I spent 7 weeks individually mapping an area of 14Km2. Strath lies on the eastern periphery of the Cuillin centre, and contains exposure of formations from Pre-Cambrian Torridonian sediments, to Palaeogene Igneous complexes.
I carried out geological field mapping, whilst conducting research to study the composition and origin of the formations. This poster was submitted with a separate report.
The project has stimulated my curiosity in structural geology, particularly faulting and folding. I observed a fascinating uncomfortable relationship between tertiary igneous intrusions and Ordovician carbonates.
Towards the coast are Jurassic Shales that allowed me to explore subsurface fluid flow and observe well preserved marine fossils.
I achieved a first-class grade for my dissertation.
I spent 7 weeks individually mapping an area of 14Km2. Strath lies on the eastern periphery of the Cuillin centre, and contains exposure of formations from Pre-Cambrian Torridonian sediments, to Palaeogene Igneous complexes.
I carried out geological field mapping, whilst conducting research to study the composition and origin of the formations. This poster was submitted with a separate report.
The project has stimulated my curiosity in structural geology, particularly faulting and folding. I observed a fascinating uncomfortable relationship between tertiary igneous intrusions and Ordovician carbonates.
Towards the coast are Jurassic Shales that allowed me to explore subsurface fluid flow and observe well preserved marine fossils.
I achieved a first-class grade for my dissertation.
A dissertation project in partial completion of Durham Universities Geology F600 Program with funding from Durham Universities Department of Earth Sciences. Fieldwork was carried out over a period of 6 weeks from the Oystercatcher House B&B, Raasay.
Plate tectonics, like crustal evolution, provides a basis for understanding the distribution and origin of mineral and energy deposits. Different types of ores are characterized by distinct geological environment and tectonic settings.
Gravity anomaly across reagional structuresAmit K. Mishra
Gravity Anomaly across continents and ocean, gravity anomaly across mid-oceanic ridges, gravity anomaly across orogenic belts, and gravity anomaly across subduction zones.
INTRODUCTION
The Indus Basin of Pakistan is divided into two parts i.e.
3
Lower Indus Basin and Upper Indus Basin. The Upper Indus
Basin is further divided by Sargodha high way into two parts.
Towards the east of the Sargodha highway in Potwar Plateau
and towards the west is Kohat Plateau. The region of the
North Punjab called as Potwar Plateau is bound in the South
by Salt range and in North by MBT as shown below.
A dissertation project in partial completion of Durham Universities Geology F600 Program with funding from Durham Universities Department of Earth Sciences. Fieldwork was carried out over a period of 6 weeks from the Oystercatcher House B&B, Raasay.
Plate tectonics, like crustal evolution, provides a basis for understanding the distribution and origin of mineral and energy deposits. Different types of ores are characterized by distinct geological environment and tectonic settings.
Gravity anomaly across reagional structuresAmit K. Mishra
Gravity Anomaly across continents and ocean, gravity anomaly across mid-oceanic ridges, gravity anomaly across orogenic belts, and gravity anomaly across subduction zones.
INTRODUCTION
The Indus Basin of Pakistan is divided into two parts i.e.
3
Lower Indus Basin and Upper Indus Basin. The Upper Indus
Basin is further divided by Sargodha high way into two parts.
Towards the east of the Sargodha highway in Potwar Plateau
and towards the west is Kohat Plateau. The region of the
North Punjab called as Potwar Plateau is bound in the South
by Salt range and in North by MBT as shown below.
In this presentation we discuss cobalt crusts, its classification, Occurrence and Distribution, Formation, Texture, Mineralogy, Scope for future mining and exploration.
Kutch is an East-west Oriented pericraton Rift basin Situated between Nagar Parkar Fault in North and Kathiawar Uplift in South.
Here we will discuss Geology and its Sequence Stratigraphy.
Kutch Basin Sequence Stratigraphy.
Kutch is an east-west oriented pericratonic basin comprising of rocks ranging from Mesozoic to Cenozoic.
Kutch Basin experienced various phases of marine Transgression and Regression throughout its Geological History.
for More Information email at ravgou39@gmail.com
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
1. D) Stratigraphic
Column
PrecambrianCambrianOrdovician
Triassic
(Late)
Jurassic(Early)
W E
Approximate Geologic Period
Scale 1:2000
Unconformity
Unconformity
AA*
Quartzite*
T3
T2
T1
LB
AnLL
BRFm
SSFm
20m
Intrusive Igneous
Rocks
Basalt
Porphyritic
Basalt
Gabbro
Granite
Microgranite
Dolerite
D
D
Porphyritic
Andesite
P
Suisnish Shale Fm (SSFm)
Micaceous shale with calcarenite
Boreraig Fm (BRFm)
Bioclastic calcarenite with shale
Allt nan Leac Limestone (AnLL)
Micritc limestone with rare blocky, white
limestone beds at the base
Camas Malag Dolostone Fm
(CMDL)
Dolostone T1
Dark grey chert nodules
Dolostone T2
White biogenic nodules
Dolostone T3
Dark chert bands, often marbleised
Quartzite
Arkosic Arenite
Lithologies
Lime Breccia
SuisnishShaleFormationBoreraigFormationAlltnanLeacLimestoneLimeBrecciaCMDLT3CMDLT2CMDLT1
E) Generalised Sedimentary Log
A) Locality Map of Strath
4 km
Locality Maps: 1. Scotland; 2. Isle of Skye; 3. An aerial view of the study area, Strath. Torrin is located with the
red pin. Top of the page points to north.
Context
The Isle of Skye is the largest single
landmass in the Inner Hebrides. It is
accessed by a roadbridge from Kyle of
Lochalsh on the Scottish mainland. The
village of Torrin, situated approximately 7
miles west of Broadford, was chosen as the
base for the mapping project. It is relatively
close to common amenities at Broadford and
is also very convenient for the study
location at Strath (highlighted).
Strath is located at the southern-most tip
of Torrin. It covers an area south from the
Broadford-Elgol road to the hamlet of
Suisnish, on the north coast of Loch Eishort,
and east from Loch Slapin to Kilchrist.
A total of six weeks was spent mapping,
from 5th July to 14th August 2015. During
this time aprroximately 10km2
was studied.
Regional Geology
The study area is approximately 20miles to
the west of the Moine thrust front and lies
on the very eastern edge of the Skye Cuillin
centre. The Moine thrust cuts a NE-SW
trend along the Sleat Peninsula, south-east
Skye. The Cuillin centre represents one of a
number of Paleogene igneous central
complexes in the Hebrides. It is dominated
by mafic gabbros however granitic outliers
are present such as the Eastern Red Hills,
which lie ~1km to the north of the mapped
area. These igneous suites were intruded
into thick sequences of Triassic-Jurassic
sediments, which were themselves deposited
on top of Cambro-Ordovician basement.
Facies:
1. Terrigenous
2. Lagoonal
3. Intertidal
4. Reef
5. Foreshore
6. Open Shelf
7. Basinal
Dolomite
Breccia
Limestone
Mudstone/Shale
Sandstone
Key Trans.
Regress.
Lithologies:
Scale 1:10000
C) Geological Cross Section: Transect Line "A-B-C"
? ? ?
?
??
????
?
?
?
?
?
?
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U
B C~22m vertical offset at the intersection with
strike-slip fault400
200
0
-200
-400
400
200
0
-200
-400
Elevation(metres)
Elevation(metres)
A
Intrusive Igneous
Rocks
Basalt
Porphoritic
Basalt
Gabbro
Granite
Microgranite
Dolerite
D
D
Porphoritic
Andesite
P
Suisnish Shale Fm (SSFm)
Micaceous shale with calcarenite
Boreraig Fm (BRFm)
Bioclastic calcarenite with shale
Allt nan Leac Limestone (ANLL)
Micritc limestone with rare blocky, white
limestone beds
Camas Malag Dolostone Fm
(CMDL)
Dolostone T1
Dark grey chert nodules
Dolostone T2
White biogenic nodules
Dolostone T3
Dark chert bands, often marbleised
Quartzite
Arkosic Arenite
Lithologies
Key
Abreviations
B Boudinaged (Dykes)
Structural
21
Inclined Strata
Vertical Strata
Horizontal Strata
82 Inclined Joint
Vertical Joint
Thrust; barbs on hanging
wall
Break in Slope;
arrowheads denote uphill side
Strike Slip; sinistral motion
Strike Slip; dextral motion
Boundaries
Geological Boundary
Lime Breccia
Intrusive Igneous
Rocks
Basalt
Porphoritic
Basalt
Gabbro
Granite
Microgranite
Dolerite
D
D
Porphoritic
Andesite
P
Suisnish Shale Fm (SSFm)
Micaceous shale with calcarenite
Boreraig Fm (BRFm)
Bioclastic calcarenite with shale
Allt nan Leac Limestone (ANLL)
Micritc limestone with rare blocky, white
limestone beds
Camas Malag Dolostone Fm
(CMDL)
Dolostone T1
Dark grey chert nodules
Dolostone T2
White biogenic nodules
Dolostone T3
Dark chert bands, often marbleised
Quartzite
Arkosic Arenite
Lithologies
Key
Abreviations
B Boudinaged (Dykes)
Structural
21
Inclined Strata
Vertical Strata
Horizontal Strata
82 Inclined Joint
Vertical Joint
Thrust; barbs on hanging
wall
Break in Slope;
arrowheads denote uphill side
Strike Slip; sinistral motion
Strike Slip; dextral motion
Boundaries
Geological Boundary
Lime Breccia
B) Solid Rock Geological Map Of Strath
0 250 500 1000
Metres
Scale 1:10000
Loch Eishort
N
60
Dykes are not to scale and are
representative of the relative
abundance. Some have been
omitted.
Magnetic declination:
-4° 4'
Figure 1: Stereonet diagram showing
the overall SW dip of the bedding
across the region. The inclination of the
beds tends to increase along a S-N
traverse. The Broadford anticline is
manifested in the northward dipping
dolostone beds. Bedding planes are
coloured according to lithology. The
Camas Malag Dolostone is plotted as
one lithology. Arkosic Arenite and
Quartzite bedding data are excluded.
N= 260.
Loch Slapin
80
80
80
7878
80
74
79
68
80
79
77
80
70 84
82
81
52
76
78
82
7260
70
64
86
83
75
25
46
69
40
27
20
56
3424
45 58
55
44
20
19
21
16
21
19 20
19
17
14
10
15
18
66
5
5
10
8
4
44
6
62
76
66
83
88
80
38
76
37
25
26
18
60
5656 22
26` 14
24
65 41
87
1616 22
38
60
82
56
65
74
63
65
BD
B
B
D
D
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
A
B
C
Key
Abreviations
B Boudinaged (Dykes)
Structural
21
Inclined Strata
Vertical Strata
Horizontal Strata
82 Inclined Joint
Vertical Joint
Thrust; barbs on hanging
wall
Break in Slope;
arrowheads denote uphill side
Strike Slip; sinistral motion
Strike Slip; dextral motion
Boundaries
Observed Geological
Boundary
Inferred Geological
Boundary
*approximateminimumthickness;nolowerboundobserved
GEOLOGICAL MAP OF STRATH, ISLE OF SKYE
Christian Garvey | Department of Earth Sciences | Durham University
July/August 2015
