: ABHISHEK KUMAR

2. Steam generator
Steam is most common form of energy
which is used in industrial processes.
Turbines and steam engines
Industrial processes
Space heating

3. Steam boiler
Steam boiler or simply
a boiler is basically a closed
vessel into which water is
heated until the water is
converted into steam at
required pressure.

4. Working principle of boiler
 The basic working principle of boiler is very
simple and easy to understand. The boiler is
essentially a closed vessel inside which water is
stored. Fuel (generally coal) is bunt in a furnace
and hot gasses are produced. These hot gasses
come in contact with water vessel where the heat
of these hot gases transfer to the water and
consequently steam is produced in the boiler.

6. PARTS OF BOILER
 BOILER VESSEL: used to produce steam.
 STEAM LINE: used to transfer steam where it is
utilized.
 STOP VALVE: To increase the pressure inside the
vessel.
 FLAME: To give heat to the boiler.
 VENT: Use to fill combustion air.
 PRESSURE GAGE: To measure the pressure.

7. If we increase more and more heat in the boiler the
pressure will increase up to target level that is 100 PSIG .
We have two option to control the pressure .
 No further heat is added . If we do this pressure will
start decreasing
unless we provide 100% insulation
 Open the stop valve.

8. Further to maintain
the water level inside
the boiler we add
FEED WATER. The
pressure of feed water
is higher than boiler
operating pressure.

9. TYPE OF BOILER
FIRE TUBE BOILER
WATER TUBE BOILER

10. FIRE TUBE BOILER

11. FIRE TUBE BOILER
 The fire tube boiler consists of numbers of
tubes through which hot gasses are passed.
These hot gas tubes are immersed into water,
in a closed vessel. Actually in fire tube boiler
one closed vessel or shell contains water,
through which hot tubes are passed. These fire
tubes or hot gas tubes heated up the water
and convert the water into steam .

12. LOCOMOTIVE BOILER
(FIRE TUBE BOILER)

13. LOCOMOTIVE BOILER
Locomotive boiler is a horizontal drum axis,
multi-tubular, natural circulation, artificial draft,
forced circulation, mobile, medium pressure,
solid fuel fired fire tube boiler with internally
fired furnace.
 It is used in railway locomotive engines and in
marine.

15. 1. Fire hole: It is a hole provided at the rear end of the boiler. The solid fuel is
inserted and ignited into the furnace through this hole.
2. Fire box: It is a box in which the burning of the fuel takes place.
3. Grate: Grate is a platform on which the solid fuel is kept and burnt.
4. Fire brick arch: It is a brick arch placed inclined over the grate. It prevents the
entry of the ash, dust and burnt fuel particles into the fire tubes. It provides a
to the hot flue gases to travel a definite path before entering into the fire tubes
the boiler.
5. Boiler tubes: They are the fire tubes through which the hot flue gases passes
and exchange the heat with surrounding water.
6. Smoke box: According to its name, it is a box in which the smoke of the burnt
fuel after passing through the fire tubes gets collected. From there it is
in the environment by the chimney.

16. 7. Blast pipe: It is pipe provided above the steam engine. The exhaust steam
passes through this blast pipe. It is used to create the artificial draft that
pushes the smoke out through the chimney and creates suction for the hot
flue gases. The suction created allows the hot flue gases to move forward
through the fire tubes.
8. Steam pipe: It is a pipe through which the steam passes. We have two
steam pipes; one is main steam pipe present in between the superheater
header and dome. And second one is that which connects the superheater
exit end to the steam engine.
9. Superheater: It superheats the steam to the desired temperature before
entering into the cylinder of the steam engine.
10. Super heater element pipes: These are the pipes of superheater through
which the steam travels and gets superheated.

17. 11. Dome: It is present at the top and contains the regulator for regulating
the steam produced through the steam pipe.
12. Regulator valve: It is a valve that regulates the steam through main steam
pipe for superheating.
13. Safety valve: It is used to maintain the safe working steam pressure in
locomotive boiler. It blows off steam when the pressure of the steam
increases above safety level and prevents blasting of the boiler.
14. Superheater header: It is the head of the superheater which accepts the
steam form the steam pipe.
15. Chimney: It is used to throw out the exhaust smoke and gases to the
environment. The length of the chimney is very small in this boiler.

18. Animation related
to
locomotive boiler

20. Advantages
 It is portable.
 It is capable of meeting sudden and fluctuating
demands of steam.
 It is cost effective boiler.
 It has high steam generation rate.
 It is compact in size and its operation is easy.

21. Disadvantages
 It faces the problems of corrosion and scale
formation.
 Unable to work under heavy load conditions
because of overheating problems.
 Some of its water space are difficult to clean.

22. Boiler made at chittaranjan work
in india
 Barrel diameter 2.095 m
 Length of barrel 5.206m
 Size of tube (super heater) 14 cm
 No. of super heater tubes 38
 Size of ordinary tubes 5.72 cm
 No. of ordinary tube 116
 Steam capacity 9000kg/h
 Working pressure 14 bar
 Efficiency 70%

23. WATER TUBE BOILER

24. Water tube boiler
 A water tube boiler is such kind
of boiler where the water is heated inside
tubes and the hot gasses surround them. This
is the basic definition of water tube boiler.
Actually this boiler is just opposite of fire tube
boiler where hot gasses are passed through
tubes which are surrounded by water.

27. Blockage in water tube

28. Stream drum

31. Super heater

33. Blockage in super heater

35. Babcock and Wilcox boiler
(water tube boiler)

36. Babcock and Wilcox boiler
Babcock and Wilcox boiler is a natural
circulation, externally fired medium pressure,
stationary horizontal water tube boiler in which
water is flow in the inclined tubes. The furnace is
located outside of the drum.

38. Parts of boiler
1. Drum: It is horizontal axis drum which contains water and steam.
2. Down Take Header: It is present at rear end of the boiler and connects the
water tubes to the rear end of the drum. It receives water from the drum.
3. Up Take Header: it is present at front end of the boiler and connected to
the front end of the drum. It transports the steam from the water tubes to the
drum.
4. Water Tubes: They are the tubes in which water flows and gets converted
into steam. It exchanges the heat from the hot flue gases to the water. It is
inclined at angle of 10-15 degree with the horizontal direction. Due to its
inclination the water tubes do not completely filled with water and the water
and steam separated out easily

39. 5. Baffle Plates: Baffle plates are present in between water tubes
and it allows the zigzag motion of hot flue gases from the
furnace.
6. Fire Door: It is used to ignite the solid fuel in the furnace.
7. Grate: It is a base on which the burning of the solid fuel takes
place.
8. Mud Collector: It is present at the bottom of down take
header and used to collect the mud present in the water.
9. Feed Check Valve: it is used to fill water into the drum.
10. Damper: It regulates the flow of air in the boiler

40. Advantages
 Steam generation capacity is high.
 It is about 2000 to 40000 kg/hr. It occupies less space.
 Replacement of defective tubes is easy.
 It is the only boiler that is used to generate large quantity of
heat in power stations.
 The draught loss is minimum.
 Inspection of this types of boiler can be done anytime during
its working

41. Disadvantages
 High maintenance cost.
 It is not much suitable for impure and
sedimentary water.
 Continuously supply of feed water is required
for the working.

42. Thank you