The document provides explanations and examples of different types of pronouns in English, including indirect speech, reflexive pronouns, personal pronouns, indefinite pronouns, and the uses of "should" and present/past participles. It defines each pronoun type, gives rules for their use, and provides illustrative examples in sentences. Links to additional online English grammar resources on these topics are also included.

1. SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURA
IN NORTH EASTERN
ENGENER: OSCAR GARCÍA
INGLISH
PRACTICE NO. 5
GAMARRO CASTAÑEDA ALEX ARIEL
5TO. EXPERT AGRONOMIST
SECTION: “A”
REPORT PEACH INDIFINITE PRONOUNS MARCH 4TH 2015

2. INDIRECT SPEECH, UNLIKE THE DIRECT STYLE, DO NOT USE THE QUOTES AND NEED NOT BE VERBATIM. IN GENERAL, WHEN INDIRECT
SPEECH IS USED, THE TENSE CHANGES. HERE YOU HAVE AN EXPLANATION OF THE CHANGES THEY UNDERGO TENSES.
SOMETIMES "THAT" IS USED IN THE AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE TO INTRODUCE WHAT THE OTHER PERSON HAS SAID PHRASES. ON
THE OTHER HAND, INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES CAN BE USED "IF" OR "WHETHER".
NOTE: ALSO CONSIDER THAT EXPRESSIONS CHANGE OVER TIME SPEECH. NOTICE THE CHANGE OF TIME IN THE EXAMPLES BELOW,
AND THEN FIND A TABLE WITH MORE EXPLANATIONS OF THE CHANGES OF TIME IN SPEECH.
EXAMPLES:
THEY SAID THAT THEY HADN'T BEEN WAITING LONG.
HE ASKED IF I'D BEEN SLEEPING WHEN HE CALLED.
HEATHER TOLD ME THAT SHE'D ALREADY EATEN.
Reported speach

3. PRESENT PARTICIPLE
THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE IS OFTEN USED WHEN WE WANT TO EXPRESS AN ACTIVE ACTION. IN ENGLISH WE
ADD -ING TO THE INFINITIVE OF THE VERB.
PAST PARTICIPLE
THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE IS OFTEN USED WHEN WE WANT TO EXPRESS A PASSIVE ACTION. IN ENGLISH WE
ADD -ED TO THE INFINITIVE OF REGULAR VERBS. WE USE THE 3RD COLUMN OF THE TABLE OF THE
IRREGULAR VERBS.
Present and past participe

4. PROGRESSIVE TENSES
HE IS READING A BOOK.
HE WAS READING A BOOK.
GERUND
READING BOOKS IS FUN.
HE LIKES READING BOOKS.
ADJECTIVE
LOOK AT THE READING BOY.
TOGETHER WITH OTHER WORDS
HE CAME READING AROUND THE CORNER.
HE SAT READING IN THE CORNER.
I SAW HIM READING.
Examples Present participle

5. PERFECT TENSES
HE HAS FORGOTTEN THE PENCIL.
HE HAD FORGOTTEN THE PENCIL.
PASSIV VOICE
A HOUSE IS BUILT.
A HOUSE WAS BUILT.
ADJECTIVE
LOOK AT THE WASHED CAR.
TOGETHER WITH OTHER WORDS
THE CAR WASHED YESTERDAY IS BLUE.
HE HAD HIS CAR WASHED.
Examples Past participle

6. USE 'SHOULD' TO EXPRESS THE DEGREE OF LIKELIHOOD OR PROBABILITY, AND ALSO TO WEAK OBLIGATION. IT
MEANS, SHOULD, SHOULDI. I SHOULD STUDY.
I SHOULD. SHOULD / SHOULD
AFFIRMATIVE
YOU SHOULD TELL MISS BAKER THE TRUTH.
DEBERÍAS DECIRLE LA VERDAD A LA SEÑORITA BAKER.
NEGATIVE
YOU SHOULD NOT SAY THAT.
NO DEBERÍAS DECIR ESO.
INTERROGATIVE
SHOULD I WRITE MAGGIE A LETTER?
¿DEBERÍA YO ESCRIBIRLE UNA CARTA A MAGGIE?
SHOULD + HAVE
CHARLIE SHOULD HAVE CONSULTED ME.
CHARLIE DEBERÍA HABERME CONSULTADO.
use Should

7. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS ARE USED WHEN THE SUBJECT AND THE VERB ARE THE SAME. REFLEXIVE VERBS IN
ENGLISH AND SPANISH BOTH ARE USED. INSTEAD OF REFLEXIVE VERBS, USE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS.
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
MYSELF : MYSELF, ME
YOURSELF : YOURSELF (YOU), YOURSELF (TO YOU)
HIMSELF : HIMSELF, HIMSELF
HERSELF : HERSELF, ITSELF
ITSELF : HIMSELF, HIMSELF
OURSELVES: OURSELVES
YOURSELVES : YOURSELVES, YOURSELVES
THEMSELVES: THEMSELVES
Reflexive Pronouns

8. MYSELF:
I CUT MYSELF WITH A KNIFE.
YOURSELF:
YOU WILL HURT YOURSELF WITH THAT KNIFE.
HIMSELF :
HE LOOKED AT HIMSELF IN THE MIRROR.
HERSELF :
SHE BURNED HERSELF WHILE COOKING THE PIZZA.
ITSELF:
THE BIRD THREW ITSELF INTO THE WATER.
OURSELVES:
WE PUT OURSELVES AT GREAT RISK IN THAT SITUATION.
YOURSELVES:
YOU ALL CAN CONSIDER YOURSELVES LUCKY TO BE HERE.
THEMSELVES:
THEY FOUND THEMSELVES IN SERIOUS TROUBLE.
Examples Reflexive Pronouns

9. PERSONAL PRONOUNS REPRESENT SPECIFIC PEOPLE OR THINGS. WE USE THEM DEPENDING ON:
NUMBER: SINGULAR (EG: I) OR PLURAL (EG: WE)
PERSON: 1ST PERSON (EG: I), 2ND PERSON (EG: YOU) OR 3RD PERSON (EG: HE)
GENDER: MALE (EG: HE), FEMALE (EG: SHE) OR NEUTER (EG: IT)
CASE: SUBJECT (EG: WE) OR OBJECT (EG: US)
WE USE PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN PLACE OF THE PERSON OR PEOPLE THAT WE ARE TALKING ABOUT. MY NAME IS
JOSEF BUT WHEN I AM TALKING ABOUT MYSELF I ALMOST ALWAYS USE "I" OR "ME", NOT "JOSEF". WHEN I AM
TALKING DIRECT TO YOU, I ALMOST ALWAYS USE "YOU", NOT YOUR NAME. WHEN I AM TALKING ABOUT
ANOTHER PERSON, SAY JOHN, I MAY START WITH "JOHN" BUT THEN USE "HE" OR "HIM". AND SO ON.
Personal Pronouns

10. EXAMPLES (IN EACH PAIR, THE FIRST SENTENCE SHOWS A SUBJECT PRONOUN, THE SECOND AN OBJECT
PRONOUN):
I LIKE COFFEE. / JOHN HELPED ME.
DO YOU LIKE COFFEE? / JOHN LOVES YOU.
HE RUNS FAST. / DID RAM BEAT HIM?
SHE IS CLEVER. / DOES MARY KNOW HER?
IT DOESN'T WORK. / CAN THE MAN FIX IT?
Examples Personal Pronouns
number person gender
personal pronouns
subject object
singular
1st male/ female I me
2nd male/ female you you
3rd
male he him
female she her
neuter it it
plural
1st male/ female we us
2nd male/ female you you
3rd
male/
female/
neuter
they them

11. AN INDEFINITE PRONOUN DOES NOT REFER TO ANY SPECIFIC PERSON, THING OR AMOUNT. IT IS VAGUE AND
"NOT DEFINITE". SOME TYPICAL INDEFINITE PRONOUNS ARE:
ALL, ANOTHER, ANY, ANYBODY/ANYONE, ANYTHING, EACH, EVERYBODY/EVERYONE, EVERYTHING, FEW, MANY,
NOBODY, NONE, ONE, SEVERAL, SOME, SOMEBODY/SOMEONE
Indefinite Pronouns

12. Examples Indefinite Pronouns
pronoun meaning example
s
i
n
g
u
l
a
r
another
an additional or different person
or thing
That ice-cream was good. Can I
have another?
anybody/ anyone no matter what person
Can anyone answer this
question?
anything no matter what thing
The doctor needs to know if you
have eaten anything in the last
two hours.
each
every one of two or more people
or things, seen separately
Each has his own thoughts.
either
one or the other of two people or
things
Do you want tea or coffee? / I
don't mind. Either is good for me.
enough as much or as many as needed Enough is enough.

13. p
l
u
r
a
l
both
two people or things, seen
together
John likes coffee but not tea.
I think both are good.
few
a small number of people or
things
Few have ever disobeyed
him and lived.
fewer
a reduced number of people
or things
Fewer are smoking these
days.
many
a large number of people or
things
Many have come already.
others other people; not us
I'm sure that others have
tried before us.
several more than two but not many
They all complained and
several left the meeting.
s
i
n
g
u
l
a
r
/
p
l
u
r
a
l
all
the whole quantity of something or
of some things or people
All is forgiven.
All have arrived.
any no matter how much or how many
Is any left?
Are any coming?
more
a greater quantity of something; a
greater number of people or
things
There is more over there.
More are coming.
most the majority; nearly all
Most is lost.
Most have refused.
none not any; no person or persons
They fixed the water so why is
none coming out of the tap?
I invited five friends but none
have come.*

14. E-GRAPHY
https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/pronouns-indefinite.htm
http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/pronombres-personales.php
http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/main-verbs/should.php
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/participles_form.htm