States of matter 2010
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1. The document discusses states of matter and gas laws. It provides descriptions of solids, liquids, gases and plasmas, focusing on how particle movement differs between each state. 2. Gas laws including Boyle's law and Charles' law are introduced. Boyle's law states that for a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, volume and pressure are inversely related. Charles' law states that for a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure, volume and temperature are directly related. 3. Examples are given to demonstrate these gas laws, such as how the volume of balloons changes under differing pressures in Boyle's law experiment, and how bicycle tire pressure should be adjusted for temperature changes according to Charles' law.
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Like share盧comment and don't forget to subscribe
Boost your learning with Fundoo Tutor:- You will get
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The document discusses matter and chemical change. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter exists in different states - solid, liquid, and gas - which are determined by the motion and spacing of particles. Changes between states of matter involve adding or removing heat. Chemical and physical properties are also discussed, where chemical changes alter the chemical composition and physical changes do not. The document provides examples of physical and chemical properties and changes. Classifying matter as elements, compounds, or mixtures is also covered.
Unit b matter and chemical change notes
The document discusses matter and chemical change. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter exists in different states - solid, liquid, and gas - which are determined by the motion and spacing of particles. Changes between states of matter involve adding or removing heat. Chemical and physical properties are also discussed, where chemical changes alter the chemical composition and physical changes do not. The document provides examples of physical and chemical properties and changes. Classifying matter as elements, compounds, or mixtures is also covered.
Chemical Reactions
The document discusses various topics relating to chemistry including chemical reactions, the periodic table, chemical bonding, and reaction rates. It provides definitions and explanations of key terms and concepts. Examples are given to illustrate different types of chemical reactions like synthesis, decomposition, combustion, and displacement reactions. Factors that affect reaction rates like concentration, temperature, surface area, and catalysts are also summarized.
Physical and Chemical Changes_Introduction.ppt
1. Physical changes alter a substance's physical properties like state of matter, shape, or size without changing its chemical composition. They include phase changes like melting, freezing, evaporation, and condensation caused by adding or removing energy.
2. Chemical changes create new substances with different chemical compositions through chemical reactions. Signs include fizzing, color changes, heat/light production, odor, and precipitate formation. Examples are burning, cooking, rusting, and combining baking soda and vinegar.
3. Phase changes between solids, liquids, and gases that do not alter chemical makeup, like melting ice or evaporating water, are physical not chemical changes.
Chapt 1 kpt of solids, liquids & gases (1)
This document describes the kinetic particle theory and the changes of state between solids, liquids, and gases. It explains that all matter is made of particles in constant motion. In solids, particles are packed closely together in a fixed pattern, in liquids they are more loosely packed but still in contact, and in gases they are far apart with little attraction. Changes between these states, like melting, boiling, condensation, and freezing occur when heating or cooling causes particles to gain or lose energy and change their motion and arrangement. The document provides detailed explanations of each state and phase change using the kinetic particle theory model.
STRAND 1 MIXTURES ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS.pptx
This document discusses elements, compounds, and their properties. It defines elements as pure substances made of one type of atom, while compounds are formed by combining two or more elements. Some common elements and their symbols are listed, such as hydrogen (H), carbon (C), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N). Everyday applications of common elements like nitrogen, aluminum, gold, copper, oxygen, and hydrogen are described.
Matter in our Surroundings || Class 9 || NCERT
To download click the following link to my youtube page
https://youtu.be/eV_AFEhF8p4
Matter in our Surroundings || Class 9 || NCERT || Chemistry
Bc sci8 topic2.3.ppt kmt
The document discusses the states of matter and the kinetic molecular theory. It introduces the three common states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas - and explains their properties based on how the particles that make up matter move and interact. It describes how changes between states occur when particles gain or lose enough energy to change their motion. The kinetic molecular theory proposes that all matter is made of particles in constant motion, and explains a variety of physical phenomena based on the motion and interaction of these particles.
Matter in our surroundings
From NCERT CH-1
Contains info about-
-matter
-Evaporation
-Change of states of matter
-Boiling point and melting point
-Latent Heat of Fusion And Vaporisation
-Q and A
Change of state
During a change of state, the motion and arrangement of a substance's particles change as it gains or loses energy from its surroundings. The three main states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas - can change between each other. Freezing and melting occur between solids and liquids as particles slow down or speed up. Evaporation, boiling, condensation change between liquids and gases as particles escape or are attracted together. Sublimation and deposition change directly between solids and gases. Mass and identity are conserved during state changes.
1. introduction to general chemistry.pptx
This document provides an introduction to general chemistry concepts. It begins with defining chemistry and discussing its branches, including analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, organic chemistry, and inorganic chemistry. It then discusses the importance of chemistry for nurses, focusing on understanding drug composition and properties, diagnosis, disease mechanisms, and sterilization. The document also defines matter and the three states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas. It provides examples and descriptions of the properties and changes between each state. Finally, it classifies matter as either pure substances like elements and compounds, or impure substances like mixtures, and provides brief definitions of each.
Matter
The document discusses the classification and properties of matter. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space, and classifies matter as solids, liquids, or gases based on its physical properties. It explains that all matter is made of very tiny particles that are in continuous motion, and the properties of the three states depend on factors like the spaces between particles, the forces of attraction between them, and their movement. It also describes various changes of state that occur with changes in temperature or pressure, such as melting, boiling, condensation, and sublimation.
Similar to States of matter 2010 (20)
Phase Changes and the Particle Theory of Matter.ppt
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Measurement 2011
Make any changes or
additions you think would
improve it.
2. Share your graphic organizer
with a partner and have them
provide feedback. Make any
final changes based on the
feedback.
Heat notes abbreviated
Fossil fuels are nonrenewable sources of energy that were formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals. They get their energy from the sun, which was originally stored by organisms that lived millions of years ago. Common examples of fossil fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas. This document also discusses temperature, thermal energy, and different temperature scales including Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin, noting that Kelvin scale defines absolute zero as the lowest possible temperature.
Energy types
Here are the steps to solve the roller coaster energy problems:
1. PE at point A = mgh = (20 kg)(10 m/s^2)(250 m) = 50,000 J
2. KE at point A = 0 J (velocity is 0 m/s at the top)
3. ME at point A = PE + KE = 50,000 J + 0 J = 50,000 J
4. KE at point B = 1/2mv^2 = 1/2(20 kg)(200 m/s)^2 = 40,000 J
5. ME at point C = ME is conserved. ME at point A was 50,000 J.
6. PE at
What is energy2010
1. Energy is the ability to do work or cause change. Work is done when a force causes an object to move, and is measured in Joules.
2. Kinetic energy depends on an object's mass and speed, and is calculated as KE=1/2mv^2. Potential energy depends on an object's mass and height, and is calculated as PE=mgh.
3. Mechanical energy is the total of an object's kinetic and potential energies, or ME=KE+PE. As an object moves, its kinetic energy increases as its potential energy decreases, keeping the total mechanical energy constant.
Intro to Energy
The document discusses energy and how it was used in the past compared to today. It prompts the reader to list what they know about energy and what they want to learn. It then asks the reader to define energy and provide 10 everyday ways they use energy. The document discusses how ancestors lived without modern conveniences like light bulbs, cars, and air conditioners. It prompts the reader to think about whether ancestors required energy in their daily activities. The reader is then asked to read a story about life 100 years ago and discuss differences in energy usage between the past and present. Finally, the document prompts the reader to draw an illustration showing the relationship between energy and work and explain their drawing.
Vertebrates review chart
Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish are the five classes of vertebrates. Mammals are warm-blooded and nurse their young, while birds are also warm-blooded but lay eggs. Reptiles, amphibians, and fish are cold-blooded and many reproduce by laying eggs, though some amphibians hatch as larvae.
Frog conclusion
Frogs are amphibians that undergo metamorphosis from tadpole to adult. They have bilateral symmetry with internal organs and systems that allow for movement on land or water. A frog's form and functions, such as its ability to leap and catch insects, are well-suited to its environment and lifestyle.
Mammals notes
Birds and reptiles can be compared and contrasted using a Venn diagram. Some key differences are that birds are endothermic and have feathers for insulation, while reptiles are ectothermic and have scales. Both lay eggs but birds care for their young after hatching while most reptiles do not provide parental care.
Bird notes
Birds have adaptations for flight including feathers and hollow, lightweight bones. They lay amniotic eggs and maintain a high body temperature through endothermy, panting to cool off and eating frequently. Birds also have a four-chambered heart and double-looped circulatory system.
Reptile notes
This document discusses the characteristics and adaptations of reptiles. It notes that reptiles and amphibians both share characteristics with chordates. Reptiles have developed adaptations to live on land such as dry scales, thick skin, and amniotic eggs to prevent water loss. Their circulatory system includes a three-chambered heart and double-looped circulatory system. Reptiles are ectothermic and must rely on external heat sources to regulate their body temperature.
Reptile and bird notes
Fish and amphibians share characteristics with all chordates, such as having a notochord and dorsal nerve cord. Reptiles evolved adaptations like scales, thick skin, and amniotic eggs to prevent water loss and live on land. Reptiles have three-chambered hearts and double-looped circulatory systems, and are ectothermic, maintaining their body temperature through their surroundings. Birds further adapted for land with feathers for flight, thin hollow bones, and the ability to regulate their own high body temperatures through panting and a high metabolism.
Frog dissection pictures and diagrams
Frog dissection is a common biology lab activity where students examine the internal anatomy of frogs. The purpose is for students to learn frog anatomy through direct observation of organs like the heart, lungs, stomach and intestines. This document likely contains diagrams and pictures to help guide students through the dissection process and identify internal structures.
Fish notes
1. Vertebrates share four key characteristics: a notochord, hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal gill pouches, and a tail.
2. Fish are the largest and simplest group of vertebrates. They are ectothermic, have fins and scales, and a lateral line.
3. Fish have a closed circulatory system with two heart chambers that pumps blood to the gills and body for gas exchange.
Crayfish conclusion
Crayfish are advanced arthropods that belong to the phylum Arthropoda. They have a segmented body adapted for movement, digestion, and survival. Their form fits their function, with organs and symmetry suited to their lifestyle in waterways.
Crayfish dissection diagrams
This document contains diagrams and descriptions of the external and internal anatomy of a crayfish. It identifies and describes key external structures like the cephalothorax, abdomen, appendages, eyes and sensory organs. Internally, it outlines the location of organs like the heart, hepatopancreas gland, stomach and nerve cord. Descriptions are provided of both male and female reproductive structures and swimming appendages.
Arthropoda & echinodermata notes
Arthropods are the most successful group of animals on Earth, making up over 75% of all animal life. They have a segmented body, jointed appendages, a hard exoskeleton that many molt to shed and grow, and undergo complete metamorphosis from egg to adult. Arthropods have bilateral symmetry, organs and systems, eat a wide variety of foods, and reproduce sexually. They are found globally in nearly all environments.
Molluska & annelida notes
The document provides information about mollusks and annelids. It notes that mollusks are one of the most diverse animal groups, have a radula and live in various habitats. Their body plans include bivalves, gastropods and cephalopods. Annelids are segmented worms that fertilize soil, have a closed circulatory system and brain, and move by creeping along using muscles.
Porifera cnidariannotes
This document provides information about sponges and cnidarians. It discusses their defining characteristics, including that sponges filter feed without a digestive system, have skeletons made of spicules or spongin, and can reproduce asexually through budding. It also notes that cnidarians have radial symmetry, prey on other organisms using stinging cells called cnidocytes, and can reproduce both sexually and asexually through budding. The document compares and contrasts these two early animal phyla.
Animal intro
The document provides instructions for students to complete tasks related to a new textbook including putting their name on the cover, filling out a form, and working on a packet. It then discusses the characteristics that all animals share such as being multicellular, reproducing sexually, developing from embryos, having specialized organs, and ability to move. Students are asked to choose an animal and explain why it is an animal by using the characteristics without directly stating the underlined words.
Chapter3 4 notes 09
The document discusses the three main types of matter - elements, compounds, and mixtures. It provides examples and properties of each type, including that elements are made of only one type of atom, compounds are made of two or more elements chemically bonded together, and mixtures maintain the properties of their components and can be separated physically. Various experiments and demonstrations are also described to distinguish between chemical and physical changes and different states of matter.
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States of matter 2010
- 1. 1. Is it a chemical or physical change when you make scrambled eggs? Why? 2.If I mix baking soda with vinegar and a gas is produced, is that a chemical or physical change? Why?
- 2. Demos… (Before) Make some qualitative observations. What do you think will happen? Explain.
- 3. Demos… Make some qualitative observations. What happened? Explain.
- 4. Demos…
- 6. • Dip a Q-tip in the rubbing alcohol • Rub the Q-tip on the back of your hand • What observations can you make about this process?
- 7. 4 States of Matter • Chapter 2; Section 1
- 8. I. States of Matter • Physical form of a substance • 4 states of matter
- 9. Why does the air freshener smell up the entire room over time?
- 10. • Matter is made of atoms & molecules; They are ALWAYS moving • STATES OF MATTER= changes in Speed & attraction of the molecules
- 11. A. Solids • Definite shape and volume • Particles close together
- 12. • Strong attraction • Particles vibrate in place
- 13. 1.What ways are solids, liquids, and gases different?
- 14. B. Liquids • Change shape NOT volume • Take the shape of the container
- 15. • Molecules slide around • Difficult to squeeze together
- 16. Gels? • Liquids that have tiny solids suspended in them • Elastic properties
- 17. 1.Take out your Review Sheet 2.What are 2 things you learned in chapter 1? 3.What is 1 thing you don’t understand?
- 18. 1.How do molecules move in solids? 2.How do molecules move in liquids? 3.How tightly packed are the molecules in solids and liquids?
- 19. Demos…(After) Make some qualitative observations. What happened? Why?
- 20. Demos… What is happening in the flask? Why-is it a chemical change or a physical change? Explain.
- 21. • Drop 2 drops of food coloring into the flour on the plate • Put the clean toothpick into 1 drop • Put the toothpick dipped in soap into the other drop • What observations did you make?
- 22. 1. Surface Tension • Force causing liquids to form spherical drops
- 23. 2. Viscosity • Liquid’s resistance to flow
- 24. C. Gases • Change shape and volume • Move so fast they break apart
- 25. • Less attraction • Empty spaces
- 26. • What did you observe about the 2 containers? • Why did it take longer for the lid to pop off one of them?
- 27. 1. Pressure • Force on an area • Number of collisions of particles against the container
- 28. D. Plasmas • No definite shape or volume • Molecules are broken apart
- 29. • Conduct electricity; affected by electric and magnetic fields
- 30. 1.What are the properties that describe a liquid? 2.What are the properties that describe a gas?
- 31. II. Gas Laws • Gases show big volume changes • Based on pressure and temperature
- 32. A. Boyle’s Law • For a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas increases as its pressure decreases • Volume decreases as pressure increases
- 33. B o y l e ’ s O p p o s i t e P r e s s u r e If P then V If P then V
- 34. • Observe the balloons inside the beakers. • What do you notice happening to each? • Explain why one gets larger while one gets smaller.
- 35. B. Charles’s Law • For a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, volume increases as temperature increases • Also, volume decreases as temperature decreases
- 36. C h a r l e ’ s S a m e T e m p e r a t u r e If T then V If T then V
- 37. ????? • One of your friends over inflated the tires on their bicycle. Use Charles’s Law to explain why they should let out some of the air before going for a ride on a hot day.
- 38. 1.What does Boyle’s Law mean? 2.Why does volume increase when you decrease pressure?
- 39. The Can Crusher • Observe the experiment. • Why did the can crush??????
- 40. Hmm… • Why does popcorn pop?
- 41. Recap…
- 42. 1.What can you observe about the 2 experiments? 2.Explain what is actually happening to cause each.