2016المقاومة الحيوية للفطريات الممرضة للجذور.Mohamed Barakat
المقاومة الحيوية للفطريات الممرضة للجذور
المقاومة الحيوية بالإدخال الصناعي للكائن المضاد في التربة
المقاومة الحيوية الطبيعية
(الاراضي الكابحة – التطهير الفطري)
2016المقاومة الحيوية للفطريات الممرضة للجذور.Mohamed Barakat
المقاومة الحيوية للفطريات الممرضة للجذور
المقاومة الحيوية بالإدخال الصناعي للكائن المضاد في التربة
المقاومة الحيوية الطبيعية
(الاراضي الكابحة – التطهير الفطري)
مرجع تذكرة الدوائي الموقع لم يقبل نشر كامل الكتاب بسبب الحجم لتحميل الكتاب كاملاً
للجوال pdf
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3_wH3q91qxAZ1p2dzRqM0tkWlE
للكمبيوتر
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3_wH3q91qxAU1Q0YVl5SWhIblU
مايكروسوفت وورد word
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3_wH3q91qxAYUNzQmY5X05WY2s
2, origin, structure and function of eucaryotes cells 5 11-2012ganganaik
This document provides information about eukaryotic cell origin, structure, and function. It discusses how eukaryotic cells originated from prokaryotic cells through endosymbiotic theory. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts that allow for more complex structures and functions compared to prokaryotic cells. The document describes the key components of plant and animal cells including their cell membranes, cytoplasm, organelles, and differences between the two cell types.
Epidemiology Overview power point presentation.pptKamalALFalahi
دراسة حدوث وتوزيع الأحداث المتعلقه بالصحه أو المرض فى مجموعه بشريه محدده بما فى ذلك دراسة المحددات المؤثره فى هذه الحاله وتطبيق هذه المعلومات للسيطره على المشكله الصحيه
علم الوبائيات نظرة عامة أحمد منديل أستاذ علم الوبائيات.pptKamalALFalahi
علم الوبائيات نظرة عامة
أحمد منديل
أستاذ علم الوبائيات
المعهد العالى للصحه العامه
جامعة الأسكندرية
دراسة حدوث وتوزيع الأحداث المتعلقه بالصحه أو المرض فى مجموعه بشريه محدده بما فى ذلك دراسة المحددات المؤثره فى هذه الحاله وتطبيق هذه المعلومات للسيطره على المشكله الصحيه
إنتقال مسببات الأمراض:
أهم الأسباب التي تؤدي إلى انتشار الأمراض في المداجن والمفاقس هي عدم وجود برامج للأمن الحيوي أو اختراقهأ، إن وجدت. لذلك يجب حماية مواقع الدواجن بنظام أمن حيوي متكامل، صارم وفعال لمنع دخول أو خروج مسببات المرض منها وإليها وانتشارها. فكل شيء يدخل إلى المداجن أوالمفاقس، يجب أن يكون مراقباً، نظيفاً ومطهراً. ونظام الأمن الحيوي المتكامل لا يحمي فقط الدواجن، وإنما أيضاً البشر اللذين يتناولون منتجاتها.
إن معرفة طرق انتقال مسببات المرض، تساعد وتسهل عمليات الوقاية منها، عن طريق قطع حلقة إنتقالها، وبالتالي التخلص منها. وأهم الطرق التي تنتقل من خلالها العدوى هي: البشر، الحيوانات والحشرات، وسائط النقل، المعدات، النفايات، البيئة ( الهواء والماء) والعلف.
طرق اساليب حديثة للقضاء على جميع انواع الافات الزراعية وطرق مكافحتها والتخلص ...Tamer Ahmed Abdelfatah
طرق اساليب حديثة للقضاء على جميع انواع الافات الزراعية وطرق مكافحتها والتخلص منها
في المنزل الصراصير النمل الابيض الاسود بق الفراش الناموس البعوض الفئران والقوارض
http://www.pestcontrolpesticidespraying.com/company-bed-bugs-in-riyadh/
شركة مكافحة البق بالرياض, شركة مكافحة بق الفراش بالرياض, شركات مكافحة بق الفراش بالرياض, افضل شركات مكافحة بق الفراش بالرياض, ارقام شركات مكافحة بق الفراش بالرياض, افضل شركة مكافحة بق الفراش بالرياض, شركات مكافحة البق بالرياض, افضل شركات مكافحة البق بالرياض, ارقام شركات مكافحة البق بالرياض,
This document discusses different types of plant resistance to pathogens. It describes true resistance, which includes partial/quantitative/polygenic resistance controlled by multiple genes (horizontal resistance) and R-gene/monogenic resistance controlled by single genes (vertical resistance). It also discusses the genetics of virulence in pathogens and resistance in host plants using the gene-for-gene concept. Specifically, it explains how avirulence genes in pathogens interact with resistance genes in plants to determine compatibility.
How plants defend themselves against pathogensMohamed Barakat
Plants have two main ways to defend themselves against pathogens: structural characteristics and biochemical characteristics. Structural defenses include waxy cuticles, thick cell walls, stomata shape and distribution, trichomes, lenticels, hydathodes, cork layers, abscission layers, and tyloses. Biochemical defenses include the hypersensitive response where infected cells are killed to contain the pathogen, and inducible chemical defenses where pathogens are recognized by molecular patterns which triggers immune responses. Together these structural and biochemical defenses help plants survive attacks from hundreds of potential pathogens.
The document discusses host-pathogen interactions and plant parasitism. It begins by defining key terms like host-pathogen interaction and parasitism. It then describes how pathogens can infect hosts on a molecular and cellular level. It discusses the disease cycle, including inoculation, penetration, infection, and dissemination. It explains different types of pathogen interactions with hosts, including obligate and nonobligate parasites. It also discusses symbiotic relationships between some microbes and plants. In summary, the document provides an overview of host-pathogen interactions, the disease cycle, and different types of parasitic relationships between microbes and plants.
This document discusses plant biotechnology and genetically modified organisms. It describes how plant biotechnology can be used to develop genetically modified plants with improved traits like increased yield, quality, and disease resistance. It provides several examples of how specific crops have been genetically engineered for resistance against certain pathogens. While acknowledging these benefits, it also outlines some of the objections that have been raised against genetically modified organisms, including concerns about their impact on the environment and human and animal health.
The document lists various plant rust fungi and their causes. It mentions Uromyces fabae which causes broad bean rust, Puccinia graminis tritici which causes wheat stem rust, and Phragmidium mucronatum found infecting roses in Poland and willows in Latvia. It also lists Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae which causes rust on rose hips and Melampsora lini as the cause of flax rust. Finally, it discusses Puccinia allii, the causal agent of onion rust.
This document summarizes key features of fungi and fungal-like organisms. It describes that they are heterotrophic and use hyphae to colonize substrates and obtain nutrients. Hyphae of plant pathogens colonize plants through direct penetration, while saprophytes penetrate diseased or dead plant tissue. True fungi have cell walls composed of glucans and chitin, while fungal-like organisms have cell walls of cellulose and glycans. The document also provides a classification system for plant pathogenic fungi and fungi in general based on their phylogenetic and taxonomic characteristics.
This document describes several genera of oomycetes that cause downy mildew diseases in plants. It provides details on their taxonomic classification, structures and life cycles. Key points include:
- Plasmopara viticola causes downy mildew of grapes and produces both asexual zoospores and sexual oospores.
- Pseudoperonospora cubensis causes downy mildew of cucurbits like cucumber and produces sporangia and infects via intercellular hyphae.
- Bremia lactucae causes downy mildew of lettuce and has asexual sporangia and can reproduce sexually or asexually via oospores.
In biology, kingdom (Latin: regnum, pl. regna) is a taxonomic rank, which is either the highest rank or in the more recent three-domain system, therank below domain. Kingdoms are divided into smaller groups called phyla (in zoology) or divisions in botany. The complete sequence of ranks is life,domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species
The broadest definition of plant disease includes anything that damages plant health. This definition can include such diverse factors as pathogens, insufficient nitrogen, air pollution, lawnmower damage, and deer damage.
The document discusses taxonomy of fungi, specifically powdery mildew fungi of the order Erysiphales. It provides a key to genera of powdery mildew fungi based on characteristics of their cleistothecia such as wall thickness, number of asci contained, and shape of appendages. Genera discussed include Erysiphe, Podosphaera, Blumeria, Microsphaera, Phyllactinia, and Uncinula. Diagrams are also provided showing structures of cleistothecia, ascospores, and asexual spores for some powdery mildew fungi.
The document provides an introduction to the Basidiomycota, including:
- Basidiomycota produce sexual spores (basidiospores) on basidia and often form distinctive fruiting bodies (basidiocarps).
- Some Basidiomycota like Armillaria ostoyae can form extensive underground networks of mycelium over large areas through dikaryotic growth.
- Common mushrooms often emerge in circles known as fairy rings from the expanding mycelial networks.
- The document then covers the classification, life cycles, and importance of key groups like rusts and smuts, which include major plant pathogens.
The document summarizes classifications of fungi imperfecti (asexual fungi) and provides a detailed taxonomy of fungi. It describes three classes of fungi imperfecti - Hyphomycetes, Coelomycetes, and Agonomycetes - based on their structures and reproductive characteristics. It then outlines several classification systems for fungi proposed by different scientists from 1950-1962 and provides a detailed taxonomy of fungi from the divisions Chytridiomycota to Deuteromycota.
Zygomycetes are fungi that belong to the Phylum Zygomycota.
They are distinguished by their sexual reproduction involving zygospores in gametangial fusion and asexual reproduction involving sporangia.
There are over 1000 discovered species of Zygomycota.
الميسيليوم مقسم عرضيا الى خلايا.
تعيش رمية في التربة او فوق البقايا النباتية او طفيلية عليها وبعضها يتطفل على الانسان والحيوان حيث تسبب لهم بعض الامراض الخطيرة .
لم يكتشف فيها الطور الجنسي .
تتكاثر لاجنسيا بتكوين الكونيدات وعدد قليل منها عرف بالخيوط الفطرية العقيمة التي تتكاثر لاجنسيا عن طريق انبات الاجسام الحجرية او تجزئة الخيط الفطري نفسة.
Fungi and fungal-like organisms are heterotrophic, requiring external nutrients. They grow through hyphae that colonize substrates to obtain nutrients. Hyphal cell walls contain glucans and chitin in true fungi or cellulose and glycans in fungal-like organisms. Modern fungal classification is based on phylogenetic analysis and generally follows Agrios (2005), grouping organisms by kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. Key groups include Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes. Many genera contain important plant pathogens.
Scientific classification of organisms and FungiMohamed Barakat
This document discusses the scientific classification of organisms and recommends standards for taxonomic references. It notes that textbooks commonly recognize either five or six kingdoms and that the kingdoms are divided into smaller groups like phyla. Historically, the number of accepted kingdoms has increased from two to six. The rest of the document provides references for taxonomic standards in areas like birds, butterflies, fish, lichens, mammals, mollusks, mosses, amphibians, reptiles, salamanders, vascular plants, and fungi.