2. À≈°°“√‡√¬π√⟂¥¬‡ππ ¡Õ߇ªπ∞“π
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(Principles of Brain-Based Learning)
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3. À≈—°°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π
(Principles of Brain-Based Learning)
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§.∫., §.¡., Ph.D.
∂“∫—πæ—≤π“ºŸ∫√‘À“√°“√»÷°…“
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4. §”π”
π—ß ◊Õ À≈—°°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π (Principles of Brain Learning) ‡≈à¡π’È ‡¢’¬π¢÷πÈ
”À√—∫‡º¬·æ√৫“¡√Ÿ·°àº∫√‘À“√ ∂“π»÷°…“ §√Ÿ·≈–ºŸ π„®„π¬ÿ§ªØ‘√ª°“√»÷°…“¢Õߪ√–‡∑»
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6. “√∫≠
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∫∑∑’Ë 1 ∫∑π” ............................................................................................................................................................................ 1
∫∑∑’Ë 2 æ≈—ß ¡ÕߢÕߺŸ‡√’¬π ............................................................................................................................................
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¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘߇°’¬«°—∫ ¡Õß ........................................................................................................................
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à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß ¡Õß .......................................................................................................................... 4
∑ƒ…Æ’ ¡Õß´’°´â“¬·≈–¢«“≈à“ ÿ¥ ...................................................................................................... 5
·∫∫·ºπ°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ√–À«à“ß™“¬°—∫À≠‘ß .............................................................................. 5
∫∑∑’Ë 3 °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿ¢ÕߺŸ‡√’¬π ............................................................................................................................................
â â 7
∫√√¬“°“»°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ .............................................................................................................................. 7
°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿ·∫∫Õߧå√«¡ ..........................................................................................................................
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¡Õß°—∫°“√πÕπÀ≈—∫ π‘∑ .................................................................................................................... 8
°“√µ—߇ªÑ“À¡“¬°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ ....................................................................................................................
È 9
Õÿª √√§µàÕ°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ ............................................................................................................................ 9
‚¿™π“°“√°—∫°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ .......................................................................................................................... 10
§«“¡µ—ß„®„π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ ..........................................................................................................................
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√–¥—∫§«“¡§ß∑π„π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ ............................................................................................................ 11
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°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿ “¡¢—πµÕπ..............................................................................................................................
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°“√øí°µ—«„π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ ............................................................................................................................ 12
§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ¢ÕߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√∑’∑”„Àâ®”‰¥â¥∑ ¥ ............................................................................
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∫∑∑’Ë 4 «‘∏°“√ Õπ¢Õߧ√Ÿ ..................................................................................................................................................
’ 14
≈’≈“°“√ Õπ ................................................................................................................................................ 14
“‡Àµÿ¢Õß°“√‡√’¬π‰¡à√‡√◊Õß................................................................................................................
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°≈«‘∏°“√‡ªìπ§√Ÿ Õπ∑’¥„π™—π‡√’¬π....................................................................................................
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°≈«‘∏°“√𔇠πÕ∫∑‡√’¬π„À♫πøíß ..................................................................................................
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∫∑∑’Ë 5 ‡™“«πåÕ“√¡≥å (Õ’§«)..............................................................................................................................................
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§”§¡‡°’¬«°—∫‡™“«πåÕ“√¡≥å ..................................................................................................................
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∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ ................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
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8. À≈—°°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π 1
∫∑∑’Ë
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¡Õß¡πÿ…¬å¡’¢π“¥„À≠à∑’Ë ÿ¥„π∫√√¥“ —µ«å‚≈°∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬ ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’°“√«—¥‚¥¬‡∑’¬∫ —¥ à«π¢Õß ¡Õß
°—∫¢π“¥¢Õß≈”µ—«À√◊Õ√à“ß°“¬ ‚§√ß √â“ß∑“ß°“¬«‘¿“§·≈–Õߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õß ¡Õß¡’§«“¡´—∫´âÕπ¡“°
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¡“π’¡¢Õ§âπæ∫‡°’¬«°—∫°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π (Brain-Based Learning-BBL) ‚¥¬π—°®‘µ«‘∑¬“
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°“√»÷°…“ Õß “¡’¿√√¬“ §◊Õ ‡√Õ‡πµ πÿ¡‡¡≈“ ‡§π (Renate Nummela Caine) ·≈–‡®øøï ‡§π (Geoffrey
Caine) ´÷ߢâÕ§âπæ∫¡’¥ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È
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1. ¡Õ߇ªìπµ—«ª√–¡«≈¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈·∫∫§Ÿà¢π“π ¡Õß¡πÿ…¬å∑”À≈“¬Õ¬à“߉¥â „π‡«≈“‡¥’¬«°—πÀ√◊Õ
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µÕ∫§”∂“¡‚®∑¬å°“√∫â“π∑’Õ“®“√¬å„Àâ ‰«âÕ¬à“߉√ ‡ªìπµâπ
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2. °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ „™â∑ÿ° à«π¢Õß√à“ß°“¬ ¡Õ߇ªìπÕ«—¬«– à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕß√à“ß°“¬ ∂â“°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‡ªìπ
∏√√¡™“µ‘‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫°“√À“¬„® °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ¬àÕ¡∑”„Àâ™â“≈ßÀ√◊Õ‡√Á«¢÷Èπ‰¥â‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫°“√À“¬„®™â“À√◊Õ‡√Á«
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º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿ∑ß ‘π â È— È
3. °“√§âπÀ“§«“¡À¡“¬¡’ à«π‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß·≈–‡°‘¥¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß¡’·∫∫·ºπ °“√§âπÀ“§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß
‘Ëßµà“ßÊ ‡ªìπæ◊Èπ∞“π°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ¡Õß¡πÿ…¬å °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâµ“¡ª°µ‘®”‡ªìπµâÕß¡’§«“¡µ◊Ëπ‡µâπ·≈–¡’
§«“¡À¡“¬ ·≈–µâÕß¡’À≈“¬µ—«‡≈◊Õ° ¡Õß¡πÿ…¬å®ß‡ªìπ∑—ßπ—°»‘≈ª–·≈–π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ´÷ß欓¬“¡§âπÀ“
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·≈–∑”§«“¡‡¢â“„®°—∫·∫∫·ºπ (Patterns) µà“ßÊ ∑’‡°‘¥¢÷π µ—«Õ¬à“ߢÕß°“√¡’√ª·∫∫ ‡™àπ °“√Ωíπ°≈“ß«—π
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°“√·°âª≠À“ ·≈–°“√§‘¥Õ¬à“ß¡’«®“√≥≠“≥ ‡ªìπµâπ ´÷ß¡πÿ…¬å¡Õ∑∏‘æ≈„π°“√™’π”„À⇰‘¥¢÷π‰¥â
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9. 2 À≈—°°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π
4. Õ“√¡≥å¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠µàÕ°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ ‰¥â√—∫Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈®“°Õ“√¡≥å·≈–¡’Õ“√¡≥凪ìπ
µ—«®—¥°“√ º≈°√–∑∫∑“ßÕ“√¡≥å¢Õß∫∑‡√’¬πÀ√◊Õª√– ∫°“√≥å™’«‘µ®–¡’º≈µàÕ§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°À√◊Õ‡®µ§µ‘µàÕ
°“√‡√’¬π√ŸÕ¬à“ß¡À“»“≈∑’‡¥’¬« ‚¥¬À≈—°°“√æ◊π∞“π·≈â« ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡„π°“√‡√’¬π√ŸµÕß¡’≈°…≥–¢Õß°“√
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5. ¡Õߪ√–¡«≈¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—È߇ªìπ à«π¬àÕ¬·≈–‚¥¬√«¡‰ªæ√âÕ¡°—𠵓¡À≈—°§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ‡°’ˬ«°—∫
¡Õß´’°´â“¬·≈– ¡Õß´’°¢«“·≈â« ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“¡’¢âÕ·µ°µà“ßÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠√–À«à“ß ¡Õß´’°´â“¬ (Left
Hemisphere) °—∫ ¡Õß´’°¢«“ (Right Hemisphere) ¡Õß´’°´â“¬∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫µ√√°– (Logic)
°“√§‘¥„π·π«‡ âπµ√ß (Linearity) °“√«‘‡§√“–Àå·≈–‡π◊Õ‡æ≈ß à«π ¡Õß´’°¢«“∑”Àπâ“∑’‡°’¬«°—∫»‘≈ª–
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°“√®‘πµπ“°“√ ¡‘µ ¡æ—π∏å (Dimension) ·≈–∑”πÕ߇æ≈ß ‡ªìπµâπ Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ ¡Õß∑—ß Õß´’°∑”Àπâ“∑’‡
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6. °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫§«“¡µ—Èß„®®√‘ß°—∫°“√¡Õß‚¥¬√Õ∫ ·≈–°“√ª√–¡«≈¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‚¥¬√Ÿâµ—«
·≈–‰¡à√µ« ¡Õß¡πÿ…¬å√∫‡Õ“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈·≈– —≠≠“≥µà“ßÊ ∑’Õ¬ŸπÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ§«“¡µ—ß„®®√‘߇©æ“–Àπâ“ ´÷ßÕ¬Ÿà
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¢â“ßπÕ°√—»¡’ “¬µ“ÕÕ°‰ª ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Õ¬Ÿà‚¥¬√Õ∫ (Peripheral Information) ‡™àπ ‡ ’¬ß√–¶—ß √Õ¬¬‘¡¢Õߧ√Ÿ
Ë È
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—≠≠“≥ à«π„À≠à∑’Ë¡Õ߇ÀÁπÕ¬à“ߺ‘«‡º‘π‡¢â“¡“„π ¡Õß‚¥¬‰¡à√Ÿâµ—« ·≈–¡’ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‚µâµÕ∫
„π√–¥—∫®‘µ„µâ ”π÷°‚¥¬‰¡à√µ«‡™àπ°—π à«π„À≠à§π‡√“®” ‘ß∑’¡ª√– ∫°“√≥å ‰¥â¡“°∑’ ¥ ‰¡à‡©æ“–∑’¡§πÕ◊π
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7. §«“¡®”¡’ Õߪ√–‡¿∑ §◊Õ §«“¡®”·∫∫¡’√–¬–∑“ß·≈–§«“¡®”·∫∫∑àÕß®” ∑ÿ°§π¡’√–∫∫
§«“¡®”·∫∫¡’√–¬–∑“ß (Spatial Memory) µ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘ ´÷ߙ૬„À⡧«“¡®”∑—π∑’ (Instant Memory)
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·≈–°“√√–≈÷°∂÷ߪ√– ∫°“√≥å„πÕ¥’µ (Recall of Experience) à«π§«“¡®”·∫∫∑àÕß®” (Rote Memory)
‡ªìπ™ÿ¥√–∫∫´÷ËßÕÕ°·∫∫‡ªìπ摇»…‚¥¬‡©æ“– ”À√—∫‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’˧àÕπ¢â“ß®–‰¡à¡’§«“¡‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—ππ—°
µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑—«Ê ‰ª ‡™à𠵓√“ß Ÿµ√§Ÿ≥ ‡ ’¬ß¢Õߧ”µà“ßÊ °“√ –°¥§” ¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß ·≈–«—𠔧—≠∑“ß
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ª√–«—µ»“ µ√å ‡ªìπµâ𠇪ìπ∑’ ߇°µ«à“ ¡Õ߇¢â“„®·≈–®”¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘߉¥â¥∑ ¥ ‡¡◊Õ¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß·≈–∑—°…–
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µà“ßÊ Ωíß≈÷°Õ¬Ÿà„π√–∫∫°“√®”·∫∫¡’√–¬–∑“ß (Spatial Memory System)
8. ¡ÕߢÕß·µà≈–§π¡’‡Õ°≈—°…≥å ·¡â«à“∑ÿ°§π¡’ª√– “∑ —¡º— ·≈–Õ“√¡≥åæÈ◊π∞“π‡À¡◊Õπ°—π
°Áµ“¡ °“√∫Ÿ√≥“°“√¢Õß ‘߇À≈à“π’È„π·µà≈–§π·≈–·µà≈– ¡Õ߉¡à‡À¡◊Õπ°—π‡≈¬ ¥—ßπ—π °“√‡√’¬π√Ÿ®ß§«√
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¡’À≈“¬¥â“π‡æ◊Õ„Àâ¡°“√· ¥ßÕÕ° «‘∏°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ (Learning Styles) ∑’·µ°µà“ß°—π
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10. À≈—°°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π 3
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√âÕ¬≈– 4 ¢Õßæ≈—ß ¡Õ߇∑à“π—π ∂Ⓡªìπ‡™àππ—π®√‘߬àÕ¡· ¥ß«à“æ≈—ß ¡ÕßÕ’°√âÕ¬≈– 96 ‰¡à ‰¥â „™â∑”Õ–‰√
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‡≈¬ ·µàª≈àÕ¬∑‘߉«â‡©¬Ê ∑’®√‘ß·≈⫉¡à§«√„À⇪ìπ‡™àππ—π ∂â“¡πÿ…¬å‡¢â“„®«à“ ¡Õß∑”ß“πÕ¬à“߉√·≈â« §«√„Àâ
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3. À≈—ß°“√ªØ‘ π∏‘„π§√√¿å¡“√¥“‰¥â 5 —ª¥“Àå ‡√‘¡µâπ¡’æ≤π“°“√¥â“π ¡Õß
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4. À≈—ß°“√ªØ‘ π∏‘„π§√√¿å¡“√¥“‰¥â 8 —ª¥“Àå ´’°·√°¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥¢Õß ¡Õß∑—Èß Õ߇√‘Ë¡µâπ
°“√æ—≤π“ ≥ ®ÿ¥π’È ¡Õß´÷Ëß¡’¢π“¥¬“«ª√–¡“≥§√÷Ëßπ‘È«‡ªìπµ—«·∑π§√÷ËßÀπ÷ËߢÕߧ√√¿– (µ—«ÕàÕπ)
µàÕ®“°π—π π‘«‚√∫≈“ µå (Neuroblasts) ‡√‘¡µâπ‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ π‘«‚√∫≈“ µå‡ªìπ‡´≈≈å¢Õߧ√√¿– (µ—«ÕàÕπ)
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À√◊Õ‡√’¬°Õ’°™◊Õ«à“ ‡Õ¡∫√‘‚Õπ‘° ‡´≈≈å (Embryonic Cells) ´÷ßµàÕ‰ª°≈“¬‡ªìπ‡´≈≈å ¡Õß (Neurons) À√◊Õ
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5. À≈—ß°“√ªØ‘ π∏‘„π§√√¿å¡“√¥“‰¥â 12 —ª¥“Àå µ—«ÕàÕπ (Fetus) ‡æ‘¡‡´≈≈å ¡Õߢ÷π„πÕ—µ√“
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6. ª√–¡“≥ 20 —ª¥“ÀåÀ≈—ß°“√ªØ‘ π∏‘ ‡¥Á°ÕàÕπ„π§√√¿å (Embryo) ¡’æ≤π“°“√√–∫∫ª√– “∑
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(Nervous System) ∑—ßÀ¡¥·≈â« ´÷ß¡’‡´≈≈åª√– “∑∑—ßÀ¡¥ 12,000 - 15,000 æ—π≈â“π‡´≈≈å
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8. ¡Õß∑’¡æ≈—ß à«π„À≠à‡ªìπÀπâ“∑’¢Õ߇´≈≈å ¡Õß∑—ßÀ≈“¬·≈–°“√‡™◊Õ¡‚¬ßµàÕ°—πÕ¬à“ß·πàπÀπ“
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11. 4 À≈—°°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π
9. ∂Ⓡ´≈≈å ¡Õß·µà≈–‡´≈≈å¡’°“√‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß°—π‰¥âÀ≈“¬æ—π§√—Èß °“√‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß°—π¿“¬„π ¡Õß¡’‰¥â
‡µÁ¡∑’∂ß 1,000 æ—π≈â“π§√—ß
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10. °“√‡™◊Õ¡‚¬ßµàÕ°—π¢Õ߇´≈≈å ¡Õ߇À≈à“π’ «π¡“°‡°‘¥¢÷π°àÕπÕ“¬ÿ 5 ¢«∫ ¡Õ߬‘߉¥â√∫°“√
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11. »’√…–¡πÿ…¬å¡¢π“¥‚µ‡ªìπ 4 ‡∑à“À≈—ß°“√§≈Õ¥ ‡¡◊ÕÕ“¬ÿª√–¡“≥ 5 ¢«∫ °–‚À≈°»’√…–¡’
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¢π“¥‚µ√âÕ¬≈– 90 ¢ÕߺŸâ„À≠à
12. ¢π“¥°–‚À≈°»’√…–‚µ‡µÁ¡∑’‡¡◊ÕÕ“¬ÿ 10 ¢«∫ ¢≥–π’ ¡Õß¡’π”Àπ—°ª√–¡“≥Àπ÷ß°‘‚≈°√—¡§√÷ß
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À√◊Õª√–¡“≥ 3 ªÕπ¥å ´÷Ëߧ‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 2 ¢ÕßπÈ”Àπ—°√à“ß°“¬ ·µà ¡ÕßµâÕß°“√ÕÕ°´‘‡®π∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà
„π√à“ß°“¬∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 20
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(Laboratory of Brain and Behavior) ∑’ ∂“∫—π ÿ¢¿“殑µ·Ààß À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ (United States Institute
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of Mental Health) ‰¥â∫≠≠—µ»æ∑å ¡Õ߉µ√¿“§’À√◊Õ‰µ√ÕŸπ‡∫√π (Triune Brain) À√◊Õ ¡Õß 3 à«π ‚¥¬
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Õ∏‘∫“¬«à“ ¡Õß¡πÿ…¬å∑”ß“π√“«°—∫«à“¡’ “¡ ¡ÕßÕ¬Ÿà„πÀπ÷Ëß ¡Õß À√◊Õ ¡Õß·∫àßÕÕ°‰¥â‡ªìπ 3 à«π
´÷ß·µà≈– à«π„π “¡æ◊π∑’¢Õß ¡Õß¡’Õ∑∏‘æ≈µàÕ°—π ‰¡à¡ «π„¥§«∫§ÿ¡°—𠧔Õ∏‘∫“¬‡°’¬«°—∫ ¡Õß 3 à«π
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1. ¡Õß à«π —µ«å‡≈◊Õ¬§≈“π (Reptilian Brain) À√◊Õ ¡Õß à«πª¡Õ“√å (R-Complex) ‰¥â·°à
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·°π ¡Õß (Stem) ·≈–‡´‡√‡∫≈≈—¡ (Cerebellum) ¡Õß à«π —µ«å‡≈◊ÈÕ¬§≈“ππ’ȵàÕ¢÷Èπ¡“®“°‰¢ —πÀ≈—ß
(Spinal Cord) ·≈–¡’¢π“¥ª√–¡“≥§«“¡Àπ“¢Õßπ‘«°≈“ß ∑”Àπâ“∑’§«∫§ÿ¡°“√µÕ∫ πÕß —≠™“µ≠“≥
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æ◊Èπ∞“π (Basic Instinctive Responses) ¡Õß à«π —µ«å‡≈◊ÈÕ¬§≈“π√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫惵‘°√√¡ºŸâ‡√’¬π ‡™àπ
°“√ª√—∫µ—«‡¢â“°—∫ —ߧ¡ (Social Conformity) °“√®—¥·∫àßÕ“≥“®—°√¢Õßµπ‡Õß (Territoriality) °“√
‡¢â“ —ߧ¡ (Social Rituals) °“√≈”¥—∫§«“¡Õ“«ÿ‚ (Hierachies) ·≈–°“√§∫‡æ»µ√ߢⓡ (Mating Rituals)
‡ªìπµâπ
2. ¡Õß à«π√–∫∫ ’·∫à߇¢µ (Limbic System Brain) À√◊Õ ¡Õß à«π°≈“ß (Mid-Brain)
ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ Õ“¡’°¥“≈“ (Amygdala) Œ‘ª‚ª§—¡ªí (Hippocampus) ‰Œ‚ª∑“≈“¡— (Hypothalamus)
µàÕ¡‰æπ’≈ (Pyneal Gland) ∑“≈“¡— (Thalamus) ·≈–𑫇§≈’¬ ·Õ°§—¡‡∫π å (Nucleus-accumbens)
¡Õß à«π√–∫∫ ’·∫à߇¢µπ’§«∫§ÿ¡Õ“√¡≥å °“¡“√¡≥å ·≈–»Ÿπ¬å√«¡§«“¡ ÿ¢·≈–§«“¡‡®Á∫ª«¥ √—∫º‘¥™Õ∫
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µàÕ§«“¡µ—ß„® (Attention) ·≈–°“√πÕπ (Sleep) §«“¡ºŸ°æ—π∑“ß —ߧ¡ (Social Bonding) §«“¡„°≈♥
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°—∫æàÕ·¡à (Parental Closeness) °“√‡°‘¥§«“¡∑√ß®” (Formation of Memories) °“√· ¥ßÕÕ°§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°
(Expressiveness) ·≈–§«“¡®”√–¬–¬“« (Long-term Memory)

12. À≈—°°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π 5
3. ¡Õß à«π —µ«å‡≈’¬ß≈Ÿ°¥â«¬π¡„À¡à (Neomammalian Brain) À√◊Õ§Õ√å‡∑°´å„À¡à (Neocortex)
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ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ æŸ ¡Õߥâ“πÀπâ“ (Frontal Lobe) æŸ ¡Õß à«πÀ≈—ß°–‚À≈° (Occipital Lobe) æŸ ¡Õß
à«π‡ªìπ‚æ√ß (Parietal Lobe) ·≈–æŸ ¡Õߥâ“π¢â“ߢ¡—∫ (Temporal Lobes) ¡Õß à«π —µ«å‡≈’¬ß≈Ÿ° È
¥â«¬π¡„À¡àÀ√◊Õ§Õ√å‡∑°´å„À¡àπ’È∑”Àπâ“∑’˧«∫§ÿ¡°√–∫«π§«“¡‡¢â“„® (Intellectual Processes) ∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬
√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫µàÕ°“√·°âªí≠À“ (Problem-Solving) °“√§‘¥ (Thinking) °“√§‘¥∑∫∑«π (Reflection)
°“√∑”𓬠(Forecasting) °“√«“ß·ºπ√–¬–¬“« (Long-rauge Planning) °“√¡Õ߇ÀÁπ¿“æ (Visualization)
°“√Õà“π (Reading) °“√·ª≈§«“¡ (Translating) ·≈–§«“¡§‘¥ √â“ß √√§å„π»‘≈ª–µà“ßÊ (Creativity in
the Arts)
∑ƒ…Æ ¡Õß´°´“¬·≈–¢«“≈“ ¥
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¡Õß∑”ß“π·∫∫∑«‘¿“§’ (Bilateral) ·µà≈–´’°¢Õß ¡Õ߇ √‘¡´÷ß°—π·≈–°—π æ≈—ßß“π¢Õß ¡Õß
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(Cortex) ·≈–°≈—∫≈ß¡“µ“¡·π«‡¥‘¡Õ’° ¡Õß¡πÿ…¬å √â“ߢ÷π¡“‡æ◊Õª√–¡«≈¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡ªìπ√–¬–∑“ßÀ√◊Õ‡ªìπ
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¡‘µ‘ (Process Spatially) §◊Õ ®“°Õπÿ¿“§‡≈Á°Ê ‰ª Ÿà§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏凙‘ß√–¬–∑“ßÀ√◊Õ‡™‘ß¡‘µ‘ (Spatial
Relationships) ®“° ¡Õß´’°´â“¬‰ª¬—ß ¡Õß´’°¢«“ „π‡√◊ÕߢÕß°“≈‡«≈“ (Time) ¡Õß¡’°“√ª√–¡«≈
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¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°¥â“πÀ≈—ß¡“¥â“πÀπâ“ §◊Õ ®“°Õ¥’µ¡“ ŸÕ𓧵
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‡∑à“π—Èπ ‰¡à§«√𔉪„™â·∫àß惵‘°√√¡∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ÕÕ°‡ªìπ惵‘°√√¡¢Õß ¡Õß´’°´â“¬À√◊Õ惵‘°√√¡¢Õß ¡Õß
´’°¢«“Õ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π „π¢≥–∑’ ¡Õß´’°´â“¬ª√–¡«≈¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡ªìπ à«π¬àÕ¬ (Parts) π—π ¡Õß´’°¢«“ª√–¡«≈
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¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡ªìπ à«π√«¡ (Wholes) ‡À¡◊Õπ°—π ∑—Èß à«π¬àÕ¬·≈– à«π√«¡ ¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠µàÕ°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‡∑à“°—π
¥—ßπ—π®÷ߧ«√‡πâπ°“√§‘¥·≈–°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿ¢Õß ¡Õß∑—ßÀ¡¥ (Whole Brain) ´÷ß∑”‰¥â‚¥¬„Àâπ°‡√’¬ππ—°»÷°…“
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13. 6 À≈—°°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π
„π¥â“πª√– “∑ —¡º— π—𠇥Á°ºŸ™“¬°—∫‡¥Á°ºŸÀ≠‘ß·µ°µà“ß°—π¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È
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Õ—µ‚π¡—µ‘ ª√“°Ø°“√≥å¢Õß ¡Õ߇™àππ’È ‡√’¬°«à“ °“√‡ª≈’¬πµË”≈ß (Downshifting) ‡¡◊Õ ¡Õ߇ª≈’¬πµË”≈ß
Ë Ë Ë
®–∑”„À⧫“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ (Learning) °“√§‘¥ (Thinking) °“√«“ß·ºπ (Planning) °“√·°âª≠À“í
(Problem-solving) °“√À“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√ (Acquiring Information) °“√§‘¥ √â“ß √√§å (Creativity) ·≈–
∑—°…–°“√µ—¥ ‘π„® (Performing Judgment Skills) ≈¥µË”≈ß ¡Õß¡—°®–‡ª≈’¬πµË”≈ß (Downshift)
Ë
¿“¬„µâ ¿“æÀ√◊Õ‡ß◊Õπ‰¢µàÕ‰ªπ’È
Ë
1. Õÿª √√§¥â“πÕ“√¡≥å (Emotional Threats) Õÿª √√§¥â“πÕ“√¡≥å§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡ ∂“π°“√≥å
µà“ßÊ À√◊Õ‡¡◊Õ»—°¥‘»√’·Ààßµπ (Self-esteem) ‰¥â√∫°“√«‘®“√≥å
Ë Ï —
2. Õÿª √√§¥â“π°“√§‘¥ (Intellectual Threats) ‡™àπ ‡¡◊Õ·π«§‘¥‰¥â√∫°“√«‘®“√≥å„π∑“߇ ’¬À“¬
Ë —
3. Õÿª √√§¥â“π«—≤π∏√√¡·≈– —ߧ¡ (Cultural and Social Threats) ‡°‘¥¢÷π‡¡◊Õ·¬°µ—«®“°
È Ë
°≈ÿ¡‡æ◊Õπ ∑”ß“π§π‡¥’¬« ·≈–¡’§«“¡·ª≈°·¬°®“°°≈ÿ¡‡æ◊Õπ (Alienation from Peers)
à Ë à Ë
4. Õÿª √√§¥â“π√à“ß°“¬ (Physical Threats) ‡°‘¥¢÷π‡¡◊Õ¡’Õπµ√“¬∑“ß√à“ß°“¬®“°ºŸÕ𠇙àπ
È Ë — â Ë◊
»—µ√Ÿ ‡æ◊ÕπΩŸß ‡æ◊Õπ√à«¡ß“π ·≈–§√Õ∫§√—« ‡ªìπµâπ
Ë Ë

17. 10 À≈—°°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π
‚¿™π“°“√°∫°“√‡√¬π√âŸ
— ’
π—°‡√’¬ππ—°»÷°…“µâÕ߉¥â√—∫°“√ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ‡Õ“„®„ à„π°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√ (Diet) ·≈–‚¿™π“°“√
(Nutrition) ∑’‡À¡“– ¡‡æ◊Õ à߇ √‘¡§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ (Learning Abilities) ·≈–§«“¡ “¡“√∂
Ë Ë
„π°“√§‘¥ (Thinking Abilities) ‘ß∑’ ¡ÕßµâÕß°“√¡“°∑’ ¥§◊Õ ÕÕ°´‘‡®π ∂â“ ¡Õߢ“¥ÕÕ°´‘‡®π·≈â«
Ë Ë Ëÿ
µ—«∂à“¬∑Õ¥‡´≈≈å ¡Õß (Neurotransmitters) Õ◊πÊ Õ“®∑”„Àâ°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿ·≈–°“√§‘¥™â“≈ßÀ√◊Õ‡√Á«¢÷π°Á‰¥â
Ë â È
“√‰∑‚√´’π (Tyrosine) ´÷ßµ“¡ª°µ‘æ∫„πÕ“À“√∑’¡‚ª√µ’π Ÿß™à«¬°√–µÿ𧫓¡µ◊πµ—« (Alertness) ·≈–
Ë Ë ’ â Ë
°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ¡Õß (Mental Performance) Õ“À“√∑’ËÕÿ¥¡¥â«¬‚ª√µ’π ‰¥â·°à ‰¢à ª≈“ À¡Ÿ ‰°à ‚¬‡°‘√åµ ·≈–
‡π¬·¢Áß ‡ªìπµâπ
‚¿™π“°“√∑’æÕ‡À¡“– (Proper Nutrition) ¬—ßÀ¡“¬∂÷ß°“√√—°…“√–¥—∫‰¢¡—πÕ‘¡µ—« (Saturated
Ë Ë
Fats) „ÀâÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫µË” ·≈–√–¥—∫∏“µÿ‡À≈Á° (Iron) „ÀâÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ª°µ‘ Õ“À“√®”æ«°·ªÑßÀ√◊Õ§“√å‚∫‰Œ‡¥√µ
(Carbohydrates) §«√∫√‘‚¿§„πµÕπ‡¬Áπ ‰¡à§«√∫√‘‚¿§„πµÕπ‡™â“ °“√‡«âπ™à«ß‡«≈“√—∫ª√–∑“πÕ“À“√
·µà≈–¡◊ÈÕπ“π‡°‘π‰ª Õ“®∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬ ¡“∏‘ (Concentation) ·≈–Õ“®≈¥§«“¡µ◊Ëπµ—«≈߉¥â¥â«¬
¥—ßπ—ππ—°‡√’¬ππ—°»÷°…“§«√‰¥â√∫°“√ à߇ √‘¡„Àâ√∫ª√–∑“πÕ“À“√«à“ß∂Ÿ°À≈—°‚¿™π“°“√ (Nutritious Snacks)
È — —
µ≈Õ¥∑—ß«—π
È
·√à∏“µÿ (Minerals) ∫“ßÕ¬à“ß∑’Ëæ‘ Ÿ®πå·≈â««à“ ∑”„À⧫“¡§≈àÕß·≈–°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ¡Õߥ’¢÷Èπ
¡’¥ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È
—
1. ∏“µÿ‚∫√Õπ (Boron) µ“¡ª°µ‘æ∫„πº≈‰¡â ‡™àπ ·Õª‡ªî≈ Õßÿπ ·≈–∏—≠æ◊™®”æ«°∂—«≈‘ ß·≈–
à Ë
∂—«µà“ßÊ
Ë
2. ∏“µÿ‡À≈Á° (Iron) µ“¡ª°µ‘æ∫„πº—° ’‡¢’¬«‡¢â¡ ‡π◊Õ —µ«å ∂—«µà“ßÊ ª≈“ ‰¢à ·≈–¢â“«
È Ë
3. ∏“µÿ ß°– ’ (Zinc) µ“¡ª°µ‘æ∫„πª≈“ ∂—«µà“ßÊ ¢â“«´âÕ¡¡◊Õ ·≈–πàÕ߉°à ‡ªìπµâπ
— Ë
4. «‘µ“¡‘π´’ (Vitamin C) ´÷Ëßµ“¡ª°µ‘æ∫„πº≈‰¡âµ√–°Ÿ≈ â¡ ™à«¬¥Ÿ¥´—∫∏“µÿ‡À≈Á° (Iron
Absorption) ‰ø‡µ√µ (Phytates) ´÷߉¥â·°à ∏—≠æ◊™ (Cereals) √”¢â“« ·≈–∂—«‡À≈◊Õß ªÑÕß°—π°“√¥Ÿ¥´—∫
Ë Ë
∏“µÿ‡À≈Á°
§«“¡µß„®„π°“√‡√¬π√âŸ
È— ’
°“√∑”„Àâπ—°‡√’¬ππ—°»÷°…“¡’§«“¡µ—Èß„® (Attention) ·≈–§ß§«“¡µ—Èß„®‰«â‡ªìπ¿“√°‘®∑’Ë∑â“∑“¬
”À√—∫§√ŸÕ“®“√¬å √–¥—∫§«“¡µ—Èß„®¡’¢’¥®”°—¥®“°°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß„π¥â“πÕ“√¡≥å (Emotions) √–¥—∫
°√¥Õ“¡‘‚π (Amino Acid Level) ŒÕ√å‚¡π (Hormones) ·≈–‡π◊ÕÀ“«‘™“ (Course Content) µ“¡ª°µ‘
È
™à«ß§«“¡ π„® (Attention Span) ¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬π¡’™«ßÕ¬Ÿ√–À«à“ß 20-25 π“∑’ √–À«à“ß°“√‡√‘¡µâπ‡ πÕ
à à Ë
‡π◊ÈÕÀ“°—∫°“√®∫‡ πÕ‡π◊ÈÕÀ“ ·≈–√–À«à“ß°“√‡ πÕ·π«§‘¥ ”§—≠°—∫°“√ —Ëßß“π摇»…·°àπ—°‡√’¬π ¥—ßπ—Èπ

18. À≈—°°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π 11
§√ŸÕ“®“√¬åµÕß¡’ ß°√–µÿπ∑’·ª≈°„À¡à (Novel) À√◊Õ¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡∑“ßÕ“√¡≥å√–¥—∫ Ÿß (High Emotional
â Ë‘ â Ë
Intensity) ‡æ◊Õ„Àâ ‰¥â§«“¡µ—ß„®¢ÕߺŸ‡√’¬π
Ë È â
°‘®°√√¡µà“ßÊ ‡™àπ °“√∑”ß“π‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡ (Group Work) °“√∑”„Àâ¡’°”≈—ß (Energizers)
°“√¬◊¥‡ âπßà“¬Ê (Simple Stretching) °“√· ¥ß∫∑∫“∑ ¡¡µ‘ (Role Plays) °“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡ ’¬ß查
(Change of Tone) ·≈–°“√®—¥∑’πß„À¡à (Sitting Rearrangements) °“√‡™‘≠«‘∑¬“°√ (Inviting Guest
Ë Ë—
Speakers) °“√„™â¥πµ√’ (Music) ·≈–°“√„™âÕ“√¡≥å¢π (Humor) œ≈œ ‡ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ß„π°“√‡ªìπµ—«°√–µÿπ
— â
§«“¡ π„®
∑’Ë®√‘ß·≈â« ºŸâ‡√’¬π‰¡à®”‡ªìπµâÕß¡’§«“¡µ—Èß„®‡µÁ¡√âÕ¬µ≈Õ¥‡«≈“ ‡æ√“–Õ“®µâÕß„™â‡«≈“„π°“√
ª√–¡«≈·π«§‘¥·≈–´÷¡´—∫‡Õ“·π«§‘¥·≈–∫∑‡√’¬π∑’Ë°”≈—߇√’¬π‡¢â“‰«â „π ¡Õß „π√–À«à“ß∑’Ë¡’°“√ ÕπÀ√◊Õ
°“√Õ¿‘ª√“¬π“πÊ §√ŸÕ“®“√¬å§«√¡’°®°√√¡°“√≈¥§«“¡‡§√’¬¥ (De-stressing Activities) ‡™àπ °“√¬◊¥‡ âπ
‘
·¢π¢“ (Stretching) ·≈–°“√Õ¿‘ª√“¬°≈ÿ¡ (Group Discussions) ‡ªìπ°‘®°√√¡∑’≈¥§«“¡‡§√’¬¥‡™‘ß≈∫
à Ë
(Negative Stress) ·≈–‡ √‘¡·√ß°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ
√–¥∫§«“¡§ß∑π„π°“√‡√¬π√âŸ
— ’
√–¥—∫§«“¡§ß∑π (Retention Rate Level) „π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿ¢πÕ¬Ÿ°∫«‘∏°“√‰¥â√∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√π—π
â È÷ à — ’ — È
§«“¡§ß∑π„π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿ¡√–¥—∫Õ—µ√“¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È
â ’
°“√Õà“π 10%
°“√‰¥â¬π‘ 20%
°“√‡ÀÁπ 30%
°“√øíß + °“√‡ÀÁπ 50%
°“√øíß + °“√‡ÀÁπ + °“√查 70%
°“√øíß + °“√‡ÀÁπ + °“√查 + °“√∑” 90%
°“√‡√¬π√·∫∫‡ππ·≈–ºÕπ§≈“¬
’ ⟠â à
°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ®–∑”‰¥â¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥‡¡◊ËÕ„Àâπ—°‡√’¬ππ—°»÷°…“¡’°“√‡√’¬π·∫∫‡πâπÀ√◊Õ¡’„®®¥®àÕ (Focused
Learning) ·≈–°“√‡√’¬π·∫∫ºàÕπ§≈“¬À√◊Õ°√–®“¬∑—Ë«‰ª (Diffused Learning) ≈—∫°—π‰ª ‡™àπ
¡’‡«≈“§‘¥‡πâπÀπ—° 10 π“∑’ ·≈–§‘¥°√–®“¬ 2-5 π“∑’ ≈—∫°—π‰ªµ≈Õ¥™à«ß°“√‡√’¬π ‡«≈“ Ÿß ÿ¥ ”À√—∫
°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ·∫∫‡πâπª√–¡“≥ 20-25 π“∑’ ·≈â«„À⇫≈“ ”À√—∫°“√§‘¥·∫∫ºàÕπ§≈“¬À√◊Õ§‘¥∑—Ë«‰ªÕ’°
2-5 π“∑’ „π°‘®°√√¡À√◊Õ°“√ª√–¡«≈¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑“ß ¡Õß ®–∑”„Àâ°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ ‰¥â¥∑ ¥ ’ Ë’ ÿ

19. 12 À≈—°°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π
°“√‡√¬π√ “¡¢πµÕπ
’ ⟠ȗ
„πÀâÕ߇√’¬π‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ªµ“¡ª°µ‘§√Ÿ‡ªìπºŸâ∂à“¬∑Õ¥À√◊Õ‡ªìπºŸâ „Àâ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√·°àπ—°‡√’¬ππ—°»÷°…“
À√◊Õ„À⪮®—¬ªÑÕπ (Input) µàÕ¡“Õ’°√–¬–Àπ÷ß∑”°“√∑¥ Õ∫À√◊Õ∑”°“√ Õ∫¬àÕ¬ À√◊Õ„À⇥Á°∑∫∑«πÀ√◊Õ
í Ë
∑àÕß®” ‡æ◊Õ«—¥§«“¡‡¢â“„®„π‡π◊ÕÀ“∑’Ë ‰¥â‡√’¬π À√◊Õªí®®—¬º≈º≈‘µ (Output) à«π ‘ß∑’Õ¬Ÿ√–À«à“ßªí®®—¬ªÑÕπ
Ë È Ë Ë à
°—∫ªí®®—¬º≈º≈‘µ §◊Õ °“√∫Ÿ√≥“°“√ (Integration) ´÷ß‚¬ß§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ßªí®®—¬ªÑÕπ ™’«µ¢ÕߺŸ‡√’¬π
Ë ‘ â
∂â“ªí®®—¬ªÑÕπ‰¡à¡’§«“¡‡°’ˬ«¢âÕßÀ√◊Õ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫™’«‘µºŸâ‡√’¬π·≈â« ªí®®—¬º≈º≈‘µ§ß‰¥âπâÕ¬¡“° ¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√
‡√’¬π√Ÿ®ß¡’ 3 ¢—πµÕπ ¥—ßπ’È
â÷ È
¢—π 1 ªí®®—¬ªÑÕπ (Input) ‰¥â·°à ∫∑‡√’¬π ¢âÕ‡∑Á®®√‘ß À√◊Õ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√‡°’¬«°—∫‡π◊ÕÀ“«‘™“∑’§√Ÿ
È Ë È Ë
ºŸ Õπ„Àâ°∫ºŸ‡√’¬π
â — â
¢—π 2 °“√∫Ÿ√≥“°“√ (Integration) ‰¥â·°à °√–∫«π°“√∑’Ë‚¬ß§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“߇π◊ÕÀ“°—∫™’«µ
È È ‘
¢ÕߺŸ‡√’¬π
â
¢—π 3 ªí®®—¬º≈º≈‘µ (Output) ‰¥â·°à º≈≈—æ∏å∑æߪ√– ߧå„π√Ÿª¢Õß°“√∑¥ Õ∫ (Tests) °“√
È Ë’ ÷
∑àÕß®” (Recitation) À√◊Õ°“√ Õ∫‰≈à (Examination) ‡æ◊Õ«—¥§«“¡√Ÿâ„π∫∑‡√’¬πÕÕ°¡“‡ªìπª√‘¡“≥
Ë
°“√ø°µ«„π°“√‡√¬π√âŸ
í — ’
°“√øí°µ—«„π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ (Incubation) ‡ªìπ°√–∫«π°“√‡æ◊Õ„Àâ·π«§‘¥ §«“¡√Ÿâ ·≈–¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√
Ë
¡’°“√™–≈Õµ—«À√◊Õ°“√ª≈àÕ¬∑‘߉«â™«¢≥–®π°«à“¡’°“√√Ÿ·®âß (Illumination) À√◊Õ çª√– ∫°“√≥å ÕãÕ„™à‡≈¬é
È —Ë â
(Aha Experience) „π ‘ßπ—π
Ë È
°“√√Ÿ·®âß (Illumination)
â
√–¬– 3
°“√øí°µ—« (Incubation)
√–¬– 2
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√ (Information)
§«“¡√Ÿâ (Knowledge)
·π«§‘¥ (Ideas)
√–¬– 1
¿“æª√–°Õ∫ 1 √–¬–°“√øí°µ—«„π°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ

20. À≈—°°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π 13
§≥ ¡∫µ¢Õߢա≈¢“« “√∑∑”„À®”‰¥¥∑ ¥
ÿ — ‘ â Ÿ à Ë’ â â ’ Ë’ ÿ
ºŸ‡√’¬π®–®”‰¥â¥∑ ¥∂â“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√ (Information) ¡’§≥ ¡∫—µ‘ (Qualities) ¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È
â ’ Ë’ ÿ ÿ
1. ¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°∫ª√– “∑ —¡º— (Sensory Association) ‚¥¬‡©æ“–ª√– “∑ —¡º— °“√‡ÀÁπ
—
(Visual Sensation)
2. Õ¬Ÿà„π∫√‘∫∑¢ÕßÕ“√¡≥å (Emotional Context) ‡™àπ Õ“√¡≥姫“¡√—° (Love) Õ“√¡≥姫“¡ ÿ¢
(Happiness) À√◊ÕÕ“√¡≥å‚»° (Sorrow)
3. ¡’§≥ ¡∫—µ‚¥¥‡¥àπÀ√◊Õ·µ°µà“ß (Outstanding or Different Qualities)
ÿ ‘
4. ¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏åÕ¬à“ßÀπ—°·πàπ (Intense Associations)
5. ¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπµàÕ°“√Õ¬Ÿ√Õ¥ (Necessary for Survival)
à
6. ¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠„π∑“ß à«πµ—« (Personal Importance)
7. ¡’°“√∑”´È”∫àÕ¬ (Repetition)
8. ‡ªìπ ‘ß·√°·≈–À√◊Õ ‘ß ÿ¥∑⓬„π‡«≈“‡√’¬π (The First and/or Last in a Session)
Ë Ë

21. 14 À≈—°°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π
∫∑∑’Ë
«‘∏°“√ Õπ¢Õߧ√Ÿ
’
«‘∏’°“√ Õπ¢Õߧ√Ÿ¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠µàÕ°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π (Brain-Based Learning)
¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È
≈≈“°“√ Õπ
’
≈’≈“°“√ Õπ (Teaching Styles) ‡ªìπ°≈«‘∏„π°“√∂à“¬∑Õ¥§«“¡√Ÿâ„Àⷰງ√’¬π ≈’≈“°“√ Õπ‰¡à„™à
’ âŸ
‘Ëß∑’˧√ŸæŸ¥ ·µà‡ªìπ ‘Ëß∑’˧√Ÿ∑” ·≈–≈’≈“°“√ Õπ‰¡à ‰¥âÀ¡“¬∂÷ߧ√Ÿ·µàßµ—«¥â«¬Õ–‰√ ·µàÀ¡“¬∂÷ߧ√Ÿ·µàßµ—«
Õ¬à“߉√ §”À≈—° ”§—≠„π°“√ Õπ¢Õߧ√Ÿ §◊Õ °“√©“¬ÕÕ°‰ª (Projection) ∂â“¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ„Àâ©“¬ÕÕ°‰ª
(Project) ∂Ⓣ¡à¡§«“¡√Ÿâ„ÀâªØ‘‡ ∏ (Reject) ·≈–∂â“Õ¬“°¡’§«“¡√Ÿâ„Àâ©¥‡¢â“‰ª (Inject)
’ ’
πÕ°®“°π’È„π°“√ ÕπµâÕß¡’°“√ ◊Õ “√·∫∫ Õß∑“ß (2-ways Communication) §◊Õ
Ë
1. °“√ ◊Õ “√·∫∫«—®π– (Verbal Communication) ‡ªìπ°“√ ◊Õ “√‚¥¬„™â∂Õ¬§” ‰¥â·°à ¿“…“
Ë Ë â
查 ”‡π’¬ß‡ ’¬ß查 °“√Õ∏‘∫“¬ ·≈–°“√¬°µ—«Õ¬à“ß „Àâ „™â‡ ’¬ß 20% ¢Õ߇«≈“∑’¡„Àâ‡∑à“π—πË ’ È
2. °“√ ◊Õ “√·∫∫Õ«—®π– (Nonverbal Communication) §◊Õ °“√ ◊Õ “√∑’Ë ‰¡à„™à§”查 ·µà„™â
Ë Ë
¿“…“∑à“∑“ß (Body Language) ‰¥â·°à °‘√¬“∑à“∑“ß (Gestures) °“√À¬ÿ¥™—«¢≥– (Pauses) °“√«“ß∑à“
‘ Ë
(Posture) °“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À« (Movement) °“√·µàßµ—« (Clothing) °“√· ¥ßÕÕ°∫π„∫Àπâ“ (Facial
Expression) ·≈–°“√ —¡º— ¥â«¬ “¬µ“ (Eye Contact) „Àâ „™â 80% ¢Õ߇«≈“∑’¡„Àâ Ë ’
Õ«—®π–
80%
«—®π– °‘√¬“∑à“∑“ß
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20% °“√À¬ÿ¥™—«¢≥–
Ë
¿“…“ °“√«“ß∑à“
‡ ’¬ß °“√‡§≈◊Õπ‰À«
Ë
µ—«Õ¬à“ß °“√·µàßµ—«
°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°∫π„∫Àπâ“
°“√ —¡º— ¥â«¬ “¬µ“
¿“æª√–°Õ∫ 2 °“√ ◊Õ “√·∫∫«—®π–·≈–Õ«—®π–
Ë

22. À≈—°°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π 15
“‡Àµ¢Õß°“√‡√¬π‰¡√‡√Õß
ÿ ’ à ⟠Ë◊
“‡Àµÿ¢Õß°“√‡√’¬π‰¡à√‡√◊ÕßÀ√◊Õ “‡Àµÿ¢Õß°“√‰¡à√∫ ‘ß∑’§√Ÿ Õπ ¡’¥ßπ’È
âŸ Ë — Ë Ë —
1. §«“¡°—ß«≈¡“°‡°‘π‰ª (Obsession) π—°‡√’¬π‰¡à¡ ¡“∏‘‡°’¬«°—∫ ‘ß∑’§√Ÿ°”≈—ß查 ·≈–¡’§«“¡
’ Ë Ë Ë
°—ß«≈°—∫ªí≠À“Õ◊πÊ „π√–À«à“߇√’¬π
Ë
2. °“√Õ“¬‰¡à°≈â“∂“¡ (Inhibition) π—°‡√’¬π∫“ߧπ‰¡à¬Õ¡√—∫·≈–µÕ∫ πÕß„π ‘Ëß∑’˧√Ÿ Õπ
‡æ√“–Õ“¬‰¡à°≈â“∂“¡§√Ÿ
3. °“√‰¡à π„®„¬¥’ (Apathy) π—°‡√’¬π∫“ߧπ‰¡à¬Õ¡√—∫ ‘ß∑’§√Ÿ Õπ ‡æ√“–‰¡à π„®„¬¥’ ‰¡à·¬·
Ë Ë
À√◊Õ‰¡à¬π¥’¬π√⓬°—∫ ‘ß∑’§√Ÿ Õπ„¥Ê ∑—ß ‘π
‘ ‘ Ë Ë È È
4. °“√ ∫ª√–¡“∑ (Sulking) π—°‡√’¬π∫“ߧπ‰¡à¬Õ¡√—∫ ‘Ëß∑’˧√Ÿ Õπ ‡æ√“–‡§¬‰¥â√—∫°“√
∫ª√–¡“∑ ¥ÿ¥“«à“°≈à“«∫àÕ¬Ê ·≈–¡’ ç·º≈é Õ¬Ÿà„π„® ®÷߉¡àÕ¬“°‰¥âøß ‰¥â¬π„π ‘ß∑’§√Ÿ Õπ
à í ‘ Ë Ë
5. °“√ª√–‡¡‘πº≈ (Evaluation) π—°‡√’¬π∫“ß§πµ—¥ ‘π„® √ÿª À√◊Õª√–‡¡‘πº≈ ‘ß∑’§√Ÿ Õπ‰¡à ‰¥â
Ë Ë
∑—π∑’À√◊Õ‚¥¬‡√Á«
°≈«∏°“√‡ªπ§√ Õπ∑¥’ „π™π‡√¬π
‘’ ì Ÿ Ë’ È— ’
°≈«‘∏„π°“√‡ªìπ§√Ÿ Õπ∑’¥’ ·≈–°“√‡ªìπºŸÕ”𫬧«“¡ –¥«°„πÀâÕ߇√’¬π (Classroom Facilitator)
’ Ë â
∑’¡∑ßæ≈—ßÕ”π“® (Power) ·≈–∫“√¡’ (Charisma) ¡’ 8 ª√–°“√ ¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È
Ë ’ È—
1. ∂◊Õ«à“π—°‡√’¬π∑ÿ°§π‡ªìπºŸ¡§«“¡ ”§—≠∑’ ¥ (Most Important Person - MIP)
â ’ Ëÿ
2. ∑—°∑“¬π—°‡√’¬π∑ÿ°§πÕ¬à“߇ªìπ°—π‡Õß
3. ¡Õßµ“π—°‡√’¬π„π√–À«à“ß°“√∑—°∑“¬
4. §‘¥„π·ß॰∫π—°‡√’¬π„π√–À«à“ß∑—°∑“¬
’—
5. °≈à“«§”™¡π—°‡√’¬π¥â«¬§«“¡®√‘ß„®
6. ∂◊Õ«à“°“√¡Õ߇ªìπ‡√◊Õß ”§—≠
Ë
7. à߬‘¡Õ¬à“ß¡’‡ πàÀå„Àâ°∫π—°‡√’¬π
È —
8. ¡’§«“¡‡ÀÁπÕ°‡ÀÁπ„®‚¥¬°“√µÕ∫ πÕßµàÕÕ“√¡≥å¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬π
°≈«∏°“√𔇠πÕ∫∑‡√¬π„À™«πøß
‘’ ’ â í
°“√𔇠πÕ∫∑‡√’¬πÀ√◊Õ§”∫√√¬“¬„À♫πøíß ¡’¢Õ·π–π” 7 ª√–°“√ ¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È
â
1. §«√∑”§«“¡‡¢â“„®„Àâºøß∑√“∫«—µ∂ÿª√– ߧå¢Õß°“√𔇠πÕ À√◊Õ¡“π—ßÕ¬Ÿ∑π∑”‰¡
⟠í Ë à Ë’ Ë’
2. §«√∑√“∫«à“®–‡πâπ¬È”µ√߉Àπ·≈–‡¡◊Õ‰√ ∂â“ —߇°µ‡ÀÁπ«à“ºŸøßπ—߇©¬·≈–‡∫◊ÕÀπà“¬ „Àâ‡πâπ¬È”
Ë â í Ë Ë
„πµÕπ‡√‘¡µâπ ·µà∂“ºŸø߇ªìπ°—π‡Õß °√–µ◊Õ√◊Õ√âπÕ¬“°øíß „Àâ‡πâπ¬È”„πµÕπ∑⓬™—«‚¡ß
Ë â â í Ë

23. 16 À≈—°°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π
3. §«√µ—¥ ‘π„®«à“®–查‡ªìπ§π·√°À√◊Õ§π ÿ¥∑⓬„π°√≥’¡ºæ¥À≈“¬§π
’ ⟠Ÿ
4. §«√‚πâ¡πâ“«„À⺟âøí߇¢â“¢â“ß ‚¥¬À“ª√–‡¥Áπªí≠À“„°≈âµ—«¡“ π—∫ πÿπ§”查À√◊Õ ‘Ëß∑’Ë𔇠πÕ
ÕÕ°‰ª
5. §«√√Ÿ®°‡«≈“„π°“√„™âÕ“√¡≥åÀ√◊Õµ√√°– ‡æ◊Õ™—°™«πºŸøß
â— Ë â í
6. §«√„™âÕ“√¡≥å¢πÀ√◊Õ‡≈à“‡√◊Õß™«πÀ—«‡√“–‡ªìπµ—«‡™‘≠™«π„π°“√øíß
— Ë
7. §«√„™â«∏°“√π”‡¢â“ Ÿ∫∑‡√’¬πÕ¬à“ß¡’æ≈—ßÕ”π“® (Powerful Introductions)
‘’ à

24. À≈—°°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π 17
∫∑∑’Ë
‡™“«πåÕ“√¡≥å (Õ’§«)
‘
‡™“«πåÕ“√¡≥å (EQ) ¡’ «π‡°’¬«¢âÕß°—∫æÀÿª≠≠“ (MI) µ‘ª≠≠“ (IQ) ·≈–°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬
à Ë í í
‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π (BBL) §àÕπ¢â“ß¡“° ®÷ߧ«√π”¡“°≈à“«„π∑’πÈ’ ¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È
Ë
§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õ߇™“«πÕ“√¡≥å
å
‡™“«πåÕ“√¡≥å (Emotional Intelligence) À√◊Õ‡√’¬°™◊Õ¬àÕ«à“ EQ (Õ’§«) À¡“¬∂÷ߧ«“¡ “¡“√∂
Ë ‘
„π°“√√Ÿ ° —¡º— ‡¢â“„® ·≈–√Ÿ®°„™âæ≈—ßÕ”π“®·≈–°“√√—∫√Ÿ¢ÕßÕ“√¡≥å„π∞“𖇪ìπ·À≈àßæ≈—ßß“π ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈
â÷ â— â
¢à“« “√ °“√‡™◊Õ¡‚¬ß ·≈–°“√¡’Õ∑∏‘æ≈¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å
Ë ‘
‡ “‡Õ°¢Õ߇™“«πÕ“√¡≥å
å
‡ “‡Õ° (Connerstones) ¢Õ߇™“«πåÕ“√¡≥å¡’ 4 ª√–°“√ ¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È
1. §«“¡√Ÿ‡°’¬«°—∫Õ“√¡≥å (Emotional Literacy) À¡“¬∂÷ß °“√¡’§«“¡√Ÿ·≈–√Ÿ®°æ≈—ßÕ“√¡≥å
â Ë â â—
(Emotional Power) ¢Õßµπ‡Õß ´÷ß®–™à«¬ √â“ߧ«“¡‡¢â“„® °“√·π–·π«¿“¬„πµπ °“√‡§“√æ §«“¡
Ë
√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫ ·≈–°“√‡™◊Õ¡‚¬ß
Ë
2. §«“¡·¢Áß·√ߥâ“πÕ“√¡≥å (Emotional Fitness) À¡“¬∂÷ß °“√®—¥°“√°—∫æ≈—ßÕ“√¡≥å¢Õß
µπ‡Õß ´÷ß®–™à«¬ √â“ߧ«“¡ —®®√‘ß (Authenticity) §«“¡¬◊¥À¬ÿπ¢Õß ¿“æÕ“√¡≥å (Resilience) ·≈–
Ë à
—¡æ—π∏¿“æ·∫∫‰«â«“ß„® (Trusting Relationships)
3. §«“¡≈ÿ¡≈÷°¥â“πÕ“√¡≥å (Emotional Depth) À¡“¬∂÷ß °“√√Ÿ®°π”æ≈—ßÕ“√¡≥å «πµ—«ÕÕ°¡“
à â— à
„™â „À⇰‘¥ª√–‚¬™πå ´÷ß®–™à«¬ √â“ßÕÿªπ‘ ¬·°π (Core Character) ·≈–¥÷ß»—°¬¿“æ (Potential) §«“¡
Ë —
¡’»°¥‘»√’ (Integrity) ·≈–‡ªÑ“À¡“¬ (Purpose) ÕÕ°¡“„™â ‰¥â
— Ï
4. °“√·ª√‡ª≈’¬π¥â“πÕ“√¡≥å (Emotional Alchemy) À¡“¬∂÷ß °“√√«¡æ≈—ߢÕßÕ«—¬«–µà“ßÊ
Ë
„π√à“ß°“¬ (Synergies) ´÷ß®–™à«¬ √â“ߧ«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å„π°“√·ª≈ß√Ÿª (Transformational Relationships)
Ë

25. 18 À≈—°°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π
°“√‡ª√¬∫‡∑¬∫√–À«“߇™“«πª≠≠“°∫‡™“«πÕ“√¡≥å
’ ’ à å í — å
‡™“«πåª≠≠“ (IQ) °—∫‡™“«πåÕ“√¡≥å (EQ) ¡’¢Õ·µ°µà“ß°—π¥—ßπ’È
í â
1. ‰Õ§‘«∑”„À⇪ìπ»“ µ√“®“√¬å Õπ¿“…“ à«πÕ’§«∑”„À⇪ìπÀ—«Àπâ“¿“§«‘™“¿“…“
‘
2. ‰Õ§‘«∑”„À⇪ìππ—° —ߧ¡«‘∑¬“¥â“π°“√·µàßß“π à«πÕ’§«∑”„À⺷µàßß“π¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢
‘ âŸ
3. ‰Õ§‘«∑”„À⇪ìπ‡¥Á°‡√’¬πÀπ—ß ◊Õ‡°àß à«πÕ’§«∑”„À⇪ìπª√–∏“π ¿“π—°‡√’¬π
‘
4. ‰Õ§‘«∑”„À⇪ìππ—°«‘‡§√“–Àå°“√§≈—ߺŸâª√“¥‡ª√◊ËÕß à«πÕ’§‘«∑”„À⇪ìπÀ—«Àπ⓺Ÿâ∫√‘À“√ (Chief
Executive Officer = CEO) ∑’§≈àÕßµ—«
Ë
5. ‰Õ§‘«™à«¬„À⇪ìππ—°∑ƒ…Æ’®µ·æ∑¬»“ µ√å à«πÕ’§«À¡“¬§«“¡«à“µπ‡Õ߉¡àµÕßæ÷ß®‘µ·æ∑¬å
‘ ‘ â Ë
6. ‰Õ§‘«∑”„À⇪ìππ—°‡¢’¬π§”ª√“»√—¬∑’‡°àß à«πÕ’§«∑”„À⇪ìππ—°ª√“»√—¬∑’¡∫“√¡’
Ë ‘ Ë ’
§”§¡‡°¬«°∫‡™“«πÕ“√¡≥å
Ë’ — å
ªí®®—¬∑’¡∫∑∫“∑ ”§—≠‡¡◊ÕºŸ¡‰Õ§‘« Ÿß¥‘π√πÀ“§«“¡√Ÿ°∫ºŸ¡‰Õ§‘«µË”‡√’¬π√Ÿâ ‰¥â¥Õ¬à“ßπà“ª√–À≈“¥„®
Ë ’ Ë â ’ È â— â ’ ’
§◊ÕÕ–‰√ ¢âÕ·µ°µà“ß¡—°®–Õ¬Ÿ∑§«“¡ “¡“√∂∑’‡√’¬°«à“ ‡™“«πåÕ“√¡≥å (Emotional Intelligence) À√◊Õ
à Ë’ Ë
Õ’§« (EQ) π—π‡Õß (·¥‡π’¬≈ ‚∂«·¡π : ºŸ‡¢’¬πµ”√“ ‡™“«πåÕ“√¡≥å)
‘ Ë â

26. À≈—°°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π 19
∫√√≥“π°√¡
ÿ
Caine, Renate Nummela and Geoffrey Caine. Making Connections : Teaching and the
Human Brain. Menlo Park, CA : Innovative Learning Publications, 1994.
Goleman, Daniel. Emotional Intelligence. New York : Bantam Books, 1995.
Jensen, Eric. Brain-Based Learning. Del Mar, CA : Turning Point Publishing, 1996.
_______ . The Learning Brain. Del Mar, CA : Turning Point Publishing, 1994.
Tenedero, Henry S. Brealing the IQ Myth. Manila, Philippines : Henyo Publications, 1998.

27. 20 À≈—°°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ‚¥¬‡πâπ ¡Õ߇ªìπ∞“π
ª√–«—µ¬ÕºŸ‡¢’¬π
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1. ™◊Õ- °ÿ≈
Ë π“¬ ÿπ∑√ ‚§µ√∫√√‡∑“
2. «—π‡¥◊Õπªï‡°‘¥ 14 °√°Æ“§¡ 2481
3. «ÿ≤°“√»÷°…“
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- §.¡. (°“√∫√‘À“√°“√»÷°…“) §√ÿ»“ µ√å ®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬, 2515
- Ph.D. ( Educational Administration), University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon,
U.S.A., 1978 (æ.». 2521)
4. ª√– ∫°“√≥å°“√∑”ß“π
2506-2509 Õπ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…·≈–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ‚√߇√’¬π«—≤π»‘≈ªá«∑¬“≈—¬ °√ÿ߇∑æœ
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(USOM) ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ µ”·Àπàßπ—°°“√»÷°…“ π—°·ª≈·≈–≈à“¡
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