Hydro geology on the Sandstone Ridge. Workshop slides presented by Gordon Coombs of AMEC

2. Sandstone Ridge Trust
Hydrogeology Workshops
(3rd & 10th November 2014)
Gordon Coombs

3. Hydrogeology Workshop
Introduction
1) Aims of the Workshop
2) Introduction to Geology
3) Introduction to Hydrogeology
4) What’s on your Door-step?

4. Hydrogeology Workshop
Part 1
Introduction to Geology

5. Hydrogeology Workshop
Introduction to Geology (1)
1. The Rocks
• Igneous (granite, basalt etc)
• Sedimentary
• Metamorphic (marble, quartzite, schist, gneiss etc)
2. Sedimentary Rocks/Deposits
– Solid/Bedrock
– Drift and superficial (unconsolidated)
– Bedding
Examples:

6. Hydrogeology Workshop
Introduction to Geology (2)
Sedimentary deposits of particular relevance to Sandstone Ridge area (green/underlined).
Solid or Bedrock Drift (glacial) and superficial (recent)
Mudstone; shale; marl; clay Clay; Boulder Clay, Glacial Till,
Siltstone Glacial Silts
Sandstone Glacial Sands and Gravel
Conglomerate/breccias Blown Sands
Limestone, Dolomite, Chalk River Terrace Deposits (sand and gravel)
Evaporites (halite, gypsum, anhydrite) Peat
Coal Alluvium

7. Hydrogeology Workshop
Introduction to Geology (3)
3. Deposition and Bedding
• Sediment accumulates mainly from:
– Settlement; or
– Precipitation; or
– Evaporation
• Laid down in water or air as ‘beds’, separated by:
– Interruptions to sediment influx; or
– Sudden influxes of sediment.
• In various environments:
– Marine/Estuarine/Beach;
– Fluvial/Rivers;
– Lakes;
– Desert/wind-blown;
– Glacial.

8. Hydrogeology Workshop
Introduction to Geology (4)
4. Structure
– Dip (angle of inclination of strata/beds)
– Folds and folding
• Anticline
• Syncline
– Faults and faulting
• Normal (extension)
• Reverse/Thrust (compression)
• Tear/Wrench/Transverse (lateral) -
A
B
C
C
B
A
D
E
F
F
E
D

9. Hydrogeology Workshop
Geological History (1)
Where to begin?
Let’s start with the formation of.........
PANGAEA!

10. Hydrogeology Workshop
Geological History (2)
Higher ground develops as continents come
together