embryology;development of liver and gall bladder;anomalies

1. -Samyek Napit
NAIHS-COM
Kathmandu, Nepal
Embryology of Liver and
Gallbladder

2.  Foregut
 Inhibiting
factors
 By non
cardiac
mesoderm
 Ectoderm
 Notocord
 FGF2, BMPs
inhibit the
inhibiting
factors
 BMP by
septum
transversum
and FGF2 by
cardiac

3.  Outgrowth of
endodermal epithelium
appears, called Hepatic
diverticulum / pars
hepatica/liver bud
 Appears at the distal
end of foregut(junction
between forgut and
midgut)
 In the middle of the 3rd
week to early in the 4th
week

4.  Hepatic bud penetrates the
septum transversum (
mesodermal layer between
stalk of yolk sac and
pericardial cavity)
 Meanwhile, the connection
between duodenum and liver
bud narrows. This forms Bile
Duct
 Small ventral outgrowth from
bile duct arises, called Pars
cystica (Gallbladder and
Cystic duct).

5.  Liver bud divides into right and left parts.(lobes)
 The cells form cords(line of cells) which interact
with vitelline and umbilical veins in the septum
transversum to form Hepatic sinusoids
 Hematopoietic cells, Kupffer cells and connective
tissue from septum transversum

7. Opening of
Bile duct
 Initially, bile duct
opens on the ventral
aspect of the foregut
(duodenum)
 Rotation of duodenum

8.  Due to rotation, Bile
duct opens dorsally

9. Ventral mesentary
 mesoderm
 Connects foregut to
ventral abdominal wall
 Consists of
1.falciform ligament
2.Lesser omentum
o hepatogastric
ligament
o hepatoduodenal
ligament
Covered by visceral
peritoneum and capsule

11. Functions in the fetus
 Hematopoiesis
Begins during 6th week
subsides during the last 2 months only
 Bile production
Starts at 12th week
gives dark green colour to the meconium
 Liver 10 percent of total wt 10th week
 Meconium is the intestinal content

12. Anomalies of Liver and Gall
bladder
 Duplication of Gall
bladder
(Complete or partial)
 Absence of Gall
bladder
 Accessory hepatic
duct

13.  Extra-hepatic biliary
atresia
 Due to Failure to
recanalize
 Intra-hepatic biliary
duct atresia

14.  Phrygian cap
 Septum of gall
bladder
 Diverticulum of
gallbladder
Hartmann’s pouch
(infundibulum)

15. Phrygian cap Hartmann’s pouch
sessile gall bladder

16.  Floating gall bladder
Risk of torsion

17. Joins hepatic duct
on the left side

18. Thank You