علاج الاسهال عند الكبار والاطفال بالاعشاب والادوية والاسباب والمضاعفاتashrafmostafahammam
يعتبر الاسهال عرض وليس مرض فهو لا يجب ان ننظر اليه على انه حالة
مرضية فى حد ذاتها لان الاسهال يكون مرتبط بسبب مرضى سواء عدوى
بكتيرية , فيروسية ,طفيليات او نتيجة لخلل وظيفى فى الجهاز الهضمى سوف
نتعرف على الاسباب بالتفصيل فيما بعد .
رابط الموضوع
http://www.ar-only4men.com/mens-health/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF-
%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84.html
This document summarizes pox disease in sheep and goats. It is a highly contagious viral disease with a high mortality rate, especially in lambs and kids under 4 months old. Clinical signs include fever, depression, anorexia, salivation, and pox lesions that develop on the skin from spots to papules, vesicles, pustules, and scabs. Treatment involves antibiotics, supportive care like fluids and fever medication, and local antiseptics. Vaccination with a live attenuated vaccine provides one year of protection when given to animals over 2 months old.
This document discusses lung worm infestation, a disease of ruminants and equine caused by various worm species. The clinical signs include severe breathing difficulties, coughing and mucus discharge containing adult worms or larvae. Treatment involves administering broad spectrum anthelmintics like ivermectin, antihistamines, antibiotics to prevent secondary infections, and vitamins.
Rabies is a fatal disease transmitted through the saliva of infected animals that causes neurological symptoms such as self-mutilation, paralysis, and aggression. It can affect all warm-blooded animals. The document outlines the clinical signs and stages of rabies including a prodromal phase of isolation, an excitative phase with hyperesthesia and biting, and a paralytic phase with drooping facial features and paralysis. There is no treatment after symptoms appear, but vaccination with live attenuated or inactivated vaccines can prevent the disease.
علاج الاسهال عند الكبار والاطفال بالاعشاب والادوية والاسباب والمضاعفاتashrafmostafahammam
يعتبر الاسهال عرض وليس مرض فهو لا يجب ان ننظر اليه على انه حالة
مرضية فى حد ذاتها لان الاسهال يكون مرتبط بسبب مرضى سواء عدوى
بكتيرية , فيروسية ,طفيليات او نتيجة لخلل وظيفى فى الجهاز الهضمى سوف
نتعرف على الاسباب بالتفصيل فيما بعد .
رابط الموضوع
http://www.ar-only4men.com/mens-health/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF-
%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84.html
This document summarizes pox disease in sheep and goats. It is a highly contagious viral disease with a high mortality rate, especially in lambs and kids under 4 months old. Clinical signs include fever, depression, anorexia, salivation, and pox lesions that develop on the skin from spots to papules, vesicles, pustules, and scabs. Treatment involves antibiotics, supportive care like fluids and fever medication, and local antiseptics. Vaccination with a live attenuated vaccine provides one year of protection when given to animals over 2 months old.
This document discusses lung worm infestation, a disease of ruminants and equine caused by various worm species. The clinical signs include severe breathing difficulties, coughing and mucus discharge containing adult worms or larvae. Treatment involves administering broad spectrum anthelmintics like ivermectin, antihistamines, antibiotics to prevent secondary infections, and vitamins.
Rabies is a fatal disease transmitted through the saliva of infected animals that causes neurological symptoms such as self-mutilation, paralysis, and aggression. It can affect all warm-blooded animals. The document outlines the clinical signs and stages of rabies including a prodromal phase of isolation, an excitative phase with hyperesthesia and biting, and a paralytic phase with drooping facial features and paralysis. There is no treatment after symptoms appear, but vaccination with live attenuated or inactivated vaccines can prevent the disease.
This document describes bovine ephemeral fever, an infectious viral disease of cattle characterized by sudden onset of fever, stiffness, lameness, muscle tremors and shivering, with rapid spontaneous recovery. Clinical findings include fever, anorexia, muscle weakness, shivering, lameness, and stiffness on the first day, with fever subsiding and lameness persisting for 2-3 days on the third day. Treatment involves intramuscular injections of streptomycin twice daily or intravenous injections of panterramycine, along with analgesics, corticosteroids, and glucose infusions.
Circular scaly areas of hair loss with or without crusts form on the face, ears, neck, and trunk of sheep and goats. Clinical signs include circular alopecia lesions 1-5 cm in diameter distributed around the eyes, ears, muzzle and neck. Treatment involves removing crusts and applying 7% tincture of iodine or 5% iodine ointment topically. Systemic sodium iodide injections of 100 mg/kg body weight every week for three weeks can also be used, except in pregnant animals.
This document provides information about influenza viruses, including:
1) Influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and infect hosts through respiratory and digestive tracts. They are single-stranded RNA viruses that are unstable and mutate frequently.
2) Influenza virus type A is further classified based on pathogenicity and includes highly, medium, and low pathogenic strains. Swine can be infected by multiple strains simultaneously and act as mixing vessels for genetic reassortment.
3) Influenza causes diseases in birds, swine, and humans. Avian influenza strains like H5N1 can cause severe disease in birds and occasionally infect humans. Swine influenza strains periodically infect
This document describes foot-and-mouth disease, an infectious viral disease that affects horses and cattle. The disease is characterized by the formation of vesicles or blisters in the mouth and on the feet. Clinical signs include vesicles on the tongue, lips, dental pad, udder, and teats as well as lameness, fever, depression, anorexia, and excessive salivation. The disease should be differentiated from other conditions that cause similar vesicular lesions as well as from pox and herpes viruses. Treatment is the same as for foot-and-mouth disease.
This document discusses avian parasitic diseases. It begins by outlining the economic importance of parasitic diseases in poultry, noting they can cause direct disease, transmit other pathogens, decrease production, and stunt growth. It then examines factors affecting incidence such as breed, age, season, nutrition, housing system, and management practices. The document categorizes parasitic diseases and describes various nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, protozoa, ectoparasites, and their lifecycles, transmission methods, clinical signs, treatment and more. In closing, it provides detailed information on several common parasitic infections in poultry.
Extensive fibrosis and distal edema were observed in the hind limbs of affected animals. Multiple nodules were also present in the trunk and shoulder region. The document describes a condition causing inflammation of subcutaneous lymphatic vessels, especially in the lower limbs of horses, donkeys, cattle, and buffaloes. Clinical signs include hot, painful swelling of limbs; lameness; discharge of creamy green pus from ruptured nodules; enlarged lymph nodes; and ulceration of the skin. Differential diagnoses include epizootic lymphangitis in horses and lumpy skin disease and skin tuberculosis in cattle and buffaloes. Recommended treatments include surgical evacuation of abscesses; local antiseptic and antibiotic treatment of
Viral diseases of aquatic birds. Dr Fares El-Khayatدكتور فارس الخياط
This document discusses several viral diseases that affect aquatic birds, including Duck Virus Hepatitis (DVH) and Duck Virus Enteritis (DVE). It provides information on the etiology, characteristics, transmission, clinical signs and lesions, diagnosis, and prevention/control methods for each disease. DVH is caused by one of three picornaviruses or an astrovirus and affects young ducklings, causing liver damage and hemorrhaging. DVE is caused by a herpesvirus and has a short course and high mortality in ducks, geese and swans. It can cause vascular and tissue damage as well as lesions in lymphoid organs. Both diseases are highly contagious and transmitted through direct
This document discusses avian viral and bacterial respiratory diseases. It mentions that viral diseases causing respiratory signs include avian influenza, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, infectious laryngotracheitis, and others. Bacterial diseases include infectious coryza, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, E. coli, fowl cholera, and others. It also briefly discusses fungal, parasitic, and nutritional respiratory diseases in birds. The document then focuses on influenza virus types A, B, and C as well as avian influenza subtypes. It provides details on H9N2 and H5N1 infections in poultry.
This document discusses Newcastle disease, a highly contagious and destructive viral disease of birds. It is caused by a paramyxovirus that can infect all bird species and some mammals. The virus exists in lentogenic, mesogenic, and velogenic pathogenic forms. Clinical signs vary depending on the strain but often include respiratory signs such as coughing as well as nervous signs such as tremors. The disease is transmitted through direct contact or contaminated feces, equipment, feed, and wild birds. Young birds are generally more severely affected. Vaccination is important for control of this economically important disease of poultry.
Revision of Poultry and Rabbits Biology Dr Fares El-Khayatدكتور فارس الخياط
This document provides information about poultry and rabbit biology. It begins by defining the differences between birds and poultry, noting that poultry refers to domesticated species like chickens, turkeys, and ducks. Rabbits are also included with poultry in Egypt even though they are mammals. The document then discusses the aims of poultry production, including meat and egg production. Several terms important to poultry are also defined.
Tables of poultry viral diseases Dr Fares El khayatدكتور فارس الخياط
This document summarizes 10 poultry diseases:
1. Newcastle disease, caused by paramyxovirus PMV-1, causes respiratory, nervous and digestive signs and lesions including hemorrhage and ulcers. Vaccination is important for prevention.
2. Viscerotropic velogenic ND causes sudden onset and rapid spread with facial swelling and eye/nose discharge.
3. Pigeon PMV1 causes neurological signs like tremors and paralysis.
This document describes bovine ephemeral fever, an infectious viral disease of cattle characterized by sudden onset of fever, stiffness, lameness, muscle tremors and shivering, with rapid spontaneous recovery. Clinical findings include fever, anorexia, muscle weakness, shivering, lameness, and stiffness on the first day, with fever subsiding and lameness persisting for 2-3 days on the third day. Treatment involves intramuscular injections of streptomycin twice daily or intravenous injections of panterramycine, along with analgesics, corticosteroids, and glucose infusions.
Circular scaly areas of hair loss with or without crusts form on the face, ears, neck, and trunk of sheep and goats. Clinical signs include circular alopecia lesions 1-5 cm in diameter distributed around the eyes, ears, muzzle and neck. Treatment involves removing crusts and applying 7% tincture of iodine or 5% iodine ointment topically. Systemic sodium iodide injections of 100 mg/kg body weight every week for three weeks can also be used, except in pregnant animals.
This document provides information about influenza viruses, including:
1) Influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and infect hosts through respiratory and digestive tracts. They are single-stranded RNA viruses that are unstable and mutate frequently.
2) Influenza virus type A is further classified based on pathogenicity and includes highly, medium, and low pathogenic strains. Swine can be infected by multiple strains simultaneously and act as mixing vessels for genetic reassortment.
3) Influenza causes diseases in birds, swine, and humans. Avian influenza strains like H5N1 can cause severe disease in birds and occasionally infect humans. Swine influenza strains periodically infect
This document describes foot-and-mouth disease, an infectious viral disease that affects horses and cattle. The disease is characterized by the formation of vesicles or blisters in the mouth and on the feet. Clinical signs include vesicles on the tongue, lips, dental pad, udder, and teats as well as lameness, fever, depression, anorexia, and excessive salivation. The disease should be differentiated from other conditions that cause similar vesicular lesions as well as from pox and herpes viruses. Treatment is the same as for foot-and-mouth disease.
This document discusses avian parasitic diseases. It begins by outlining the economic importance of parasitic diseases in poultry, noting they can cause direct disease, transmit other pathogens, decrease production, and stunt growth. It then examines factors affecting incidence such as breed, age, season, nutrition, housing system, and management practices. The document categorizes parasitic diseases and describes various nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, protozoa, ectoparasites, and their lifecycles, transmission methods, clinical signs, treatment and more. In closing, it provides detailed information on several common parasitic infections in poultry.
Extensive fibrosis and distal edema were observed in the hind limbs of affected animals. Multiple nodules were also present in the trunk and shoulder region. The document describes a condition causing inflammation of subcutaneous lymphatic vessels, especially in the lower limbs of horses, donkeys, cattle, and buffaloes. Clinical signs include hot, painful swelling of limbs; lameness; discharge of creamy green pus from ruptured nodules; enlarged lymph nodes; and ulceration of the skin. Differential diagnoses include epizootic lymphangitis in horses and lumpy skin disease and skin tuberculosis in cattle and buffaloes. Recommended treatments include surgical evacuation of abscesses; local antiseptic and antibiotic treatment of
Viral diseases of aquatic birds. Dr Fares El-Khayatدكتور فارس الخياط
This document discusses several viral diseases that affect aquatic birds, including Duck Virus Hepatitis (DVH) and Duck Virus Enteritis (DVE). It provides information on the etiology, characteristics, transmission, clinical signs and lesions, diagnosis, and prevention/control methods for each disease. DVH is caused by one of three picornaviruses or an astrovirus and affects young ducklings, causing liver damage and hemorrhaging. DVE is caused by a herpesvirus and has a short course and high mortality in ducks, geese and swans. It can cause vascular and tissue damage as well as lesions in lymphoid organs. Both diseases are highly contagious and transmitted through direct
This document discusses avian viral and bacterial respiratory diseases. It mentions that viral diseases causing respiratory signs include avian influenza, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, infectious laryngotracheitis, and others. Bacterial diseases include infectious coryza, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, E. coli, fowl cholera, and others. It also briefly discusses fungal, parasitic, and nutritional respiratory diseases in birds. The document then focuses on influenza virus types A, B, and C as well as avian influenza subtypes. It provides details on H9N2 and H5N1 infections in poultry.
This document discusses Newcastle disease, a highly contagious and destructive viral disease of birds. It is caused by a paramyxovirus that can infect all bird species and some mammals. The virus exists in lentogenic, mesogenic, and velogenic pathogenic forms. Clinical signs vary depending on the strain but often include respiratory signs such as coughing as well as nervous signs such as tremors. The disease is transmitted through direct contact or contaminated feces, equipment, feed, and wild birds. Young birds are generally more severely affected. Vaccination is important for control of this economically important disease of poultry.
Revision of Poultry and Rabbits Biology Dr Fares El-Khayatدكتور فارس الخياط
This document provides information about poultry and rabbit biology. It begins by defining the differences between birds and poultry, noting that poultry refers to domesticated species like chickens, turkeys, and ducks. Rabbits are also included with poultry in Egypt even though they are mammals. The document then discusses the aims of poultry production, including meat and egg production. Several terms important to poultry are also defined.
Tables of poultry viral diseases Dr Fares El khayatدكتور فارس الخياط
This document summarizes 10 poultry diseases:
1. Newcastle disease, caused by paramyxovirus PMV-1, causes respiratory, nervous and digestive signs and lesions including hemorrhage and ulcers. Vaccination is important for prevention.
2. Viscerotropic velogenic ND causes sudden onset and rapid spread with facial swelling and eye/nose discharge.
3. Pigeon PMV1 causes neurological signs like tremors and paralysis.
لتحقيق مستوى أفضل للصحة الإنجابية لابد من إشراك الرجل والمرأة سويا في القرار الإنجابي وتأسيس الأسرة. ولايتم ذلك إلا بتمكين الشباب، ذكورا وإناثا، في سن مبكر، من معرفة البيانات والمعارف العلمية الصحيحة ذات الصلة بالصحة الإنجابية، لأن قضايا الصحة الإنجابية ليست من اهتمام الكبار (من هم في سن الإنجاب) فقط، وإنما هي مسؤولية الجميع في كافة المراحل العمرية
الطفل
الشاب خصوصا المراهق
الرجل والمرأة في سن الإنجاب
المرأة في سن ما بعد مرحلة الإنجاب
من بين المستجدات التي تم ترسيمها خلال الموسم الدراسي 2020-2021 إدراج التربية على الصحة الإنجابية في مادة النشاط العلمي ،في الوحدة الخامسة بالمستوى السادس، بالضبط في مجال علوم الحياة، محور دورات الحياة والتوالد والوراثة عند الكائنات الحية، موضوع "التوالد عند الإنسان"
إدراج التربية على الصحة الإنجابية أو التربية الجنسية في المنهاج الدراسي وفق تدرج منهجي وبيداغوجي سيساعدالأطفال على التعرف على أجسادهم ويعلمهم قيمة احترام الجسد من أي اعتداء ينتهك حرمته
مرجع تذكرة الدوائي الموقع لم يقبل نشر كامل الكتاب بسبب الحجم لتحميل الكتاب كاملاً
للجوال pdf
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3_wH3q91qxAZ1p2dzRqM0tkWlE
للكمبيوتر
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3_wH3q91qxAU1Q0YVl5SWhIblU
مايكروسوفت وورد word
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3_wH3q91qxAYUNzQmY5X05WY2s
أهمية التطعيمات في مقاومة الأمراض والحد منها
مقدمة:
التطعيمات هي واحدة من أهم الإنجازات الطبية في التاريخ الحديث، وتعتبر وسيلة فعالة للحماية الفردية والجماعية من الأمراض المعدية. تساهم التطعيمات في تعزيز الجهاز المناعي لدى الأفراد وتحفزه للقضاء على العوامل المسببة للأمراض، مما يساهم في تقليل انتشار الأمراض والحد من تأثيرها على المجتمع بأكمله.
التطعيمات وآلية عملها
1. مفهوم التطعيمات وتاريخها:
التطعيمات هي عملية تقديم مواد مضادة للميكروبات المعدية إلى الجسم بهدف تنشيط جهاز المناعة للقضاء على هذه الميكروبات وتطوير مناعة قوية ضدها. تمتلك التطعيمات تاريخاً طويلاً يعود إلى أوائل القرن الثامن عشر، حيث تم اكتشاف أول لقاح لمكافحة الجدري.
2. تركيب التطعيمات:
تتكون التطعيمات عادة من جزئيات الميكروبات المعدية المعتقد أنها تسبب المرض، مثل البروتينات أو السكريات الموجودة على سطح الميكروبات. قد تحتوي التطعيمات أيضًا على مواد مساعدة تعزز استجابة جهاز المناعة.
3. آلية عمل التطعيمات:
عندما يتم حقن التطعيم في الجسم، يتعرف جهاز المناعة على المكونات المضادة للميكروبات ويبدأ في إنتاج أجسام مضادة وخلايا مناعة متخصصة. عندما يتعرض الجسم للميكروبات الحقيقية في المستقبل، يكون جهاز المناعة قادرًا على التعرف عليها والتصدي لها بسرعة، مما يقلل من فرصة حدوث المرض أو يقلل من شدته.
أهمية التطعيمات في مقاومة الأمراض
1. الوقاية من الأمراض المعدية:
تساهم التطعيمات في الحد من انتشار الأمراض المعدية، مثل الحصبة والنكاف والكزاز والشلل الدماغي والتهاب الكبد الوبائي والأنفلونزا والتهاب الرئة والتهاب السحايا. من خلال توفير حماية فردية وجماعية، يمكن للتطعيمات أن تقلل من الانتشار السريع للأمراض وتحد من تفشيها في المجتمع.
2. الحماية الفردية:
التطعيمات توفر حماية فردية للأفراد من الإصابة بالأمراض المعدية. عندما يكون الفرد مطعمًا، تكون لديه مناعة أقوى ضد الميكروب المسبب للمرض، مما يقلل من احتمالية الإصابة به وتطوير أعراض خطيرة.
3. الحماية الجماعية:
بجانب الحماية الفردية، تساهم التطعيمات في تحقيق الحماية الجماعية أو ما يُعرف بمفهوم "مناعة القطيع" عندما يتم تطعيم نسبة كبيرة من السكان، يتكون حاجز وقائي يحد من انتشار المرض في المجتمع ويحمي الأفراد غير المطعمين، مثل الأشخاص الذين لديهم مناعة ضعيفة أو الأطفال الصغار الذين لم يتم تطعيمهم بعد.
عندما يتعلق الأمر بأهمية التطعيمات وفوائدها، هناك العديد من الدراسات السابقة والمؤشرات التي تدعم هذا الادعاء. إليك بعض الأمثلة:
1. دراسة حول تأثير تطعيم الحصبة:
أجريت دراسة في الولايات المتحدة تحلل البيانات منذ بداية برنامج التطعيم ضد الحصبة في عام 1963. أظهرت الدراسة أن التطعيم ضد الحصبة أدى إلى تراجع حاد في حالات الإصابة بالحصبة والوفيات المرتبطة بها. وبفضل برنامج التطعيم ضد الحصبة، تم الإعلان عن القضاء على الحصبة في الولايات المتحدة في عام 2000.
2. تأثير التطعيم ضد شلل الأطفال:
بحسب منظمة الصحة العالمية، تمكن برنامج التطعيم ضد شلل الأطفال من تقليل حالات الإصابة بنسبة 99% عالمياً، وفي عام 2019، تم الإعلان عن القضاء على شلل الأطفال في إفريقيا، مما يعكس فعالية التطعيم في السيطرة على هذا المرض المعدٍ.
3. فوائد التطعيم في الصحة العامة:
نشرت دراسة في مجلة "The Lancet" في عام 2011 تحليلًا للبيانات المتاحة حول فوائد التطعيم في الصحة العامة، وجدت الدراسة أن التطعيمات تساهم في تقليل معدلات الوفيات والإعاقة المرتبطة بالأمراض المعدية، وتحسن من نوعية الحياة والتنمية الاج
Babesiosis, also known as tick-borne fever, is a disease affecting cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats. It is characterized by fever, enlargement of superficial lymph nodes, and anemia and jaundice. The disease presents in three forms - peracute, acute, and chronic. The peracute form causes high fever, loss of appetite, and depression, sometimes leading to death within 3-4 days. The acute form features recurring fever over several days along with lymph node swelling, eye issues, nasal discharge, coughing, and difficulty breathing eventually resulting in jaundice. The chronic form sees intermittent fever for 2-4 weeks and severe jaundice. Treatment involves intramuscular
Babesiosis, also known as tick-borne fever, is a disease affecting cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats. It is characterized by fever, enlargement of superficial lymph nodes, and anemia and jaundice. The disease presents in three forms - peracute, acute, and chronic. The peracute form causes high fever, loss of appetite, and depression, sometimes leading to death within 3-4 days. The acute form features recurring fever over several days along with lymph node swelling, eye issues, nasal discharge, coughing, and difficulty breathing eventually resulting in jaundice. The chronic form sees intermittent fever for 2-4 weeks and severe jaundice. Treatment involves intramuscular
There are three forms of bovine lymphosarcoma described in cattle: 1) The cutaneous form commonly affects cattle under 3 years old and presents as skin plaques on the neck, back, and thighs that develop thick scabs and shrink and regrow over weeks or months. 2) The juvenile form commonly affects calves from 2 weeks to 6 months of age and causes sudden lymph node enlargement and gradual weight loss, depression, and weakness. 3) The thymic form commonly affects cattle from 6 to 24 months of age and is characterized by thymus enlargement, lymph node enlargement, and respiratory obstruction.
Contagious disease with high mortality up to 100% that affects cattle and buffalo.
Early signs include small pinpoint areas of necrosis on the tongue, gums, and dental pad. Severe ocular discharge may become purulent.
Clinical signs include high fever, dullness, depression, and death within 2-3 days in the per acute form. The acute form shows sudden fever, lacrimation, nasal discharge, and congested mucous membranes followed by raised gray or white necrotic foci on the mouth that increase in size and number and may detach, leaving raw erosions.
The document describes contagious ecthyma, or orf, which is clinically diagnosed by the presence of eroded plaques on the teats and udder of sheep and around the mouths of suckling lambs. The lesions appear as erythema, vesicles or pustules that rupture and form thick scabs, leaving a horseshoe-shaped ring of small scabs surrounded by a wart-like granuloma. Treatment involves removing scabs and applying emollient cream before milking and an astringent solution after milking.
The document describes contagious ecthyma, or orf, which is clinically diagnosed by the presence of eroded plaques on the teats and udder of sheep and around the mouths of suckling lambs. The lesions appear as erythema, vesicles or pustules that rupture and form thick scabs, leaving a horseshoe-shaped ring of small scabs surrounded by a wart-like granuloma. Treatment involves removing scabs and applying emollient cream before milking and an astringent solution after milking.
Calves 1-2 weeks old commonly experience umbilical swelling, fever, loss of appetite, and depression due to umbilical abscesses. Treatment includes intramuscular injections of broad-spectrum antibiotics for 5-7 days, symptomatic relief with analgesics, fluids, and corticosteroids, and surgical opening and cleaning of abscesses with disinfectants and local antibiotics.
Pregnancy toxemia occurs in the last 2-4 weeks of pregnancy and causes depression, weakness, separation from the flock, blindness, stargazing, incoordination, circling, falling down, convulsions for 2-3 days, recumbancy for 2-3 days, and coma for 2-3 days eventually leading to death. Listeriosis causes fever initially then head pressing, circling, dropped jaw, ear droop, eye droop, head tilt to one side, tongue protrusion, and eyes not moving together or blinking. Cenours cerebralis is associated with a history of dogs entering the farm and causes circling, blindness, head pressing, head tilt, and atax
Hypomagnesemic tetani occurs in lactating dairy cattle in the first two months after calving and is characterized by tonic and clonic convulsions, falling over, and intensifying symptoms with each seizure. Vitamin A deficiency can cause paralysis, convulsions, blindness, and eye issues in cattle around 6-12 months old. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency causes hyperesthesia, tremors, opisthotonus, head pressing, blindness, and eye movement and positioning abnormalities. Rabies causes hypersensitivity, aggression, hydrophobia, teeth grinding, and paralysis. Acute lead poisoning results in mania, blindness, and eye reflex changes.
This document describes the clinical signs and treatment of various types of mastitis in cattle. Peracute mastitis is characterized by severe systemic reaction and painful, hot swelling of the udder with blood-stained milk. Acute mastitis presents as painful udder swelling with changes in milk consistency and pus. Chronic mastitis results in udder fibrosis and atrophy with milk clots. Treatment involves intramammary antibiotic infusion and supportive therapies like anti-inflammatories, while chronically infected quarters may require drying off through chemical mastitis induction.
This document describes the clinical signs and treatment of various types of mastitis in cattle. Peracute mastitis is characterized by severe systemic reaction and painful, hot swelling of the udder with blood-stained milk. Acute mastitis presents as painful udder swelling with changes in milk consistency and pus. Chronic mastitis results in udder fibrosis and atrophy with milk clots. Treatment involves intramammary antibiotic infusion and supportive therapies like anti-inflammatories and cold therapy. Prognosis depends on mastitis type, with staphylococcal having poor response to antibiotics.
There are several species of mites that can cause mange in animals, including sarcoptic, psoroptic, and chorioptic mites. Clinical signs of mange include itching, hair loss, redness, scaling, thickened skin, cracks and fissures, and general weakness. Treatment includes injectable ivermectin, topical pesticide sprays, and sulfur ointment applied after removing scales. Atropine may be given if pesticide toxicity occurs.
The document describes the clinical signs of a highly fatal infectious viral disease affecting cattle and buffalo. The disease causes erosive stomatitis, gastroenteritis, erosion in the upper respiratory tract, and keratoconjunctivitis. A key sign is ch'ch' corneal opacity of the mouth and foot (MCF) beginning from the peripheral cornea and spreading to the central cornea. Other signs include fever, depression, anorexia, nasal and ocular discharge, drooling of saliva, dyspnea, and diffuse necrosis of the oral mucosa on the lips, gums, hard palate, soft palate, and tongue.
1. Pseudocowpox is an infectious skin disease that only affects cattle. It is transmitted by insects and causes fever, skin nodules, swollen lymph nodes, and leg edema.
2. Clinical signs include fever over 40.1°C, firm skin nodules 0.5-5cm in diameter on the perineum, genitals, udder and body that later form dry scabs. There is also lymphadenitis and painful leg and chest edema.
3. Treatment is symptomatic with antibiotics, antipyretics, anti-inflammatories, and IV fluids. Vaccination of cattle over 6 months old with a live attenuated vaccine provides protection for up to 3 years.
The document describes clinical signs and treatment for joint inflammation in livestock. The clinical signs include swollen, hot and painful joints, fever, loss of appetite, and lameness. The recommended treatment is complete rest for the animal, applying cold to the swollen joint, and injecting the joint intramuscularly with anti-inflammatory medications like prednisolone or dexamethasone and the antibiotic streptomycin.
Johne's disease is a chronic bacterial infection that affects cattle and buffaloes, causing severe emaciation, diarrhea, and weight loss. Cattle typically contract the disease within the first six months of life and show clinical signs around four years of age, including continuous or intermittent diarrhea, reduced milk production, and swelling under the jaw. Diagnosis involves ruling out other potential causes through history, physical exam, and lab tests, and confirming infection via a skin test, as the disease is not curable and progresses over time due to diarrhea and malnutrition.
Bovine herpes virus causes a highly infectious disease in cattle and buffaloes known as rhinotracheitis. Clinical signs include fever, respiratory issues like coughing and nasal discharge, eye discharge and inflammation, oral lesions, diarrhea, abortion, and neurological issues in young calves. Treatment involves antibiotics and symptom relief while vaccination uses modified live vaccines in young calves to prevent disease spread.
This document describes the clinical signs and treatment of foot rot in cattle. The signs include lameness of the hind limbs, moist red swollen fissures between the toes with a foul odor, and hot painful swelling around the hoof. The recommended treatment is complete rest, intramuscular injections of streptomycin twice daily for 5-7 days, cleaning and trimming the affected foot and removing dead tissue, and soaking the foot in a 10% copper sulfate or zinc sulfate solution.
Sheep were exhibiting lameness, swelling and moistness of the skin between the toes with foul discharge. More severe cases showed sloughing off of the hoof and systemic symptoms like fever and loss of appetite. Treatment involved complete rest, intramuscular injections of streptomycin every 12 hours for 5-7 days, cleaning and trimming the affected foot and soaking it in a 10% copper sulfate or zinc sulfate solution. Vaccination with 2 subcutaneous doses 4-8 weeks apart could help prevent the condition.
FMD is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals like cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats. It is characterized by fever and formation of vesicles in the mouth and on the feet. Clinical signs include high fever, depression, and vesicles that rupture within 24 hours, leaving painful erosions. While mortality is low in adults, it can be high in young animals. Treatment focuses on antibiotics, antipyretics, and foot baths. Vaccination with an inactivated vaccine provides immunity for 8 months and is especially important in endemic areas, with booster doses given every 6 months.