The document discusses speech act theory and illocutionary acts. It explains that whenever someone says something, they perform three simultaneous acts: a locutionary act (the utterance itself), an illocutionary act (the intent or purpose behind the utterance), and a perlocutionary act (the consequences or effects of the utterance). It then describes Searle's classification of illocutionary acts into five categories: assertives, directives, commissives, expressives, and declarations. The document provides examples of direct and indirect speech acts and how the meaning is not always directly expressed and must be inferred.