Spinal anatomy final
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1. The spinal column consists of 24 vertebrae plus the sacrum and coccyx bones. It contains bony elements, intervertebral discs, ligaments, joints, and neural elements like the spinal cord and nerves. 2. The spinal cord terminates around L1-L2 and transmits spinal nerves that exit through intervertebral foramina. Major blood supply comes from the vertebral arteries. 3. Three meningeal layers surround the spinal cord: the dura, arachnoid, and pia mater. The subarachnoid space contains cerebrospinal fluid between the arachnoid and pia layers.
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Spinal anatomy final
- 1. HOSAM M ATEF;MD 1H Spinal Anatomy
- 2. H 2 Overview: Gross Spinal Anatomy • Bony elements • Spinal ligaments and joints • Intervertebral discs • Neural elements • Blood supply
- 7. H 7 Vertebral Column • 24 separate vertebrae plus two composite vertebrae: – 7 cervical – 12 thoracic – 5 lumbar – Composites: • Sacrum: 5 pieces • Coccyx: 4 pieces
- 13. Pars Defect: Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
- 22. Spinous process
- 23. C1
- 24. C2
- 34. Zygapophyseal joints • True synovial joints: – Covered by fibrous capsule – Filled with synovial fluid – Hyaline cartilage lining bony surfaces – Innervated with nociceptive fibers • Posterior spinal structures – Nerve root exits anterior to joint through foramen H 34
- 35. H Zygapophyseal joints • Lumbar joints: – oriented obliquely at L5-S1 – Oriented increasingly more in the sagittal plane up to thoracic levels • Cervical joints are tilted cephalocaudad • Joints are curved structures
- 40. Spinous processes Zygapophyseal joints Articular pillars Intervertebral foramina Rib articulations
- 42. H 42 Atlanto-axial and atlanto-occipital joints • Anterior spinal structures – Nerve root exits posterior to joint – No associated neural foramen • Do not have typical medial branch innervation • True synovial joints
- 43. Sacroiliac Joint
- 47. Neural Elements
- 48. H 48 Spinal cord • Begins at C1 and ends at L1-2 • Transmits bilateral, segmental spinal nerves: – 8 cervical – 12 thoracic – 5 lumbar – 5 sacral
- 49. L1 Filum terminale Cervical expansion Lumbar expansion S2 Cauda equina Dura
- 50. Filum terminale Lumbar expansion Cauda equina Termination of dural sac Cervical expansion
- 51. Spinal Nerves
- 52. H 52 Spinal nerve • Originate from a dorsal and ventral root – Roots originate intra-durally, exit through dural root sleeve • Give rise to dorsal and ventral primary rami
- 55. Ventral ramus Ventral root Filum terminale Dorsal root ganglion Dorsal root
- 57. Nerve Roots
- 62. H 62 Cervical nerve roots • C5 contacts the disc in the proximal foramen • C6 and C7 have considerable contact with their respective discs in the middle foramen • C8 has little contact with the C7-T1 disc
- 63. H 63 Neural foramina • Transmit spinal nerves • First and second spinal nerves (C1, C2) do not exit via a foramen • First neural foramen is C2-3 which transmits the C3 spinal nerve • There are 8 cervical nerves with C8 exiting out the C7-T1 foramen
- 64. Uncovertebral joint Uncinate process Superior and inferior articular processes Foramen transversarium Neural foramen Disc
- 65. H 65 Numbering of spinal nerve roots • In the cervical spine, the last number of the foramen names the exiting nerve: – C3 exits the C2-3 foramen – C7 exits the C6-7 foramen • C8 exits the C7-T1 foramen • From T1-2 down, the first number of the foramen names the exiting nerve: – L3 exits the L3-4 foramen
- 66. C5-6, C6-7 joints C4, C5 and C6 articular pillars C2 and C3 spinous processes C2-3 and C3-4 foramina C4 C3 C5 C6 C8 C7 C6, C7 vertebral bodies
- 68. Dorsal Primary Rami And Medial Branches
- 70. C5-6 and C6-7 zygapophyseal joints C4, C5 and C6 articular pillars C2 and C3 spinous processes C2-3 and C3-4 foramina TON Medial branch of C3 Medial branch of C4 Medial branch of C5 Medial branch of C8 C4 C3 C5 C6 C8 C7
- 72. Lumbar Disc
- 76. phospholipase A2 prostaglandin E histamine inflammatory polypeptides Internal Disc Disruption
- 77. Cervical Disc
- 80. Course of the Vertebral Artery
- 83. Posterior View of Brainstem Basilar artery Vertebral arteries Anterior spinal artery
- 84. Spinal Cord Blood Supply
- 85. great radicular artery of Adamkiewicz thoracic radicular artery Cervical radicular arteries L and R vertebral arteries Ascending sacral radicular artery
- 86. Meninges of the Brain and Spinal Cord
- 87. H 87 Meninges • The dura mater surrounds the brain and spinal cord • The arachnoid lies just beneath the dura • Pia mater covers and is adherent to the brain and spinal cord • CSF flows between the arachnoid and the pia mater
- 90. End