The document provides an overview of SQL database development, including the use of SQL Data Definition Language (DDL), the capabilities of the SQL Developer tool, and database connection management. It explains SQL standards, various data types, and essential database components like tables and views. Installation instructions and commands for creating, altering, and dropping database structures are also included.

1. SQL Database Development

2. Overview
 Define a database using SQL data definition language
 Work with Views
 Write single table queries
 Establish referential integrity

3. SQL Overview
 Structured Query Language
 The standard for relational database management
systems (RDBMS)
 SQL-92 and SQL-99 Standards – Purpose:
 Specify syntax/semantics for data definition and
manipulation
 Define data structures
 Enable portability
 Specify minimal (level 1) and complete (level 2)
standards

4. What Is SQL Developer?
 SQL Developer is a graphical tool that enhances
productivity and simplifies database development tasks.
 You can connect to any target database schema by using
standard database authentication.
SQL Developer

5. Specifications of SQL Developer
 Developed in Java
 Supports Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X platforms
 Default connectivity by using the JDBC Thin driver
 Does not require an installer
 Unzip the downloaded SQL Developer kit and double-click
sqldeveloper.exe to start SQL Developer.
 Connects to Oracle Database version 9.2.0.1 and later
 Freely downloadable from the following link:
 http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/database/sql_develop
er/index.html
 Needs JDK 1.5 installed on your system that can be
downloaded from the following link:

http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index_jdk5.jsp

6. Installing SQL Developer
 Download the Oracle SQL Developer kit and unzip it
into any directory on your machine.

7. SQL Developer 1.2 Interface

8. Creating a Database Connection
 You must have at least one database connection to use
SQL Developer.
 You can create and test connections for:


Multiple databases
Multiple schemas
 SQL Developer automatically imports any connections
defined in the tnsnames.ora file on your system.
 You can export connections to an Extensible Markup
Language (XML) file.
 Each additional database connection created is listed in
the Connections Navigator hierarchy.

9. Creating a Database Connection
1
2
3

10. SQL Environment

11. SQL Environment
 Catalog
 A set of schemas that constitute the description of a database
 Schema
 The structure that contains descriptions of objects created by
a user (base tables, views, constraints)
 Data Definition Language (DDL)
 Commands that define a database, including creating,
altering, and dropping tables and establishing constraints
 Data Manipulation Language (DML)
 Commands that maintain and query a database
 Data Control Language (DCL)
 Commands that control a database, including administering
privileges and committing data

12. SQL Data types
 String types
 CHAR(n) – fixed-length character data, n characters long Maximum
length = 2000 bytes
 VARCHAR2(n) – variable length character data, maximum 4000 bytes
 LONG – variable-length character data, up to 4GB. Maximum 1 per
table
 Numeric types
 NUMBER(p,q) – general purpose numeric data type
 INTEGER(p) – signed integer, p digits wide
 FLOAT(p) – floating point in scientific notation with p binary digits
precision
 Date/time type
 DATE – fixed-length date/time in dd-mm-yy form

13. Design components
 Tables
 Indexes
 Views
 Transactions
 Access Authorities
 Stored Procedures
 Functions

15. SQL Database Definition
 Data Definition Language (DDL)
 Major CREATE statements:
 CREATE SCHEMA – defines a portion of the database
owned by a particular user
 CREATE TABLE – defines a table and its columns
 CREATE VIEW – defines a logical table from one or
more views
 Other CREATE statements: CHARACTER SET,
COLLATION, TRANSLATION, ASSERTION,
DOMAIN

16. Relational Data Model

17. Sample CREATE VIEW
CREATE VIEW EXPENSIVE_STUFF_V AS
SELECT PRODUCT_ID, PRODUCT_NAME, UNIT_PRICE
FROM PRODUCT_T
WHERE UNIT_PRICE >300
WITH CHECK_OPTION;
View has a name
View is based on a SELECT statement
CHECK_OPTION works only for updateable views and
prevents updates that would create rows not included in
the view

18. Changing and Removing Tables
 ALTER TABLE statement allows you to change column
specifications:
 ALTER TABLE CUSTOMER_T ADD (TYPE
VARCHAR(2))
 DROP TABLE statement allows you to remove tables
from your schema:
 DROP TABLE CUSTOMER_T

19. Schema Definition
 Control processing/storage efficiency:





Choice of indexes
File organizations for base tables
File organizations for indexes
Data clustering
Statistics maintenance
 Creating indexes
 Speed up random/sequential access to base table data
 Example
 CREATE INDEX NAME_IDX ON
CUSTOMER_T(CUSTOMER_NAME)
 This makes an index for the CUSTOMER_NAME field of the
CUSTOMER_T table

20. Thank You
 http://www.sql-programmers.com/new-sql-database-development.aspx