4. What is Matter made up of? Part (a) Matter is made up of ATOMS! Atoms are little bits too small for us to see. They are so tiny you can’t break them down further.
5. What is Matter made up of? Part (a) Matter is made up of very small things. These things can be broken down into smaller… and smaller… and smaller pieces.
6. What is Matter made up of? Part (a) John Dalton (1766 – 1844) English Chemist Matter is made up of small individual particles. These particles are like solid balls.
7. What is Matter made up of? Part (a) Robert Brown (1773 – 1858) Scottish Scientist Pollen grains floating on water are moving about. It seems that matter is not only made up of small particles, the particles are constantly moving.
8. What is Matter made up of? Part (a) Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955) German-born American Physicist Pollen grains are moving about because they are being bombarded by smaller, moving water particles. Not because they can move by themselves.
10. What is Matter made up of? Part (a) Hockey Puck Ball Bearings
11. The Particulate Model of Matter suggests that: 1. All matter is made up of small discrete particles . 2. The small discrete particles are in constant and random motion. What is Matter made up of? Part (a) * Discrete – individually separate and distinct.
12. Part (b) In terms of Particulate Model of Matter… The 3 states of matter
25. Part (c) In terms of Particulate Model of Matter… What happens during phase change?
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31. Part (c) Interaction - > Forces between particles are being overcome. Collapse of molecular structure -> Particles lose their fixed, regular arrangement . State of matter - > Solid & Liquid states exist at the same time . Temperature stays constant - > Energy is absorbed to break bonds, not to increase internal energy of substance.
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33. Part (c) Formation of molecular structure -> Particles arrange themselves in fixed, regular arrangement . State of matter - > Solid & Liquid states exist at the same time . Temperature stays constant - > Energy is given out to form bonds. Interaction - > Attractive forces increase between particles
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36. Part (c) Interaction - > Forces between particles are being overcome . Weak intermolecular forces between particles. Particle Behaviour-> Particles move randomly at high speeds . No fixed shape, no fixed volume. Fill up empty space quickly. State of matter - > Liquid & Gaseous states exist at the same time . Temperature stays constant - > Energy is absorbed to break bonds, not to increase internal energy of substance.
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41. Complete the following table to indicate the changes of states that take place and whether energy has to be absorbed or removed from the substance. Solid to Liquid Energy (heat) absorbed Liquid to Solid Energy (heat) removed Liquid to Gas Energy (heat) absorbed Part (c) Process Change of state Energy absorbed or removed? Melting Freezing Boiling
42. The melting points of the following substances are given in the table. What is the state of each of the substances at room temperature? LIQUID LIQUID or GAS SOLID Part (c) Substance Melting point State of substance at room temperature X 0 o C Y - 39 o C Z 1063 o C
