Static Generator
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Static generators produce static electricity or electricity at high voltage and low current. They work by converting mechanical motion into an electric charge through methods like the Wimshurst machine which uses rotating glass plates to build up a charge, or the Van de Graaff generator which uses a moving belt to transport a charge. Static generators have applications like spray painting, photocopying, and electrostatic precipitators, but can also cause hazards like lightning, electric shock, or fires if not properly managed.
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The document describes two types of electrostatic generators: the Wimshurst machine and the Van der Graaf generator. The Wimshurst machine uses two plastic discs that generate static electricity through friction as they spin, storing opposite charges in two Leyden jars. The Van der Graaf generator uses a motorized rubber belt to continuously charge a hollow metal sphere to very high voltages through induction, causing sparks to form when objects touch the sphere.
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As the belt passes in front of the lower comb, it receives negative charge that escapes from its points due to the influence of the electric field around the lower pulley, that ionizes the air at the points. As the belt touches the upper roller (3), it transfers some electrons, leaving the roller with a negative charge (if it is insulated from the terminal), which added to the negative charge in the belt generates enough electric field to ionize the air at the points of the upper comb. Electrons then leak from the belt to the upper comb and to the terminal, leaving the belt positively charged as it returns down and the terminal negatively charged. The sphere shields the upper roller and comb from the electric field generated by charges that accumulate at the outer surface of it, causing the discharge and change of polarity of the belt at the upper roller to occur practically as if the terminal were grounded. As the belt continues to move, a constant charging current travels via the belt, and the sphere continues to accumulate negative charge until the rate that charge is being lost (through leakage and corona discharges) equals the charging current...............The larger the sphere and the farther it is from ground, the higher will be its final potential.
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Electric motors and generators operate based on the principles of electromagnetic induction. Motors convert electrical energy to mechanical motion, while generators convert mechanical motion to electrical energy. They both work by using magnetic fields to exert forces on electric currents or moving charges. The direction of these forces causes rotation, which is then harnessed to power other devices or generate electricity from mechanical inputs. Back-EMF is a reaction force that ensures conservation of energy during these conversions between electrical and mechanical domains. The efficiency of motors and generators depends on factors like resistance, friction, and how well the device's geometry maximizes the electromagnetic forces involved.
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Static Generator
- 1. Static Generator Hasnain Nazir 13-EE-60 Objectives What is Static Electricity What is Static Generator History of Static Generator Working of Static Generator Advantages and Disadvantages
- 2. Introduction: Static Electricity: It is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material. Charge remains until it is moved by electric current or discharge. Static Generator: It is an electromechanical generator that produces static electricity or electricity at high voltage and low continuous current.
- 3. History of Static Generator: Wimshurst Machine: Electrical device that can produces a high voltage by building up a charge of static electricity. They caused very good results and were frequently used to power X-ray tubes. Van-DeGraaff Generator: It is an advanced generator of induction type. The principle of this machine is to transport voltage by the aid of a tape made of isolating flexible material e.g. rubber
- 4. Working: These devices convert mechanical action into an electric charge, producing what is known as static electricity, like that generated when you rub a balloon on your hair, but in much greater amounts. Common Examples: Spray paint on automobiles, Photocopier
- 5. Advantages and Disadvantages: Advantages: Photocopy, Metallic painting, Electrostatic dust precipitators. Disadvantages: Lightning, Electric Shock, Fire in fuel tanks