Spermatogenesis is the process of sperm formation in the male reproductive system, occurring within the seminiferous tubules and involving the development of spermatids and spermatozoa. The process encompasses multiple phases: multiplication of germ cells, growth into primary spermatocytes, and maturation into secondary spermatocytes and finally spermatids, followed by spermiogenesis where spermatids are transformed into motile sperm. Hormonal control, particularly through GnRH, FSH, LH, and testosterone, regulates this process, and it results in the production of four sperm from each spermatogonium, maintaining genetic variation and chromosomal integrity across species.

1. SPERMATOGENESIS
SUBMITTED BY-
UTTARAN MODHUKALYA
BAHONA COLLEGE
ZOOLOGY DEPT. 1

2. CONTENTS
DEFINATION
PROCESS OF SPERMATOGENESIS
STRUCTURE OF SPERM
HORMONAL CONTROL IN
SPERMATOGENESIS
CONCLUSION
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3. WHAT IS SPERMATOGENESIS ?
• The process of formation of sperm is called
spermatogenesis. The seminiferous tubules
are lined by germinal epithelium consists
largely of cuboidal primary or primordial germ
cell and contains certain tall somatic cells
called Sertoli cells. Spermatogenesis also
include process of formation of spermatids
and spermatozoa.
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4. PROCESS OF SPERMATOGENESIS
 Formation of spermatids
A. Multiplication Phase
B. Growth Phase
C. Maturation Phase
Spermiogenesis
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5. FORMATION OF SPERMATIDS
• The premordial germ cell of testes forms spermatids.
It has three phase
• A. Multiplication Phase :-The primary germ cell that
present in the seminiferous tubule form
spermatogonia (2n) by mitotic division .
• B. Growth Phase :- The spermatogonia increase in size
by accumulation of nuclear material and attain
maturity ,called as primary spermatocytes(2n).
• C. Maturation Phase :- Here two maturation division
occurs. Firstly, primary spermatocytes form secondary
spermatocytes (n) by reduction division of meiotic-I .
Again secondary spermatocytes form spermatids(n)
by meiotic –II . 5

6. SPERMiOGENESIS
• The process by which rounded nonmotile spermatids are
converted to active and mobile sperms is called
Spermeogenesis .
• 1. The nucleus shrinks ,chromosome become closely
packed.
• 2.All nuclear material (except DNA) get lost.
• 3. The sperm nucleus become elongated and narrow.
• 4.The spermatid contain two centriole in the centrosome
which move to lie behind the nucleus.
• 5. All mitochondria spirally arranged in the middle piece of
spermatozoa.
• 6. The Golgi apparatus form acrosome .
• 7.Most of cytoplasm are eliminated and remaining forms a
condensed layer surrounding the middle piece. 6

7. STAGE OF SPERMioGENESIS
NECK
HEAD
FLAGELLA
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8. Fig: Spermatogenesis 8

9. Fig : T.S. of testis
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10. STRUCTURE OF SPERM
• It has two parts
A. Head
B. Tail
 Head : It has nucleus and acrosome with a triangular
shape. Acrosome is double layered and cap like
structure. The nucleus contain concentrated DNA .
 Tail : Tail is the longest part of a sperm provides
locomotion to the sperm. It is divided into 3 sub-
divisions i.e., neck, middle piece and end piece. Neck
contains two centrioles(one proximal & other is distal).
The middle piece bear tightly coiled mitochondria
which supplies energy for motility of sperms. The end
piece contain two central fibers surrounded by 9
peripheral fibers.
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11. FIGURE SHOWING STRUCTURE OF A SPERM
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12. HORMONAL CONTROL IN SPERMATOGENESIS
1.GnRH released
2.GnRH to pituitary cells
3.FSH and ABP
4.LH binding to interstitial
cells
5.Testosterone levels rise
6.Testosterone enters the
blood stream
7.Testosterone ‘feedback’
8.Inhibin
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13. CONCLUSION
• During spermatogenesis, one spermatogonium
produces four sperms. The sperms have half
number o chromosomes. After fertilization, the
diploid chromosome number is restored in the
zygote. It maintains the chromosome number of
the species. During meiosis-I crossing over takes
place which brings about variation.
Spermatogenesis occurs in various organisms.
Thus it supports the evidence of the basic
relationships of the organism.
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14. THANK YOU
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