Tandem-L is a proposed mission to monitor dynamic earth processes using radar. It would provide high-resolution measurements of forests, biomass, earthquakes, volcanoes, sea ice, permafrost, soil moisture, glaciers, and ocean currents. Tandem-L aims to improve on current missions by offering 3-10 m resolution with weekly coverage. Its digital beamforming radar system could measure deformation, ice flow, water levels, and generate digital terrain models. The mission would advance understanding of processes like deforestation, forest biomass change, biodiversity, landslides, and help monitor essential climate variables.
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Tandem-L: Monitoring Dynamic Earth Processes
1. Tandem-L: A Mission Proposal for Monitoring
Dynamic Earth Processes
A. Moreira, G. Krieger, M. Younis, I. Hajnsek , K. Papathanassiou,
M. Eineder, P. Dekker, F. De Zan
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
2. Dynamic Processes on the Earth Surface
Deforestation, Degradation, Fires* (REDD)
Forest Biomasse Change*
Biodiversity
Earthquakes
Volcanic Activities
Land Slides
Sea Ice Extent*
Permafrost*
Glacier & Ice Cap Dynamics*
Soil Moisture*
Flooding
*) Essential Climate
Ocean Currents*
Variables
3. Carbon Balance and Vegetation
The terrestrial carbon is the greatest unknown in the carbon cycle
6.4 ± 0.4
3.2 ± 0.1
Sources
1.6 ± 1.1
Unknown
=Σ
Ocean terrestrial
sink sink
Carbon Fossil Land use
accumulation in fuels change
Sink
the atmosphere
2.2 ± 0.4
2.6 ± 1.7
Numbers in Billions of Tons – Carbon / Year (IPCC)
4. Forest and Carbon
Biomass and the spatial distribution of carbon
(50% of the biomass is Carbon)
Global biomass distribution
and its dynamic are widely
unknown!
Amazon basin
… the estimation ranges from
39 to 93 GtC
5. 3-D Structure Mode
Polarimetric SAR
Polarimetric Backscattering Interferometry
(Pol-InSAR)
3-D Forest Structure
Forest height and Biomass Tomography
7. Traunstein Test Site Forest type Temperate
Topography Moderate slopes
2003 Oct. Height 25 ~ 35m
Species N. Spruce, E. Beech, White Fir
Biomass 40 ~ 450 t/ha
50
40
30
20
10
HV Amplitude Image Pol-InSAR Forest Height Elevation Model
0m
9. Biomass Estimation from Combination
Height + Structure of Multiple
Single-Pass
Profile Decomposition Interferograms
(Series Expansion)
f (z) pass 1
Example (Testsite Bayerischer Wald) pass 2
10. Structure - Biomass Allometry H 3
B = 3.11 a P
i =0 j =1
j j
a1 a2 a3
Nationalpark Bayrischer Wald Ebersberger Forst Bürgerwald Traunstein
Three Legendre polynomials explain the 92% of the total biomass !!! VU 10 > Autor Name
11. Dynamic Processes on the Earth Surface
Deforestation, Degradation, Fires* (REDD)
Forest Biomasse Change*
Biodiversity
Earthquakes
Volcanic Activities
Land Slides
Sea Ice Extent*
Permafrost*
Glacier & Ice Cap Dynamics*
Soil Moisture*
Flooding
*) Essential Climate
Ocean Currents*
Variables
12. Deformation Mode measurement of
Earthquakes deformations of mm – cm
Volcanoes
λ/2 ≈ 12 cm
Subsidence Land & Sea Ice
systematic multi-temporal
acquisitions (image stacks)
13. Cryosphere: Ice Motion and Topography of Glaciers
ICESAT GRACE
15 km track- > 200 km
distance at equator spatial resolution
CryoSAT-2 TanDEM-X
15 km x 250 m 1 year for global
spatial resolution coverage
Tandem-L
Tandem-L provides unique &
complementary information:
• 3D Ice flow
3 – 10 m resolution
weekly coverage • Ice Structure
• DEM
• weekly coverage, high resolution Courtesy: Ian Joughin
14. Hydrosphere: Soil Moisture
SMOS SMAP
50
40
30
35 km resolution 10-40 km resolution
20
10
Tandem-L
Tandem-L provides unique & 0
complementary information:
3 – 10 m resolution [vol.%]
weekly coverage • soil moisture
• water level changes
• river & ocean currents
• weekly coverage & high resolution