This document describes various special tests used to examine the knee joint. It lists the Patellar Grinding Test for the patella, Anterior Drawer Test for the ACL, Posterior Drawer Test for the PCL, Valgus Stress Test for the MCL, and Varus Stress Test for the LCL. It also mentions Apley's Grinding Test and McMurray's Test which are used to examine the meniscus. For each test, it provides a brief description of the procedures and positioning.

1. KNEE JOINT

2. SPECIAL TESTS
• Patellar GrindingPATELLA
• Anterior Drawer TestACL
• Posterior Drawer TestPCL
• Valgus Stress TestMCL
• Varus Stress TestLCL
• Apley’s Grinding
• McMurray’s TestMENISCUS

3. PATELLAR
GRINDING
TEST
Compression of patella
against the femur by
‘cupping’ the knee.

4. ANTERIOR
DRAWER
TEST
Patient supine with
knee bent 90°. Examiner
stabilizes foot with hip
and places thumbs over
the anterior knee joint
line and pulls the tibia
anteriorly.

5. POSTERIOR
DRAWER
TEST
Patient supine with
knee bent 90°. Examiner
places thumbs over the
anterolateral
and anteromedial knee
joint line. Examiner
pushes the tibia
posteriorly.

6. VALGUS
STRESS TEST
Patient supine with legs
straight. Examiner
stabilizes medial ankle
& applies a lateral to
medial (valgus) force at
the knee. Procedure is
then repeated with the
knee slightly flexed (-
25°)

7. VARUS
STRESS TEST
Patient supine with legs
straight. Examiner
stabilizes lateral ankle
and applies a medial to
lateral (varus) force at
the knee. Procedure is
then repeated with the
knee slightly flexed
(25°).

8. APLEY’S
GRINDING
TEST
Patient prone with knee
flexed 90°. Examiner
applies downward force
on the foot and rotates
internally/externally.

9. MCMURRAY’S
TEST
Patient supine or side-lying with
hip flexed at 90° & knee flexed
90°. Examiner stabilizes
patient’s knee over distal
quadriceps muscles and grips
patient’s heel with the other hand
and applies long axis
compression. Examiner then
rotates the tibia internally while
applying a varus force.
Examiner then rotates the tibia
laterally while applying a
valgus force.