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This document summarizes ovulation and corpus luteum lutelysis. It describes the process of oogenesis where oogonia develop into primary and secondary oocytes. It explains that ovulation occurs when the preovulatory follicle ruptures and releases the secondary oocyte. After ovulation, the collapsed follicle forms the corpus hemorrhagicum and later the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone. The LH surge stimulates ovulation and luteinization. Ovulation can be spontaneous or induced. The corpus luteum will lutelize due to secretion of PGF2α by the uterus, except in cases where the uterus is removed or contains a fetus, inflammation, or foreign body.
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Female reproductive system
The document summarizes key aspects of the female reproductive system, including the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, and vagina. It describes the structure and functions of the ovaries, including oogenesis and folliculogenesis. It explains how follicles develop from primordial to tertiary stages and the roles of hormones like FSH, LH, and estrogens in follicle development and ovulation. After ovulation, it describes corpus luteum formation and the roles of the corpus luteum in pregnancy or menstruation. It also briefly discusses atresia, the degeneration of ovarian follicles.
The menstrual cycle
The document discusses the physiology of menstruation, including:
1. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland regulate the menstrual cycle by releasing hormones like FSH and LH that cause egg maturation and ovulation.
2. During ovulation, a follicle ruptures and releases an egg, leaving behind the corpus luteum which produces progesterone.
3. In the absence of fertilization, progesterone levels drop and the thickened uterine lining breaks down and is shed during menstruation.
The menstrual cycle/ female reproductive cycle
The menstrual cycle consists of three phases - the menstrual, proliferative, and secretory phases. During the menstrual phase, the endometrium sheds if ovulation did not occur. In the proliferative phase, the endometrium thickens under rising estrogen levels. Ovulation occurs near the end of this phase. In the secretory phase, the corpus luteum secretes progesterone to prepare the endometrium for potential implantation. The cycle is regulated by changes in hormone levels and typically lasts around 28 days but can vary between individuals. Abnormalities include changes in cycle length, bleeding amount, or timing of menses.
Folliculogenesis
Folliculogenesis is the maturation process of ovarian follicles that contain oocytes. It begins with primordial follicles at birth and progresses through primary, secondary, tertiary, and preovulatory stages over approximately 375 days. Key changes include recruitment of granulosa and theca cells, antrum formation, and growth in response to hormones like FSH and LH. By the time of ovulation, usually one follicle remains to release its oocyte while the remaining follicles die through atresia. The supply of follicles steadily declines with age until menopause due to DNA damage accumulation that impairs repair in oocytes.
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This document summarizes the female reproductive cycle. It describes the ovarian cycle and uterine cycle, which include hormonal changes and cyclical changes in the breasts and cervix. The reproductive cycle has four phases - menstrual, pre-ovulatory, ovulatory, and post-ovulatory. During the menstrual phase, the endometrium is shed. In the pre-ovulatory phase, a dominant follicle develops under rising estrogen levels. Ovulation occurs when the dominant follicle ruptures around day 14. In the post-ovulatory phase, the corpus luteum forms and secretes progesterone to prepare the uterus for potential implantation. The cycle repeats if implantation does not occur.
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The document summarizes the key events of the human menstrual cycle. It describes how follicles in the ovaries mature and how hormones regulate the cycle. It explains that the ovarian follicle ruptures and releases an egg (ovulation) around day 14. If the egg is not fertilized, hormone levels drop and the uterine lining is shed through menstruation around day 28, starting a new cycle. Oral contraceptives work by inhibiting the hormones FSH and LH to prevent ovulation and therefore pregnancy.
menstural cycle
The document discusses the hormones released during the menstrual cycle and the steps involved. It describes that the menstrual cycle involves three phases - the menstrual phase, proliferative phase, and secretory phase. The menstrual phase lasts for 4 days and involves shedding of the endometrial lining. The proliferative phase lasts 10 days and involves thickening of the endometrial lining in preparation for implantation. The secretory phase lasts 15-28 days and involves secretion of hormones like progesterone to support implantation if fertilization occurs. Key hormones released during the cycle include FSH, LH, progesterone, and estrogen, which regulate follicle development, ovulation, and uterine lining changes.
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The document discusses human sexual reproduction and the male and female reproductive systems. It explains that sexual reproduction involves the fertilization of an egg by sperm. The fertilized egg then divides many times to form an embryo and fetus. It describes the key parts of the male reproductive system, which produces sperm and testosterone, and the female system, which produces eggs and estrogen and can nourish a developing baby. The menstrual cycle is also summarized, where an egg develops each month in the ovaries and the uterus prepares for potential pregnancy, though usually only one egg is released and menstruation occurs if fertilization does not happen.
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Female reproductive system
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The menstrual cycle
The document discusses the physiology of menstruation, including:
1. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland regulate the menstrual cycle by releasing hormones like FSH and LH that cause egg maturation and ovulation.
2. During ovulation, a follicle ruptures and releases an egg, leaving behind the corpus luteum which produces progesterone.
3. In the absence of fertilization, progesterone levels drop and the thickened uterine lining breaks down and is shed during menstruation.
The menstrual cycle/ female reproductive cycle
The menstrual cycle consists of three phases - the menstrual, proliferative, and secretory phases. During the menstrual phase, the endometrium sheds if ovulation did not occur. In the proliferative phase, the endometrium thickens under rising estrogen levels. Ovulation occurs near the end of this phase. In the secretory phase, the corpus luteum secretes progesterone to prepare the endometrium for potential implantation. The cycle is regulated by changes in hormone levels and typically lasts around 28 days but can vary between individuals. Abnormalities include changes in cycle length, bleeding amount, or timing of menses.
Folliculogenesis
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This document summarizes the female reproductive cycle. It describes the ovarian cycle and uterine cycle, which include hormonal changes and cyclical changes in the breasts and cervix. The reproductive cycle has four phases - menstrual, pre-ovulatory, ovulatory, and post-ovulatory. During the menstrual phase, the endometrium is shed. In the pre-ovulatory phase, a dominant follicle develops under rising estrogen levels. Ovulation occurs when the dominant follicle ruptures around day 14. In the post-ovulatory phase, the corpus luteum forms and secretes progesterone to prepare the uterus for potential implantation. The cycle repeats if implantation does not occur.
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The document summarizes the key events of the human menstrual cycle. It describes how follicles in the ovaries mature and how hormones regulate the cycle. It explains that the ovarian follicle ruptures and releases an egg (ovulation) around day 14. If the egg is not fertilized, hormone levels drop and the uterine lining is shed through menstruation around day 28, starting a new cycle. Oral contraceptives work by inhibiting the hormones FSH and LH to prevent ovulation and therefore pregnancy.
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The document discusses the hormones released during the menstrual cycle and the steps involved. It describes that the menstrual cycle involves three phases - the menstrual phase, proliferative phase, and secretory phase. The menstrual phase lasts for 4 days and involves shedding of the endometrial lining. The proliferative phase lasts 10 days and involves thickening of the endometrial lining in preparation for implantation. The secretory phase lasts 15-28 days and involves secretion of hormones like progesterone to support implantation if fertilization occurs. Key hormones released during the cycle include FSH, LH, progesterone, and estrogen, which regulate follicle development, ovulation, and uterine lining changes.
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The document discusses human sexual reproduction and the male and female reproductive systems. It explains that sexual reproduction involves the fertilization of an egg by sperm. The fertilized egg then divides many times to form an embryo and fetus. It describes the key parts of the male reproductive system, which produces sperm and testosterone, and the female system, which produces eggs and estrogen and can nourish a developing baby. The menstrual cycle is also summarized, where an egg develops each month in the ovaries and the uterus prepares for potential pregnancy, though usually only one egg is released and menstruation occurs if fertilization does not happen.
Hormones in the menstrual cycle
The pituitary gland secretes FSH at the start of the menstrual cycle, causing the ovary to develop an egg and release estrogen. Estrogen inhibits further FSH production and stimulates the release of LH from the pituitary gland. LH causes ovulation and the release of progesterone, thickening the lining of the uterus.
Menstrual cycle
The female reproductive cycle involves cyclical changes in the ovaries and uterus controlled by hormones. Each cycle typically lasts around 28 days and consists of four phases: the menstrual phase where the uterus sheds its lining if ovulation did not occur; the preovulatory phase where a follicle matures and estrogen levels rise; ovulation of the follicle on around day 14; and the postovulatory phase where the corpus luteum forms and secretes progesterone to thicken the uterine lining to prepare for potential implantation if fertilization occurs. If no fertilization, the corpus luteum regresses and menstruation begins, starting a new cycle.
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The document summarizes the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the main organs involved in both systems, their functions, and key stages and hormones involved in sperm production and the female menstrual cycle. For males, it outlines sperm development from spermatogonia in the testes through spermiogenesis and the roles of FSH, LH, and testosterone. For females, it describes the menstrual cycle stages under the influence of estrogen and LH from the pituitary and progesterone from the corpus luteum.
Female Reproductive Cycle
The female reproductive cycle occurs over approximately 28 days and involves changes in the ovaries and uterus controlled by hormones from the pituitary gland. Each cycle typically produces one egg and results in menstruation if fertilization does not occur. The four main phases are: 1) follicle development stimulated by FSH; 2) estrogen production under FSH influence; 3) LH surge causing ovulation; and 4) corpus luteum formation after ovulation producing progesterone to prepare the uterus if pregnancy occurs.
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REPORT ABSTRACT:
In dealing topics regarding gender and society, it is essential to discuss the anatomy and physiology of reproduction, the process of reproduction, sexual health and hygiene, adolescents, and risky behaviors. The male and female reproductive systems complement one another to produce new birth; thus, knowing about each parts of the system are fundamental in this subject. Regarding pregnancy and contraception, it is a knowledge that must be known to teens and adolescent for the future and decision-making of a teenager. Sexual healthcare and hygiene are also a primary need of every human body. It is very important to our daily routine, not just in teenage or adolescence but throughout our whole lives. Also, adolescence is when risky behaviors restrain us to become responsible adults; thus, it is important to know the different preventive interventions. Throughout this lesson, these important topics were elaborated to expound prior knowledge.
MEMBERS:
Ampig, Isidro
Arandela, Yvonne Grace
Francisco, Joseven
Labustro, Ian Harvey
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Obejero, Maynard
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The document summarizes the key components and functions of the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the internal and external organs of both systems, including the testes, ovaries, uterus, vagina, penis, and scrotum. It also outlines the menstrual cycle in females and some potential warning signs of prostate cancer in males, such as difficulty urinating or blood in the urine.
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The document summarizes the changes that occur in the dominant follicle and ovary during the periovulatory period leading up to ovulation. It describes how the LH surge induces structural changes including stigma formation, ovulation, and luteinization to form the corpus luteum. The LH surge also causes changes in endocrine function, including estrogen inhibition and progesterone synthesis. After ovulation, the corpus luteum develops from the remains of the follicle and produces progesterone to prepare the uterus for potential implantation.
Reproduction
The male and female reproductive systems produce gametes through spermatogenesis and oogenesis respectively. In males, spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes and results in the production of sperm. The female ovarian and uterine cycles are regulated by hormones which cause the maturation of eggs and preparation of the uterus for potential implantation. Both systems exhibit sexual response involving arousal, orgasm, and resolution through complex hormonal interactions between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads.
Menstruation cycle
The menstrual cycle is a 28-day cycle that involves changes in the ovaries and uterus, regulated by hormones from the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries. It includes a follicular phase where follicles in the ovaries mature, an ovulation phase where an egg is released, and a luteal phase where the corpus luteum forms and progesterone is produced. If fertilization does not occur, progesterone and estrogen levels decrease, causing the uterus to shed its lining and result in menstruation.
Male & female reproductive system
The reproductive system ensures continuation of species through reproduction. The male reproductive system contains primary sex organs (testes) that produce sperm and accessory sex organs (seminal vesicles, prostate gland, urethra) that aid in ejaculation. Spermatogenesis occurs in the testes through four stages - proliferation, growth, maturation and transformation - to produce mature sperm from germ cells over 74 days, aided by hormones like FSH, testosterone and estrogen. Testosterone is responsible for masculine development and functions in fetal life like sex differentiation and in adulthood like maintenance of spermatogenesis.
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Spermatogenesis and oogenesis are the processes by which gametes (sperm and eggs) are produced in the male and female reproductive systems. Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes and involves the production of sperm through meiosis and differentiation. Oogenesis begins during embryonic development with the formation of oocytes, and involves meiosis, follicular growth, and ovulation of a secondary oocyte from the ovaries each menstrual cycle. Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg in the fallopian tubes, forming a zygote.
Physiology of menstruation
The physiology of menstruation involves cyclic changes in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, and endometrium that are regulated by hormones. The hypothalamus secretes GnRH which stimulates the pituitary to release FSH and LH. FSH causes follicles to mature in the ovaries during the follicular phase. Rising estrogen levels cause LH and FSH levels to decrease through negative feedback. Near ovulation, estrogen peaks and causes a surge in LH which triggers ovulation. In the luteal phase, the corpus luteum forms and secretes progesterone and estrogen. If pregnancy does not occur, progesterone and estrogen levels drop, causing the thickened endometrium to shed and menstruation
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This is a presentation of ovarian follicles made by mohamed alzayat - mansoura faculty of medicine.
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Menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle involves cyclic changes in the ovaries, uterus, cervix and vagina over approximately 28 days. It begins at menarche and consists of two phases - the follicular phase where an ovarian follicle develops and ovulation occurs, and the luteal phase where the corpus luteum forms. If pregnancy does not occur, the thickened uterine lining is shed through menstruation marking the start of a new cycle. The cycle involves changes in hormone levels, the development and breakdown of tissues, and variations in the cervix and vaginal environment to prepare for potential pregnancy.
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This document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the structures of the testes, penis, and accessory glands in males. It also discusses sperm development and the hormones that regulate male reproduction. In females, it outlines the ovaries, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands. It explains the menstrual cycle and how hormones regulate female fertility and pregnancy.
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This document provides an overview of the female reproductive system, including the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, and vagina. It describes the histology and functions of each structure. In the ovaries, it summarizes oogenesis and follicular development, from primordial follicles containing primary oocytes through maturation and ovulation. The oviducts transport ova and provide a site for fertilization. The uterus provides support and nourishment to the embryo/fetus. The endometrium undergoes monthly changes in preparation for potential implantation. The cervix regulates passage between the uterus and vagina.
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The document summarizes the structure and development of ovarian follicles. It describes the four stages of follicular development: primordial, primary, secondary (antral), and tertiary (Graafian). Key points include that ovarian follicles contain a single oocyte and support cells, develop in response to FSH and LH, and either ovulate during each menstrual cycle or become atretic. The dominant follicle develops into a corpus luteum which secretes progesterone to support early pregnancy.
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The pituitary gland secretes FSH at the start of the menstrual cycle, causing the ovary to develop an egg and release estrogen. Estrogen inhibits further FSH production and stimulates the release of LH from the pituitary gland. LH causes ovulation and the release of progesterone, thickening the lining of the uterus.
Menstrual cycle
The female reproductive cycle involves cyclical changes in the ovaries and uterus controlled by hormones. Each cycle typically lasts around 28 days and consists of four phases: the menstrual phase where the uterus sheds its lining if ovulation did not occur; the preovulatory phase where a follicle matures and estrogen levels rise; ovulation of the follicle on around day 14; and the postovulatory phase where the corpus luteum forms and secretes progesterone to thicken the uterine lining to prepare for potential implantation if fertilization occurs. If no fertilization, the corpus luteum regresses and menstruation begins, starting a new cycle.
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The document summarizes the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the main organs involved in both systems, their functions, and key stages and hormones involved in sperm production and the female menstrual cycle. For males, it outlines sperm development from spermatogonia in the testes through spermiogenesis and the roles of FSH, LH, and testosterone. For females, it describes the menstrual cycle stages under the influence of estrogen and LH from the pituitary and progesterone from the corpus luteum.
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The female reproductive cycle occurs over approximately 28 days and involves changes in the ovaries and uterus controlled by hormones from the pituitary gland. Each cycle typically produces one egg and results in menstruation if fertilization does not occur. The four main phases are: 1) follicle development stimulated by FSH; 2) estrogen production under FSH influence; 3) LH surge causing ovulation; and 4) corpus luteum formation after ovulation producing progesterone to prepare the uterus if pregnancy occurs.
The menstrual cycle- Mr. panneh
this lecture was presented to the December 2016 Midwifery class of the school for Enrolled Nurses and Midwives- The Gambia.
BSCS (Gender and Society) Group B - Module 2
REPORT ABSTRACT:
In dealing topics regarding gender and society, it is essential to discuss the anatomy and physiology of reproduction, the process of reproduction, sexual health and hygiene, adolescents, and risky behaviors. The male and female reproductive systems complement one another to produce new birth; thus, knowing about each parts of the system are fundamental in this subject. Regarding pregnancy and contraception, it is a knowledge that must be known to teens and adolescent for the future and decision-making of a teenager. Sexual healthcare and hygiene are also a primary need of every human body. It is very important to our daily routine, not just in teenage or adolescence but throughout our whole lives. Also, adolescence is when risky behaviors restrain us to become responsible adults; thus, it is important to know the different preventive interventions. Throughout this lesson, these important topics were elaborated to expound prior knowledge.
MEMBERS:
Ampig, Isidro
Arandela, Yvonne Grace
Francisco, Joseven
Labustro, Ian Harvey
Lor, Fritzie
Obejero, Maynard
Siva, Syramae
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The document summarizes the key components and functions of the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the internal and external organs of both systems, including the testes, ovaries, uterus, vagina, penis, and scrotum. It also outlines the menstrual cycle in females and some potential warning signs of prostate cancer in males, such as difficulty urinating or blood in the urine.
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The document summarizes the changes that occur in the dominant follicle and ovary during the periovulatory period leading up to ovulation. It describes how the LH surge induces structural changes including stigma formation, ovulation, and luteinization to form the corpus luteum. The LH surge also causes changes in endocrine function, including estrogen inhibition and progesterone synthesis. After ovulation, the corpus luteum develops from the remains of the follicle and produces progesterone to prepare the uterus for potential implantation.
Reproduction
The male and female reproductive systems produce gametes through spermatogenesis and oogenesis respectively. In males, spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes and results in the production of sperm. The female ovarian and uterine cycles are regulated by hormones which cause the maturation of eggs and preparation of the uterus for potential implantation. Both systems exhibit sexual response involving arousal, orgasm, and resolution through complex hormonal interactions between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads.
Menstruation cycle
The menstrual cycle is a 28-day cycle that involves changes in the ovaries and uterus, regulated by hormones from the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries. It includes a follicular phase where follicles in the ovaries mature, an ovulation phase where an egg is released, and a luteal phase where the corpus luteum forms and progesterone is produced. If fertilization does not occur, progesterone and estrogen levels decrease, causing the uterus to shed its lining and result in menstruation.
Male & female reproductive system
The reproductive system ensures continuation of species through reproduction. The male reproductive system contains primary sex organs (testes) that produce sperm and accessory sex organs (seminal vesicles, prostate gland, urethra) that aid in ejaculation. Spermatogenesis occurs in the testes through four stages - proliferation, growth, maturation and transformation - to produce mature sperm from germ cells over 74 days, aided by hormones like FSH, testosterone and estrogen. Testosterone is responsible for masculine development and functions in fetal life like sex differentiation and in adulthood like maintenance of spermatogenesis.
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Spermatogenesis and oogenesis are the processes by which gametes (sperm and eggs) are produced in the male and female reproductive systems. Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes and involves the production of sperm through meiosis and differentiation. Oogenesis begins during embryonic development with the formation of oocytes, and involves meiosis, follicular growth, and ovulation of a secondary oocyte from the ovaries each menstrual cycle. Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg in the fallopian tubes, forming a zygote.
Physiology of menstruation
The physiology of menstruation involves cyclic changes in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, and endometrium that are regulated by hormones. The hypothalamus secretes GnRH which stimulates the pituitary to release FSH and LH. FSH causes follicles to mature in the ovaries during the follicular phase. Rising estrogen levels cause LH and FSH levels to decrease through negative feedback. Near ovulation, estrogen peaks and causes a surge in LH which triggers ovulation. In the luteal phase, the corpus luteum forms and secretes progesterone and estrogen. If pregnancy does not occur, progesterone and estrogen levels drop, causing the thickened endometrium to shed and menstruation
Ovarian follicles
This is a presentation of ovarian follicles made by mohamed alzayat - mansoura faculty of medicine.
Hopefully it would help you.
Oogenesis short introduction
Oogenesis is the process whereby haploid egg cells, or ova, are created in the ovaries. It begins with the development of immature ova within ovarian follicles in the germinal epithelium of the ovaries. As oogenesis continues, the ovarian follicles containing primary oocytes may undergo meiotic division to form a single ovum, or egg cell, from each follicle.
Menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle involves cyclic changes in the ovaries, uterus, cervix and vagina over approximately 28 days. It begins at menarche and consists of two phases - the follicular phase where an ovarian follicle develops and ovulation occurs, and the luteal phase where the corpus luteum forms. If pregnancy does not occur, the thickened uterine lining is shed through menstruation marking the start of a new cycle. The cycle involves changes in hormone levels, the development and breakdown of tissues, and variations in the cervix and vaginal environment to prepare for potential pregnancy.
Endocrine System~5
This document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the structures of the testes, penis, and accessory glands in males. It also discusses sperm development and the hormones that regulate male reproduction. In females, it outlines the ovaries, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands. It explains the menstrual cycle and how hormones regulate female fertility and pregnancy.
follicular development and selection
Follicular development and selection- introduction , synopsis , follicular development stages , Follicular development and hormone , follicular development explanation through the different diagram , follicular development fertilization , reference etc.
Female reproductive system
This document provides an overview of the female reproductive system, including the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, and vagina. It describes the histology and functions of each structure. In the ovaries, it summarizes oogenesis and follicular development, from primordial follicles containing primary oocytes through maturation and ovulation. The oviducts transport ova and provide a site for fertilization. The uterus provides support and nourishment to the embryo/fetus. The endometrium undergoes monthly changes in preparation for potential implantation. The cervix regulates passage between the uterus and vagina.
Ovarian follicles; Histology - March 2015
The document summarizes the structure and development of ovarian follicles. It describes the four stages of follicular development: primordial, primary, secondary (antral), and tertiary (Graafian). Key points include that ovarian follicles contain a single oocyte and support cells, develop in response to FSH and LH, and either ovulate during each menstrual cycle or become atretic. The dominant follicle develops into a corpus luteum which secretes progesterone to support early pregnancy.
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المحاظرة الخامسة / معدية / دكتور اسعد / Epizootic lymphangitis
EPIZOOTIC LYMPHANGITIS is a chronic, contagious fungal disease that affects horses, donkeys, and mules. It is characterized by suppurative lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, and skin ulcers. The causative agent is the fungus Histoplasma farciminosum. The disease spreads through direct contact with infected animals or contact with contaminated soil or flies. Clinical signs include spreading skin lesions and lymphangitis along the limbs. Diagnosis involves identifying the fungus microscopically or through culture. Treatment has limited success. Control relies on identifying and destroying infected animals, quarantining other animals, and disinfecting equipment.
GLANDERS
This document discusses glanders, a disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia mallei that affects solipeds like horses and donkeys. It presents in three main forms - nasal, cutaneous, and pulmonary. Symptoms include nasal discharge, skin nodules and ulcers, and pneumonia. Diagnosis involves isolating the bacterium or using tests like the mallein test. There is no vaccine and infected animals should be slaughtered to prevent spread, as the disease can also infect humans. Antibiotics may treat the infection but are not usually recommended due to risk of transmission and carrier status.
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المحاظرة الخامسة / معدية / دكتور اسعد / Epizootic lymphangitis
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First week of development: Ovulation to Implantation
The document summarizes key aspects of ovulation, fertilization, and early embryonic development. It describes the ovarian and menstrual cycles controlled by hormones like FSH and LH. Ovulation occurs mid-cycle due to an LH surge, releasing an egg. Sperm travel through the reproductive tract while undergoing capacitation. Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tubes, involving penetration of the egg's layers and fusion of gametes. This activates the egg and forms pronuclei, leading to cell division and pregnancy if implantation occurs. Otherwise, the corpus luteum regresses and menstruation begins.
Reproductive physiology nursing qwe..pptx
This document provides an overview of female reproductive physiology, including:
1. The process of oogenesis in the ovaries where primordial follicles develop into mature ova.
2. The roles of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina in the female reproductive system.
3. How the ovarian and menstrual cycles are regulated by hormones and synchronize the development of ova and the endometrium.
4. Fertilization occurs when an ovum is picked up by the fallopian tubes and transported to the uterus for potential implantation.
Female_reproduction.pptx
The document summarizes the female reproductive system. It describes the main organs including the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina and vulva. It explains their functions in the processes of fertilization, embryo development, and birth. Key stages include ovulation of an ovum from the ovaries, potential fertilization in the uterine tubes, implantation and development of the embryo/fetus in the uterus, and delivery of the newborn through the vagina and vulva. The menstrual or estrous cycle is regulated by hormones including estrogen and progesterone.
ovulation.pptx
The ovarian cycle begins with several follicles growing under the influence of FSH. One follicle matures and its surrounding cells produce estrogen. At mid-cycle, an LH surge causes ovulation of the oocyte from the mature follicle. After ovulation, the remaining cells of the follicle become vascularized and form the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone. Progesterone prepares the uterus for potential implantation if fertilization occurs. If implantation does not occur, progesterone levels drop and menstruation begins.
Ovarian cycle (the guyton and hall physiology)
The document summarizes the process of oogenesis and the menstrual cycle. It notes that a female is born with around 2 million primordial follicles containing primary oocytes, which decrease to around 400,000 by puberty. During each menstrual cycle, a small number of primary oocytes mature and may be ovulated, while the rest undergo apoptosis. The cycle involves the follicular phase where follicles develop, ovulation of a single oocyte on day 14, and the luteal phase where the corpus luteum forms and secretes progesterone to prepare the uterus for potential implantation. If implantation does not occur, the corpus luteum regresses and menstruation begins.
Reproductive System
The female reproductive system undergoes a monthly cycle to prepare for potential pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, the thickened uterine lining sloughs off during menstruation. The cycle consists of three phases - the follicular phase where an egg is selected and matured, ovulation of the egg, and the luteal phase where the corpus luteum secretes hormones in preparation for potential implantation. This cycle is regulated by hormones from the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries and uterus.
OOGENESIS,FOLLICULOGENESIS & OVULATON .pptx
In this presentation oogenesis , folliculogenesis and ovulation is discussed briefly . You can find useful content for your college and school projects.
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The document summarizes the key parts and functions of the female reproductive system. It describes how the ovaries produce eggs and hormones, the fallopian tubes transport eggs to the uterus, and the uterus provides nourishment for a developing fetus. It also outlines the menstrual cycle and explains how the release of eggs, changes in hormones, and shedding of the uterine lining occur in a monthly cycle. Finally, it briefly discusses the breasts and their role in lactation after pregnancy.
Female reproductive system histology .pptx
The female reproductive system contains internal organs like the ovaries, oviducts, uterus and vagina. The ovaries contain ovarian follicles at various stages of development that produce eggs and hormones. As follicles develop from primordial to secondary and mature Graafian stages, they are surrounded by layers of follicular cells. The mature Graafian follicle contains a secondary oocyte and, if fertilized, forms the corpus luteum which secretes progesterone and estrogen to prepare the uterus for pregnancy. If not fertilized, the corpus luteum degenerates into corpus albicans.
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Embryology is the study of development from fertilization to organ formation. In humans, this encompasses the first 8 weeks and includes key stages like gastrulation and organogenesis. The development involves 5 processes - gametogenesis, fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, and organogenesis. During these stages, the cells proliferate, migrate, and differentiate to form the three germ layers and subsequent organs. Fetal membranes like the amnion, chorion, yolk sac and allantois also develop to nourish and protect the growing embryo.
Embryology Lecture 4 Ovulation and fertilization
The ovarian cycle is controlled by hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. During each cycle, follicles in the ovaries mature under the influence of FSH and LH, with usually one follicle ovulating and releasing an egg. If the egg is fertilized, the corpus luteum forms and secretes hormones to support early pregnancy. Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes, where a sperm penetrates the egg's corona and zona pellucida. The sperm and egg membranes then fuse, restoring the diploid number of chromosomes and initiating cell division of the new embryo.
Physiology of menstruation by av sharma
The document summarizes the physiology of menstruation. It describes the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis that regulates the menstrual cycle. The cycle consists of two concurrent cycles - the ovarian cycle and the uterine cycle. The ovarian cycle includes the follicular phase where a follicle is selected for ovulation, and the luteal phase where the corpus luteum forms. The uterine cycle includes the proliferative phase where the endometrium thickens in response to estrogen, and the secretory phase where it is remodeled by progesterone in preparation for implantation. If implantation does not occur, hormone levels drop and the endometrium breaks down and is shed, resulting in menstruation.
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Physiology of menstrual cycle
This topic includes menstruation:- its definition, anatomical aspects- follicular growth and atresia, germ cells, premodial follicle; menstrual cycle/ ovarian cycle:- definition, phases- recruitment of groups of follicles (premature phase), selection of dominant follicle and its maturation, ovulation, follicular atresia; Endometrial cycle:- division of endometrium- basal zone, functional zone and its phases- stage of regeneration, stage of proliferation, secretory phase, menstrual phase, mechanism of menstrual bleeding, role of prostaglandins, hormones in relation to ovarian and menstrual cycle, ovulation, luteal-follicular shift, menstrual symptoms, menstrual hygiene, anovular menstruation, artificial postponement; cervical cycle, vaginal cycle and general changes in follicular and luteal phase.
Human reproduction and development
The document summarizes human reproduction and development from gamete production through conception, embryonic development, fetal development, childbirth, and the hormonal control of reproductive cycles. The male and female reproductive systems are described, including the structures involved in gamete production and transport. Fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, and organogenesis are explained as the key stages of early embryonic development.
Human Systems Poster Presentation
The document summarizes the cyclic activity of the ovaries, which consists of three phases - the follicular phase, ovulation phase, and luteal phase. It describes the roles of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries in regulating the cycle through a feedback loop. It also explains the hormone activity and changes that occur in each phase, including the roles of FSH, LH, estradiol, and progesterone in stimulating follicle growth, ovulation, and preparing the uterus for potential pregnancy.
poster for human systems (final copy)
The document summarizes the cyclic activity of the ovaries, which consists of three phases - the follicular phase, ovulation phase, and luteal phase. It describes the roles of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries in regulating the cycle through a feedback loop. It also explains the hormone activity and changes that occur in each phase, including the roles of FSH, LH, estradiol, and progesterone in stimulating follicle growth, ovulation, and preparing the uterus for potential pregnancy.
Embryology.pptx
This document provides an overview of human embryology from fertilization through the third week of development. It describes how a fertilized egg undergoes cell division and develops into a blastocyst containing an inner cell mass that will form the embryo and outer cells that will become the placenta. Around implantation, the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall and the inner and outer cells differentiate further. An amniotic cavity and yolk sac begin to form within the embryo.
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The document summarizes key aspects of the female reproductive system, including:
1) It describes various causes of infertility such as anovulation, abnormalities of the ovaries or fallopian tubes, infections like salpingitis, and cervical mucus abnormalities.
2) It explains the process of fertilization where an ovum is released and can be fertilized by sperm in the fallopian tubes over 3-5 days, and the formation of the zygote and early embryo development.
3) It outlines the process of implantation where the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall and the placenta and other structures form to allow nutrient exchange between mother and fetus.
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The document describes the key parts of the female reproductive system including internal organs like the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, and vagina as well as external genitalia. It provides details on the ovaries and ovarian follicles, discussing their development from primordial to secondary to graafian follicles. It explains ovulation, the formation and role of the corpus luteum, and the ovarian and hormonal cycles. Key points are summarized around follicular development and atresia, ovulation, the corpus luteum, and the oviduct's role in transporting the ovum and embryo.
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Vesicular stomatitis is a viral disease that affects cattle, horses, and swine. It causes the development of blisters or vesicles in the mouth and on the feet. The most common symptoms are excessive salivation and lameness. While the clinical signs are similar to foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis can be differentiated based on the species affected, presence of systemic illness, and location of lesions. Definitive diagnosis requires antibody testing or virus isolation. There is no treatment for infected animals. To control spread, infected animals should be isolated, insect vectors controlled, and movement of animals from infected premises restricted for at least 21 days after lesions have healed.
Vesicular stomatitis (تشخيصات
Vesicular stomatitis is caused by a vesiculovirus that primarily affects the oral mucosa of horses and cattle, causing blisters and sores that are painful and prevent eating. While its reservoir is unknown, it is transmitted by black flies and biting midges. The incubation period is 2-8 days, after which time blisters develop on the tongue, lips, and feet. It cannot be clinically distinguished from foot-and-mouth disease. Definitive diagnosis requires antibody testing or virus isolation.
Bovine ephemeral fever
Bovine ephemeral fever is a viral disease of cattle and water buffalo caused by the bovine ephemeral fever virus. It occurs in parts of Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Middle East, often in widespread outbreaks. Clinical signs include fever, lameness, edema, and recumbency. While mortality is usually low, it can reach 30% in very fat cattle. The disease is transmitted by arthropod vectors like mosquitoes and biting midges.
F.m.d تشخيصات
Foot-and-mouth disease is caused by an aphthovirus that has seven major serotypes. It affects cloven-hooved animals and is endemic in parts of Africa, Asia, South America, and Europe. The virus is transmitted through inhalation, ingestion, or contact between animals and infects the pharynx before spreading to other areas. This causes fever, vesicles in the mouth and on the feet, and can occasionally lead to sudden death in young animals.
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Reticulocyte stains are used to identify immature red blood cells (reticulocytes) by precipitating their residual RNA. A stain is prepared using new methylene blue and potassium oxalate or commercial stains can be purchased. Equal volumes of blood and stain are mixed and incubated before making blood films. Reticulocytes are identified and counted under a microscope by their blue aggregates or granules of precipitated RNA. Counts of reticulocytes are an indicator of bone marrow response to anemia. The percentage of reticulocytes correlates with the level of polychromatophilic erythrocytes seen on blood films.
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This document provides an introduction to hematology and performing a complete blood count. It defines hematology as the study of blood and its components. The objectives include being able to define hematology, list the components and functions of blood, describe blood values, and perform tests to determine packed cell volume and plasma protein values. The document describes the cellular components of blood, functions of blood, normal blood values, organs of the circulatory system, and procedures for a complete blood count including packed cell volume and plasma protein determination.
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Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
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Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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دكتورة حلا المحاظرة الثانية الطباعة
- 1. Ovulation and corpus luteum lutelysis Ovulation (oogenesis) the process by which ovum is produced in the ovary. This process include the following sequential stapes :- 1- oogonium produced by mitotic proliferation of primordial germ cells 2- until the final generation , oogonia enter prophase of the first meiotic division , at this point they are primary oocytes 3- primary oocyte than surrounded by a flattened layer of follicular epithelium to form primary follicles than the primary follicles proliferate and develop in to secondary oocyte at the first polar body in the telophase (each contain half number of chromosome) 4- secondary oocyte enter the second meiotic division the division is activated after fertilization by sperms during which second meiotic division is completed ootide and second polar body Ovogenesis Fetal period Meiosis 1 Secondary oocyte + 1st polar body Meiosis 2 Zygote + 2nd polar body
- 2. During the pro-estrus phase of the reproductive cycle the pre ovulation follicle develops it continue to increase in size eventually reaching a diameter up to 2-2.5 cm The follicle ruptures from the area of attach of follicle to the germinal epithelium which called stigma-the member of stigma become very thin + convex appear on the ovary surface + become empty from blood vessels and this will tend to rupture of the follicle (antrum follicle) And dis appear its content of follicle fluid in the abdominal cavity and releasing the unfertilized ovum still surrounded by cumulus cells The ovum is collected by the fimbria of the oviduct and transport down the oviduct by the a combination of cilia action and muscular contraction of the oviduct wall About one hour before ovulation the follicle forms an (apex) the point at which rupture eventually takes place After ovulation there is a rapid collapse of the follicle wall and the follicle cavity will full with blood which lead to formation of corpus hemorrhagic which can palpate it after 24 hr from ovulation cow. Meanwhile episodic release of LH in a low amplitude, high frequency pattern (intervals of one per hour or more ) resulting in higher plasma hormone concentration will have contributed to the development of the follicle and the maturation of the oocyte within it . The pre-ovulation LH surge itself consists of the summation of very rapid pulses of LH secretion. The surge will :- 1- Stimulate the process of ovulation 2- Initiates luteinization of the granulosa and the call cells of the follicle The farm animal are divided according to the ovulation in to the following 1- Spontaneous ovulation :-include the animal except 2- Induced ovulation animal :- such as queen she camel , rabbit ferret
- 3. Factor effect on lutcolysis of C.L 1- Pituitary effect :- by secretion of prolactin hormone which help in growth of C.L 2- Uterus effect which include :- A) Secretion of PGF2X which causes lucolysis of C.L B) Hysterectoruy lead to stony c.l C) Present of fetus lead to persist of CL D) Inflammation of uterus lead to persist CL E) Present of foreign body in the uterus lead to lutelysis of CL F) Washing of the uterus by salty or irritation solution help in lutolysis of C.L