Forest fires are becoming more frequent and larger, and most are triggered by human activities. Carbon emissions from fire-related forest degradation are growing in importance as emissions from deforestation drop, so effectively measuring and monitoring forest fires is a crucial component for the success of REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation). In this presentation, Ane Alencar from IPAM explains their research on forest fires, and the implications of fires for forest degradation and future carbon emissions.
Ane Alencar gave this presentation on 8 March 2012 at a workshop organised by CIFOR, ‘Measurement, Reporting and Verification in Latin American REDD+ Projects’, held in Petropolis, Brazil. Credible baseline setting and accurate and transparent Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) of results are key conditions for successful REDD+ projects. The workshop aimed to explore important advances, challenges, pitfalls, and innovations in REDD+ methods — thereby moving towards overcoming barriers to meeting MRV requirements at REDD+ project sites in two of the Amazon’s most important REDD+ candidate countries, Peru and Brazil. For further information about the workshop, please contact Shijo Joseph via s.joseph (at) cgiar.org
Signs from the zHome educational tours. zHome, the first net-zero energy town home community in the US, was open to the public in the fall of 2011 for educational tours.
Knowledge and brokerage in REDD+ policymaking: evidence from TanzaniaCIFOR-ICRAF
Using national REDD+ strategy development in Tanzania as a case study, this presentation asks how national policymakers make sense of the complex information available about REDD+, who are the central knowledge and information actors and brokers, and what influence these dynamics and discourses have on the creation of REDD+ policy. There are implications in this research for breaking the stalemate on polarising issues and improving the chances of an effective policy being produced.
Salla Rantala from the Harvard Kennedy School’s Sustainability Science Program gave this presentation on 18 June 2012 at a panel discussion organised by CIFOR and partners at the ISEE 2012 Conference at Rio, which convened under the topic "Ecological Economics and Rio+20: Challenges and Contributions for a Green Economy". The panel was titled ‘National strategies for reducing emissions from avoided deforestation and degradation – how much transformational change is possible in current political and economic realities? Part I – An overview’. For more information, visit http://www.cifor.org/events/rio20/
Local peoples’ perspectives on the effectiveness of REDD+ in changing land us...CIFOR-ICRAF
REDD+ effectiveness is commonly assessed through recorded emission reductions within a given period and area. This paper proposes a novel approach to evaluate REDD+ effectiveness, where greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions are determined through self-reporting of changes in land use activities and natural resource management that generate these emissions.
Signs from the zHome educational tours. zHome, the first net-zero energy town home community in the US, was open to the public in the fall of 2011 for educational tours.
Knowledge and brokerage in REDD+ policymaking: evidence from TanzaniaCIFOR-ICRAF
Using national REDD+ strategy development in Tanzania as a case study, this presentation asks how national policymakers make sense of the complex information available about REDD+, who are the central knowledge and information actors and brokers, and what influence these dynamics and discourses have on the creation of REDD+ policy. There are implications in this research for breaking the stalemate on polarising issues and improving the chances of an effective policy being produced.
Salla Rantala from the Harvard Kennedy School’s Sustainability Science Program gave this presentation on 18 June 2012 at a panel discussion organised by CIFOR and partners at the ISEE 2012 Conference at Rio, which convened under the topic "Ecological Economics and Rio+20: Challenges and Contributions for a Green Economy". The panel was titled ‘National strategies for reducing emissions from avoided deforestation and degradation – how much transformational change is possible in current political and economic realities? Part I – An overview’. For more information, visit http://www.cifor.org/events/rio20/
Local peoples’ perspectives on the effectiveness of REDD+ in changing land us...CIFOR-ICRAF
REDD+ effectiveness is commonly assessed through recorded emission reductions within a given period and area. This paper proposes a novel approach to evaluate REDD+ effectiveness, where greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions are determined through self-reporting of changes in land use activities and natural resource management that generate these emissions.
CIFOR’s contribution to ASFCC: evidence, capacity building and engagementCIFOR-ICRAF
Presents findings from three studies in Indonesia on social forestry, in Laos on REDD+, and in Vietnam on swidden agriculture.
The presentation was given at the ASFN Annual meeting in Palawan in June 2016.
China's Conversion of Cropland to Forest Program: Monitoring, evaluation & fu...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Nick Hogarth gives information about the background of CIFOR-FEDRC partnership to analyze the impact of the China's Sloping lands conversion program. In addition, it presents scopes of the activities including analysis of the exixting FEDRC data set, fieldwork for collecting new data, dissemination and knowledge sharing, and potential research in the future
Presented by Terry Sunderland, CIFOR Principal Scientist and Team Leader, Sustainable Landscapes and Food Systems, on 8 December 2016 at a CGIAR-CBD Linkages side event at CBD COP13, Cancun, Mexico.
Green Economy and Furniture Value ChainsCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Herry Purnomo during the Forests Asia Summit in the discussion forum "Equitable development: Improving livelihood benefits for smallholders in the forestry value chain" shows why value chains are important, what the state of the global furniture trade is and the focuses on the local Jepara furniture is like.
Legal and Policy Framework for Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in ThailandCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation was given by Orapan Nabangchang on the “Regional workshop on Payment for Environmental Services” on November 20 2014 in Hanoi, Vietnam. The overall aim of the workshop was to enhance the understanding and capacity of policy makers, PES practioners, and researcher communities on the topic of payments for ecosystem services and ecosystem-based approaches and also to increase dialogue between them on latest lessons learned and recommendations for effective, efficient and equitable implementation of PES.
The role of mangroves in the fight against climate changeCIFOR-ICRAF
Vietnam is one of the few tropical countries that has increased its forest cover over the past several years, so it plays a unique and important role in global discussions on the importance of forests in combating climate change, sustaining people’s livelihoods and safeguarding biodiversity. Vietnam is also one of five countries expected to be most affected by climate change, due to its long coastline and stretched natural resources.
CIFOR scientist Daniel Murdiyarso gave this presentation on the importance of mangroves for climate change mitigation and adaptation at a journalist training workshop on ‘Investing in coastal ecosystems’ held on 27–29 March 2012 in Da Nang City, Vietnam. Media plays a critical role in informing and influencing public perception, as well as informing policymakers. But aside from limited coverage, most environmental articles, and those on climate change and REDD in particular, are of low quality in Vietnam, most notably in objective reporting of scientific findings. To address these gaps and in response to requests, CIFOR organised a series of media trainings in Vietnam in association with Transparency International, IUCN, UN-REDD and the National Journalism Association.
Bridging the gap: sustainable forests, agriculture and food securityCIFOR-ICRAF
Terry Sunderland, Principal Scientist & Team Leader, Sustainable Landscapes and Food Systems
PEFC Conference: ”Sustainable Landscapes, Sustainable Livelihoods”
Bali, 17th November 2016
Which actor holds the right to the land is going to determine how the resources will be used, so it follows that changes in tenure will have an influence on the landscape. This presentation uses various methods to look at the dynamic between land tenure and land use change in the Brazilian Amazon. This presentation was given during CIFOR’s Annual Meeting 2012, which was held on 1–5 October at the headquarters in Bogor, Indonesia.
“Green development” in Indonesia: harmonizing land-based investment and GHG e...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation given by K. Obidzinski, H. Komarudin, A. Dermawan and A. Andrianto focuses on the the gap between development targets and ENV sustainability and the way to harmonize DEV and ENV agendas. It also aims to stimulate discussion about the relationship between DEV and Climate Change initiatives in the province. Kalimantan is one of Indonesia’s 6 economic centers. The main economic activities are the extraction of energy and mineral resources, timer and the cultivation of oil palms. But MP3EI (Masterplan Percepatan dan Perluasan Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia)-goals, clash with environmental sustainability. Concerns exist especially relating to concessions for oil palm plantations, timber plantations and coal mining, since they would affect several M Ha of forest land. The circumstances call for a “green economy” approach, whose challenges are still to be overcome.
Generating and communicating science information to support policy and decisi...CIFOR-ICRAF
Communicating science information is vital for supporting policy and decision-making in forestry, because there is still a sizeable gap between knowledge and uptake/adoption. This presentation explores the impact pathway, particularly in relation to CRP6 (the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry), emphasising that policy knowledge is only effective when shared appropriately.
CIFOR scientist and CRP6 Director Robert Nasi gave this presentation on 28 June 2012 at the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and African Forest Forum (AFF) Forest Policy Day, held in Nairobi, Kenya, in conjunction with the IUFRO-FORNESSA Regional Congress. The theme of the forest policy day was “The policy-science interface for sustainable forest management in Africa”. For more information about CRP6, please visit www.cifor.org/crp6
Market for timber and non-timber productsCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Aulia Perdana from ICRAF given during the Forests Asia Summit in the discussion forum "Equitable development: Improving livelihood benefits for smallholders in the forestry value chain" shows producer characteristics, characteristics of markets and sellers, traded commodities and products and recommendations.
Exploring plant indicators for soil quality assessment in Laos: improving the...CIFOR-ICRAF
According to the World Bank, in 2009 about 40% of the population in Laos were living below the poverty line, and as forests are cleared for agriculture, land use planning is now a national policy to reduce shifting cultivation and fight poverty. Using communities in the Viengkham District of Laos as a case study, the work presented here explores whether locally recognised plant indicators of soil productivity could improve land use planning by involving local communities in land management.
CIFOR researcher Imam Basuki gave this presentation at the 18th International Symposium on Society & Resource Management (ISSRM) held on 17–21 June 2012 at the University of Alberta, Canada. The main theme of the conference was ‘Linking North and South: Responding to Environmental Change’, and 350 participants from 50 countries came together to discuss the intersection of social issues and natural resource management.
John Hunter (on behalf of Peter Croft) of the University of New England describes how wildfires and hazard reduction burns affect both the quality and amount of fauna habitat in Australian forests and woodlands. This presentation shows that the potential deleterious impacts on fauna of increased hazard reduction targets can be mitigated only by undertaking strategic burning, protecting remnant areas of long unburnt vegetation and increasing the upper fire thresholds of some vegetation communities in fire management.
Presentation from Nature Conservation Council of NSW 2017 Bushfire Conference - Fire, Fauna & Ferals: from backyards to bush.
CIFOR’s contribution to ASFCC: evidence, capacity building and engagementCIFOR-ICRAF
Presents findings from three studies in Indonesia on social forestry, in Laos on REDD+, and in Vietnam on swidden agriculture.
The presentation was given at the ASFN Annual meeting in Palawan in June 2016.
China's Conversion of Cropland to Forest Program: Monitoring, evaluation & fu...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Nick Hogarth gives information about the background of CIFOR-FEDRC partnership to analyze the impact of the China's Sloping lands conversion program. In addition, it presents scopes of the activities including analysis of the exixting FEDRC data set, fieldwork for collecting new data, dissemination and knowledge sharing, and potential research in the future
Presented by Terry Sunderland, CIFOR Principal Scientist and Team Leader, Sustainable Landscapes and Food Systems, on 8 December 2016 at a CGIAR-CBD Linkages side event at CBD COP13, Cancun, Mexico.
Green Economy and Furniture Value ChainsCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Herry Purnomo during the Forests Asia Summit in the discussion forum "Equitable development: Improving livelihood benefits for smallholders in the forestry value chain" shows why value chains are important, what the state of the global furniture trade is and the focuses on the local Jepara furniture is like.
Legal and Policy Framework for Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) in ThailandCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation was given by Orapan Nabangchang on the “Regional workshop on Payment for Environmental Services” on November 20 2014 in Hanoi, Vietnam. The overall aim of the workshop was to enhance the understanding and capacity of policy makers, PES practioners, and researcher communities on the topic of payments for ecosystem services and ecosystem-based approaches and also to increase dialogue between them on latest lessons learned and recommendations for effective, efficient and equitable implementation of PES.
The role of mangroves in the fight against climate changeCIFOR-ICRAF
Vietnam is one of the few tropical countries that has increased its forest cover over the past several years, so it plays a unique and important role in global discussions on the importance of forests in combating climate change, sustaining people’s livelihoods and safeguarding biodiversity. Vietnam is also one of five countries expected to be most affected by climate change, due to its long coastline and stretched natural resources.
CIFOR scientist Daniel Murdiyarso gave this presentation on the importance of mangroves for climate change mitigation and adaptation at a journalist training workshop on ‘Investing in coastal ecosystems’ held on 27–29 March 2012 in Da Nang City, Vietnam. Media plays a critical role in informing and influencing public perception, as well as informing policymakers. But aside from limited coverage, most environmental articles, and those on climate change and REDD in particular, are of low quality in Vietnam, most notably in objective reporting of scientific findings. To address these gaps and in response to requests, CIFOR organised a series of media trainings in Vietnam in association with Transparency International, IUCN, UN-REDD and the National Journalism Association.
Bridging the gap: sustainable forests, agriculture and food securityCIFOR-ICRAF
Terry Sunderland, Principal Scientist & Team Leader, Sustainable Landscapes and Food Systems
PEFC Conference: ”Sustainable Landscapes, Sustainable Livelihoods”
Bali, 17th November 2016
Which actor holds the right to the land is going to determine how the resources will be used, so it follows that changes in tenure will have an influence on the landscape. This presentation uses various methods to look at the dynamic between land tenure and land use change in the Brazilian Amazon. This presentation was given during CIFOR’s Annual Meeting 2012, which was held on 1–5 October at the headquarters in Bogor, Indonesia.
“Green development” in Indonesia: harmonizing land-based investment and GHG e...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation given by K. Obidzinski, H. Komarudin, A. Dermawan and A. Andrianto focuses on the the gap between development targets and ENV sustainability and the way to harmonize DEV and ENV agendas. It also aims to stimulate discussion about the relationship between DEV and Climate Change initiatives in the province. Kalimantan is one of Indonesia’s 6 economic centers. The main economic activities are the extraction of energy and mineral resources, timer and the cultivation of oil palms. But MP3EI (Masterplan Percepatan dan Perluasan Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia)-goals, clash with environmental sustainability. Concerns exist especially relating to concessions for oil palm plantations, timber plantations and coal mining, since they would affect several M Ha of forest land. The circumstances call for a “green economy” approach, whose challenges are still to be overcome.
Generating and communicating science information to support policy and decisi...CIFOR-ICRAF
Communicating science information is vital for supporting policy and decision-making in forestry, because there is still a sizeable gap between knowledge and uptake/adoption. This presentation explores the impact pathway, particularly in relation to CRP6 (the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry), emphasising that policy knowledge is only effective when shared appropriately.
CIFOR scientist and CRP6 Director Robert Nasi gave this presentation on 28 June 2012 at the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and African Forest Forum (AFF) Forest Policy Day, held in Nairobi, Kenya, in conjunction with the IUFRO-FORNESSA Regional Congress. The theme of the forest policy day was “The policy-science interface for sustainable forest management in Africa”. For more information about CRP6, please visit www.cifor.org/crp6
Market for timber and non-timber productsCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Aulia Perdana from ICRAF given during the Forests Asia Summit in the discussion forum "Equitable development: Improving livelihood benefits for smallholders in the forestry value chain" shows producer characteristics, characteristics of markets and sellers, traded commodities and products and recommendations.
Exploring plant indicators for soil quality assessment in Laos: improving the...CIFOR-ICRAF
According to the World Bank, in 2009 about 40% of the population in Laos were living below the poverty line, and as forests are cleared for agriculture, land use planning is now a national policy to reduce shifting cultivation and fight poverty. Using communities in the Viengkham District of Laos as a case study, the work presented here explores whether locally recognised plant indicators of soil productivity could improve land use planning by involving local communities in land management.
CIFOR researcher Imam Basuki gave this presentation at the 18th International Symposium on Society & Resource Management (ISSRM) held on 17–21 June 2012 at the University of Alberta, Canada. The main theme of the conference was ‘Linking North and South: Responding to Environmental Change’, and 350 participants from 50 countries came together to discuss the intersection of social issues and natural resource management.
John Hunter (on behalf of Peter Croft) of the University of New England describes how wildfires and hazard reduction burns affect both the quality and amount of fauna habitat in Australian forests and woodlands. This presentation shows that the potential deleterious impacts on fauna of increased hazard reduction targets can be mitigated only by undertaking strategic burning, protecting remnant areas of long unburnt vegetation and increasing the upper fire thresholds of some vegetation communities in fire management.
Presentation from Nature Conservation Council of NSW 2017 Bushfire Conference - Fire, Fauna & Ferals: from backyards to bush.
Pyrogeography of savanna fire intensity and severityDaniel Godwin
Fire intensity is considered an important component of our understanding of savannas. Fire intensity can be used to predict probability of top kill of woody stems, and thus can deterministically link fire to demographic bottlenecks observed in savanna woody species. However, our understanding of the spatial processes of fire intensity is limited: What tree neighborhood effects on fire intensity exist? How does intensity vary across woody cover gradients? Is fire intensity really the best metric for understanding impact of fire on savanna plant communities? My research hopes to expand on these topics while suggesting future directions for research and applications in fire management.
Mejorando la estimación de emisiones GEI conversión bosque degradado a planta...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Kristell Hergoualc'h (Scientist, CIFOR-ICRAF) at Workshop “Lecciones para el monitoreo transparente: Experiencias de la Amazonia peruana” on 7 Mei 2024 in Lima, Peru.
Inclusión y transparencia como clave del éxito para el mecanismo de transfere...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Lauren Cooper and Rowenn Kalman (Michigan State University) at Workshop “Lecciones para el monitoreo transparente: Experiencias de la Amazonia peruana” on 7 Mei 2024 in Lima, Peru.
Avances de Perú con relación al marco de transparencia del Acuerdo de ParísCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Berioska Quispe Estrada (Directora General de Cambio Climático y Desertificación) at Workshop “Lecciones para el monitoreo transparente: Experiencias de la Amazonia peruana” on 7 Mei 2024 in Lima, Peru.
Land tenure and forest landscape restoration in Cameroon and MadagascarCIFOR-ICRAF
FLR is an adaptive process that brings people (including women, men, youth, local and indigenous communities) together to identify, negotiate and implement practices that restore and enhance ecological and social functionality of forest landscapes that have been deforested or degraded.
ReSI-NoC - Strategie de mise en oeuvre.pdfCIFOR-ICRAF
Re nforcer les S ystèmes d’ I nnovations
agrosylvopastorales économiquement
rentables, écologiquement durables et
socialement équitables dans la région du
No rd C ameroun
ReSI-NoC: Introduction au contexte du projetCIFOR-ICRAF
Renforcer les systèmes d’innovation agricole en vue de
promouvoir des systèmes de production agricole et
d’élevage économiquement rentables, écologiquement
durables et socialement équitables dans la région du
Nord au Cameroun (ReSI-NoC)
Renforcer les Systèmes d’Innovations agrosylvopastorales économiquement renta...CIFOR-ICRAF
Renforcer les Systèmes d’Innovations agrosylvopastorales économiquement rentables, écologiquement durables et socialement équitables dans la région du
Nord Cameroun
Introducing Blue Carbon Deck seeking for actionable partnershipsCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Daniel Murdiyarso (Principal Scientist, CIFOR-ICRAF) at the "Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems: Introducing Mangrove Ecosystems Strategies to the Climate Change Agenda" event in Bogor, 29 April 2024.
A Wide Range of Eco System Services with MangrovesCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Mihyun Seol and Himlal Baral (CIFOR-ICRAF) at the "Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems: Introducing Mangrove Ecosystems Strategies to the Climate Change Agenda" event in Bogor, 29 April 2024.
Presented by Citra Gilang (Research Consultant, CIFOR-ICRAF) at the "Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems: Introducing Mangrove Ecosystems Strategies to the Climate Change Agenda" event in Bogor, 29 April 2024.
Peat land Restoration Project in HLG LonderangCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Hyoung Gyun Kim (Korea–Indonesia Forest Cooperation Center) at the "Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems: Introducing Mangrove Ecosystems Strategies to the Climate Change Agenda" event in Bogor, 29 April 2024.
Sungsang Mangrove Restoration and Ecotourism (SMART): A participatory action ...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Beni Okarda (Senior Research Officer, CIFOR-ICRAF) at the "Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems: Introducing Mangrove Ecosystems Strategies to the Climate Change Agenda" event in Bogor, 29 April 2024.
Coastal and mangrove vulnerability assessment In the Northern Coast of Java, ...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Phidju Marrin Sagala (Research Consultant, CIFOR-ICRAF) at the "Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems: Introducing Mangrove Ecosystems Strategies to the Climate Change Agenda" event in Bogor, 29 April 2024.
Carbon Stock Assessment in Banten Province and Demak, Central Java, IndonesiaCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Milkah Royna (Student Intern, CIFOR-ICRAF) at the "Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems: Introducing Mangrove Ecosystems Strategies to the Climate Change Agenda" event in Bogor, 29 April 2024.
Cooperative Mangrove Project: Introduction, Scope, and PerspectivesCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Bora Lee (Warm-Temperate and Subtropical Forest Research Center, NIFoS Jeju, Republic of Korea) at the "Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation with Mangrove Ecosystems: Introducing Mangrove Ecosystems Strategies to the Climate Change Agenda" event in Bogor, 29 April 2024.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Spatial and temporal determinants of anthropogenic forest fires in the Amazon
1. Spatial and Temporal Determinants of
Anthropogenic Forest Fires in the Amazon:
implications for forest degradation and future
carbon emissions
Ane Alencar, Gregory Asner,
Daniel Zarin, Francis Putz
2. In the past
• Forest fires were rare and mostly
driven by extreme drought events
• Ignition sources were mostly natural
and the forest was more resistant to
fire
Today
• Forest fires are becoming more
frequent, larger and perhaps mostly
driven by anthropogenic changes in
landscape than climatic events
• Most of forest fires are anthropogenic,
caused by escaped fires from human
activities
3. Understanding forest fire
(surface or understory fires)
1. Tracking forest fire history (Learn from past fire
events)
2. Understand changes in fire regime (Spatial and
temporal)
3. Estimate regional behavior of forest fires (Build
the relationship with climate, land use, landscape
structure, etc)
5. Part 1 Landsat
bands
CLAS-BURN
Mapping landscape PV, NPV,
Shade
Reflectance
bands
forest burn scars
(PV-NPV)-Shade) Iso-Data
(PV-NPV)+Shade) (clouds and defor.
Mapping)
•Development of a new index called
Burn Scar Index (BSI) BSI image Forest
mask
•This index was based on an automatic
calibration and sub-pixel analysis Overlay
routine called CLAS-BURN, based on
CLAS. Masked
BSI image
•CLAS* stands for Carnegie Landsat
Analysis System developed by the
fire scar
Asner Lab thresholds and filtering
Final
Reference:* Asner, G. P., M. Keller, R. Pereira, J. C. Zweede, and fire scar map
J. N. M. Silva. 2004. Canopy damage and recovery following
selective logging in an Amazon forest: Integrating field and satellite
studies. Ecological Applications 14:280-298.
7. Burn Scar Index for unburned forest
and old and recent burns burned
8. Part 2
Changing fire regimes
Burn Extent
By forest type
Average Average % of total
% of forest
Forest area annual annual forest
area
(ha)* burned deforestation area
deforested
area (ha) burned
Dense 2,274,133 19,932 29,393 15% 29%
Open 2,324,883 104,711 62,821 44% 54%
Transitional 1,369,228 80,189 27,901 41% 50%
9. Fire sizes
Forest types have distinct fire
behavior in terms of size and total
area burned:
Majority of Dense forest fires scars
are small (< 100 ha)
In contrast to transitional forest where
most of the fire scars are large
Large fires also burned more area in
open and transitional forests
Fires between 100- 1000 ha in size
burn in average about the same area
each year in all forest types
11. Dense
Fire interval
For the area that burned more than two times:
Fire interval for the dense forest appear
Open
to be every 5 to 6 years, coincident with
ENSO
Fire interval for transitional forest have
a higher return after 2 or 3 years, fuel
limitation
Transitional
13. Fire intensity and effects
Relationship between frequency and canopy cover
14. Burn frequency
Impacts of burn frequency in forest 0
structure
3
*Explains 65% of variation
15. Part 3
Fate of burned forest
19 to 38% of the deforested area was burned
38 to 48% of the burned area was deforested
% of total
% of forest % of total area burned area
Forest area
area deforested that that was
(ha)*
deforested was burned deforested
Dense 2,274,133 29% 19% 38%
Open 2,324,883 54% 39% 48%
Transitional 1,369,228 50% 38% 46%
16. Relatioship with forest Dense
clearings
Fires penetrate deeper in Transitional
forests than the other forest types Open
90% of the area burned is within 5 km from
a clearing
The highest frequencies also happen within
1 km from a forest edge
Transitional
19. Fire probabilities based
on PAW and
fragmentation for wet,
average and dry years
Some of the areas (blue circle) already
showing influence of fragmentation in
changing the likelihood of fire in average
rainfall years, and even in wet years.
These areas are believed to have reached
the tipping point where fragmentation has
played a more important role to the forest
fire occurrence than climate.
The dry years fire probability map indicate
the areas under higher risk of forest fires,
where forest is flammable due to extreme
drought and high ignition sources
probabilities.
20. Estimated commited CO2 emissions
from deforestation and forest fires
for the three forest types during the
last 24 years
Forest fire-driven committed CO2 emissions2
Deforestation (Tg yr-1)
Forest types -driven CO2 Average
emissions1 annual area Average
(Tg yr -1) burned Wet years years Dry years
Dense 17.6 6.0 0.1 2.4 14.7
Open 27.6 23.0 3.7 15.7 48.8
Transition 13.8 19.9 3.6 12.2 40.9
59.0 48.8 7.4 30.2 104.3
1 The CO2 emissions for each forest type were calculated using the Saatchi et al. (2007) biomass map, in which the average biomass value for each vegetation type was
converted to Carbon and multiplied by the annual area deforested, and then converted to CO2.
2 The committed CO2 emissions from forest fires was based on the average tree mortality due to forest fires reported on literature (Alencar et al 2006), not including yet the
released emissions during the fire itself.
21. Estimated area at risk of burning,
area burned and CO2 emissions by
forest type and climatic conditions
for the Brazilian Amazon
Area total by Estimated area
Forest forest type at risk of burning Estimated area burned Estimated emission
Type (thousand (thousand km2) (thousand km2) (Pg CO2 yr-1)
km2) WET AVE DRY WET AVE DRY WET AVE DRY
Dense 1,783.8 2.4 21.3 160.3 0.3 2.2 6.1 0.01 0.07 0.18
Open 884.5 4.5 35.6 121.3 1.6 10.2 22.3 0.04 0.22 0.49
Transitional 504.7 3.1 13.5 81.8 1.6 5.5 23.5 0.04 0.14 0.58
Total 3,172.9 10.0 70.4 363.5 3.5 18.0 51.9 0.08 0.43 1.25
The estimated area burned can be approximately the same in average rainfall
years than the average annual deforestation rates during the last decade.
The estimated area burned is the portion of the estimated area under risk
of burn that is located up to 5km from forest clearings
22. Main results
• (1) severe droughts are the main temporal
determinant of forest fires having overall emissions
that were 76% higher than average deforestation emissions;
• (2) although, since these are not wildfires but escaped fires from
anthropogenic land use sources, the spatial distribution of these
fires revealed a pattern where ~90% of the area burned occurs
within 10 km of official roads, 1-2km of deforested clearings,
and within highly fragmented areas;
• (3) the spatial and temporal characteristics of ENSO fires
disproportionate impact dense forests;
• (4) escaped forest fire emissions are historically large, especially
in ENSO years, and growing in importance as deforestation
emissions drop and escaped fire emissions increase, associated
with increasing importance of small slash-and-burn clearings
23. Thank you
Academic Support Funding support
NSF – DDRI
Dan Zarin, Jack Putz, Greg Asner, Wendell
NSF DEB-0410315
Cropper,Charles Wood,
NASA NESSF Program
Daniel Nepstad, Paulo Brando, Jennifer Balch and
Tropical Conservation and Development
Claudia Stickler, Mike Coe
Program -TCD
Compton Foundation
Amazon Conservation Leadership Initiative –
ACLI
Moore Foundation
Florida-Brazil Program