SPINE- ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS BY MIN^ED ACADEMY
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This document covers the anatomy and biomechanics of the spine. It discusses the anatomy of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions of the spine. It also covers the clinically significant muscles attached to the spine and their functions. Additionally, it examines the kinematics (motions) and kinetics (forces) of the spine, including flexion, extension, lateral flexion, axial compression, bending, torsion, and shear. Finally, it outlines Fritz's three laws of spinal biomechanics regarding neutral and non-neutral mechanics and how motion in one plane modifies motion in other planes.
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2) Key points covered include the center of rotation of the eye, cardinal movements like adduction and elevation, and terms like tangential point and muscle plane.
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The cervical region of the spine provides both stability and mobility. It has the largest range of motion of any spinal region and allows for flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation. Motions at each vertebral level are coupled and dictated by bone shape, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissues. The cervical region transmits weight and stresses from the head through a combination of vertebral bodies, disks, and facet joints. Ligaments and muscles also provide stability and enable motion through their actions.
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The document summarizes various radiographic projections used to image the shoulder girdle and proximal humerus. It describes the anatomy of these structures and provides details on patient positioning, central ray angulation, and evaluation criteria for several common projections including:
1) AP, transthoracic lateral, and axillary views of the shoulder joint
2) Tangential "outlet" view of the acromioclavicular joint
3) AP oblique view of the glenoid cavity
4) AP axial view of the proximal humerus ("notch" view)
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- Trapezius - Shoulder stability
- Latissimus Dorsi - Shoulder stability
- Pectoralis Major - Shoulder stability
- Deltoids - Shoulder stability
Stabilizers:
- Gluteus Maximus - Hip extension
- Quadriceps - Knee extension
- Tibialis Anterior - Ankle dorsiflexion
Synergists:
- All muscles work together to maintain balance
local_media3407501801525169856.pptx
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Sacroiliac(SI) Joint Dysfunction,Evaluation and Treatment
Dr.MD.Monsur Rahman,PT
MPT-Musculoskeletal Disorders
Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute Of Physiotherapy And Rehabilitation, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana - Ambala,133-207 (Haryana)
Biomechanich of the spine ppt (2)
The document discusses the biomechanics of the spine. It describes the structure of the spine including the 33 vertebrae and intervertebral disks. It discusses the articulations between vertebrae including the intervertebral joints between vertebral bodies and disks, and the zygapophyseal joints between articular processes. It also describes the ligaments that connect vertebrae like the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments. The spine functions to provide support, stability, and mobility and withstands various forces like axial compression, tension, bending, torsion and shear stresses.
joint part 2.pptx11111111111111111111111
The document discusses the different types of joints in the skeletal system. It describes the three main groups of joints - fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints. It provides details on the six types of synovial joints - ball and socket, condyloid, gliding, hinge, pivot, and saddle joints. It also discusses the different movements permitted by synovial joints such as flexion, extension, circumduction, and rotation. The document concludes by covering common joint problems including sprains, dislocations, bursitis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gouty arthritis.
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SPINE- ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS BY MIN^ED ACADEMY
- 1. SPINE – ANATOMY & BIOMECHANICS RISHAV SHUKLA
- 2. TOPICS TO BE COVERED • ANATOMY OF THE CERVICAL, THORACIC & LUMBAR SPINE • CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT MUSCLES ATTACHED TO THE SPINE • FUNCTIONS OF THE SPINE • KINEMATICS • KINETICS • FRITZ LAW
- 6. MUSCLES ATTACHED TO THE SPINE WITH CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
- 8. Neural Anatomy of the Spine
- 10. FUNCTIONS OF THE SPINE
- 13. Ligaments • Anterior and Posterior Longitudinal Ligaments • Ligamentum Flavum • Interspinous Ligaments • Supraspinous Ligament • Intertransverse Ligaments • Zygapophyseal Joint Capsules
- 14. KINEMATICS
- 15. • Coupling • Flexion • Extension • Lateral Flexion
- 17. KINETICS
- 18. • Axial Compression • Bending • Torsion • Shear
- 20. FRITZ LAW
- 21. FIRST LAW/NEUTRAL MECHANICS • When the spine is in neutral, side-bending to one side will be accompanied by horizontal rotation to the opposite side. • This law is observed in type I somatic dysfunction, where more than one vertebrae are out of alignment and cannot be returned to neutral by flexion or extension of the vertebrae. • The involved group of vertebrae demonstrates a coupled relationship between side-bending and rotation. • When the spine is neutral, side bending forces are applied to a group of typical vertebrae and the entire group will rotate toward the opposite side: the side of produced convexity. • Extreme type I dysfunction is similar to scoliosis.
- 22. SECOND LAW/NON-NEUTRAL MECHANICS • When the spine is in a flexed or extended position (non-neutral), side-bending to one side will be accompanied by rotation to the same side. • Non-Neutral mechanics occur in the lumbar spine when it is forward bent. • In backward bending, the lumbar spine demonstrates neutral coupling. • In the thoracic spine, there is capability for both neutral and non-neutral coupling. • The type of coupling occurs to be a function of where you are in the thoracic curve, above or below the apex and whether you introduce side bending or rotation first. • In general, if side bending is introduced first, rotation will occur to the opposite side. If rotation is introduced first, side bending couples to the same side • This law is observed in type II somatic dysfunction, where only one vertebrae is out of place and becomes much worse on flexion or extension. • There will be rotation and side-bending in the same direction when this dysfunction is present.
- 23. THIRD LAW • When motion is introduced in one plane it will modify (reduce) motion in the other two plane. The third principle sums up the other two laws by stating dysfunction in one plane will negatively affect all other planes of motion.
- 24. THANK YOU