Canada has a long history of participation in space exploration dating back to 1839 with the establishment of the first magnetic observatory. Some key contributions include Marc Garneau being the first Canadian in space in 1984, Roberta Bondar being the first Canadian woman in space, and Chris Hadfield performing two spacewalks making him the first Canadian to float freely in space. Canada enjoys its role as a leader in space robotics and satellite communications due to inventions like the Canadarm robotic arm and scientific contributions in areas like life support systems and radiation dosimetry.

1. SPACE EXPLORATION
Canada's history of participating in space
exploration can be traced back to 1839 with the
establishment of the first magnetic observatory,
to study the northern lights. Today, Canada
enjoys its role as a leader in space robotics and
satellite communications.

2. Chris Hadfield
operated the space
Marc Garneau was a
arm. Hadfield
robotics expert he
performed two
became first Canadian in
spacewalks, which
space in 1984 made him the first
Canadian to ever
leave a spacecraft
and float freely in
space.
Julie Payette served as a
mission specialist, was Roberta Bondar was the first
responsible for the Station woman in space. She
systems, supervised the experimented on the blood
space walk and operated flow in the brain during no
the Canadarm robotic arm. gravity.
Ms. Payette was the first
Canadian to participate in
an ISS assembly mission
and to board the Space
Station.
Four of twelve
Canadian Astronauts

3. •Some Canadian Scientist’s
contributions to space exploration
•Canadarm - The Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS) or Canadarm on
the Space Shuttle, is a mechanical arm that maneuvers a payload from the space
shuttle orbiter to its deployment position and then releases it. There is also one on
the ISS to maneuver things outside the station.
•Anti-Gravity Suit - In 1940, the anti gravity suit was first invented
under the name Franks Flying Suit by Wilbur R. Franks at the
University of Toronto. The suit was made with rubber and water-
filled pads. It counteracted the effects of high G forces on aircraft
pilots, which otherwise would cause them to black out; all G-Suits
worn by air force pilots as well as astronauts and cosmonauts
around the world are based on his original designs.
•Radarsat Constellation (satellites)-The RADARSAT Constellation
Mission (RCM) consists of a three spacecraft fleet of Earth observation
satellites.
They are used for:
- national security (maritime surveillance (e.g., ship detection))
- resource management
-disaster management and ecosystem monitoring for example,
monitoring/tracking ice,- detecting oil spills, monitoring floods,
landslides, eruptions, - aiding forest firefighting
- transportation

4. •Life Support systems (canadians have
helped to design and make improvements
in space suit technology
Apollo lunar module- Canadian engineer
Eugene Maynard, working for NASA in
the USA, is considered to be the person
at NASA most responsible for the design
of the lunar module. The lunar module
was the spacecraft that landed
astronauts on the moon for all Apollo
missions.
•ESA's Micro-Ecological Life Support
System Alternative (MELISSA) (providing
food and water - mini habitats) for long
term space exploration

5. •Biological Air Filter (to maintain air quality in space station)
•Radiation Dosimetry (radiation therapy for medical treatments
•Have done research on stopping Bone Loss (osteoporosis
particularly in women)
•A variety of Medical Support
•And more

6. Space exploration has brought many benefits to society.
•High-quality radio and television signals are now relayed around the
globe by satellite.
•Biological experiments in space, such as the growing of insulin crystals,
are contributing to our ability to fight disease.
•The technology used for space shuttle fuel pumps is now being used to
make better artificial hearts.
•Geographical data obtained by satellites have improved the quality of
maps and made navigation safer.
•Also many inventions are related to space are developed for other
purposes such as cell phones, fire fighter suits, computers and computer
games (joy sticks) smoke detectors, the metal wire for braces,
rechargeable batteries sports safety helmets, cars plexiglass and many
more
But space exploration also
•is very expensive, money could be spent elsewhere
•involves risks to the lives of astronauts and others
•produces pollution, and creates space junk that may eventually fall back
to Earth
•Some argue It is partially done for militaristic reasons
•Could result in some deadly bacteria being brought to earth
What do you think??? Be prepared to discuss your
opinion giving specific reasons

7. Constellations The constellations are totally imaginary things that poets, farmers and
astronomers have made up over the past 6,000 years (and probably even more!). The real
purpose for the constellations is to help us tell which stars are which. Stars are used for
navigation and people need a way to help recognize which stars to follow. It also provided a
story as to why the stars behave as they do.
You should be able to discuss and draw one constellation and name one of the primary stars
The little dipper
Know
One

8. Some objects emit light (stars) and other
bodies in space reflect light (moons and
planets). Objects in the night sky
That emit light twinkle and those that reflect
light do not.
The sun burns gasses and so twinkles
Venus reflects the light from the
sun and so does not twinkle

9. The four planets closest to the sun—Mercury, Venus, Earth, and
Mars—are called the terrestrial planets because they have solid
rocky surfaces.
Mercury (terrestrial) is the closest
planet to the sun and is the smallest
planet in the Solar System, Surface Mars (terrestrial) is the fourth
temperatures range from about 90 to planet from the Sun in the Solar
700 K (-183 degrees C to 427 degrees System. It is also referred to as
C, the ""Red Planet"" because of its
Orbits (revolves around) the Sun once reddish appearance, due to iron
every 88 days. Rotation: 59days oxide (rust) on its surface.
Moons 0 Mars is currently host to three
functional orbiting spacecraft:
Mars Odyssey, Mars Express, and
the Mars Reconnaissance
Orbiter. The surface is also home
to the two Mars Exploration
Rovers (Spirit and Opportunity)
Rotation: 25 hours Orbit: 1.88
Venus (terrestrial) is the second- year(s) Moons 2
closest planet to the Sun. It is the
brightest natural object in the night
sky, except for the Moon Often
called the morning or evening star
Rotation: 5376 hours Orbit: 225
days Moons 0

10. The four large planets beyond the orbit of Mars—Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and
Neptune—are called gas giants.
Uranus a gas giant
planets, has a ring
system, a and
Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun numerous moons. The
and the largest planet within the Solar Uranian system is
System unique configuration
It has a Great Red Spot, a giant storm among the planets
that is known to have existed since at because its axis of
least the 17th century. Surrounding the rotation is tilted
planet is a faint planetary ring system sideways,
and a powerful magnetosphere. Rotation: 17 hours
Rotation: 10 hours Orbit: 11.86 year(s) Orbit: 84.32 year(s)
moons at least 63 Number of Moons: 27
Saturn is the sixth planet from the
Sun and the second largest planet in
the Solar System. Saturn has a
prominent system of rings, consisting Neptune is a gas giant
mostly of ice particles with a smaller and has faint rings. It
amount of rocky debris and dust. also has a dark spot
Rotation: 11 hours Orbit: 29.66 similar to the great red
year(s) moons- 61 known ( not spot on Jupiter
counting hundreds of ""moonlets"" Rotation: 16 hours
Orbit: 165 year(s)
within the rings.)
Number of Moons: 13

11. Earth (terrestrial) third planet from the sun
in the Goldilocks zone (water occurs in
solid (frozen) gas and liquid states)
Rotation: 24 hours Orbit: 365.25 days (1
year) Number of Moons: 1
The earth rotates once every 24 hours and
this is what provides us with night and day.
The Earth's axis of rotation is tilted 23
degrees and is responsible for producing
seasonal variations on the planet's surface
with a period of one tropical year (365.25
solar days). Earth's only known natural
satellite, the Moon, which began orbiting it
about 4.53 billion years ago. The moon
provides ocean tides, stabilizes the axial tilt
and is gradually slowing the planet's
rotation.

12. Why we have seasons.
If you try drawing the locations of sunrise and sunset
near your house over the course of a year, you will see
that the Sun rises and sets and takes different paths
across the sky in different seasons.
Some people have the misconception that different seasons
happen because sometimes the Earth is farther from the Sun and
sometimes it is closer. It makes sense -- when you are close to the
Sun, it should be warm and summery, and when you are far away,
it should be icy winter -- but this is not true.
The earth's axis is tilted about 23.5 degrees, so the Earth is never
straight up and down compared to the Sun. When it is summer in North
America that is because the North Pole and the rest of the Northern
Hemisphere are pointing toward the Sun. The Sun appears to stay in
the sky longer each day (really, we are just pointed toward the Sun for
longer each day). Because we spend more time in the sunshine and
less in the shadow of night, our part of the Earth gets warmer, and we
experience summer.
During the summer, the Sun is high in the sky. Therefore, rays of light
from the Sun hit us more directly during summer, making the sunlight
more intense and warmer. In winter, the Sun is low in the sky. The rays
of light are spread more thinly, and they do not warm us as much.

13. Solstices
The solstices are days that have the most and
least amount of sunlight. The winter solstice
occurs on December 21 or 22 and marks the
beginning of winter (this is the shortest day of
the year). The summer solstice occurs on
June 21 and marks the beginning of summer
(this is the longest day of the year).
Equinoxes
Equinoxes are days in which day and night
are of equal duration. The vernal equinox
occurs in late March (this is the beginning of
spring in the Northern Hemisphere and the
beginning of fall in the Southern Hemisphere);
the autumnal equinox occurs in late
September (this is the beginning of fall in the
Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of
spring in the Southern Hemisphere).

14. The Moon
The moon (and sun and earth’s rotation) causes the tides (the rise
and fall of sea levels)
The diagram shows how the moon causes tides on Earth:
In this diagram, you can see that the moon's gravitational force pulls on
water in the oceans so that there are "bulges" in the ocean on both sides of
the planet. The moon pulls water toward it, and this causes the bulge toward
the moon. The bulge on the side of the Earth opposite the moon is caused by
the moon "pulling the Earth away" from the water on that side.
If you are on the coast and the moon is directly overhead, you should
experience a high tide. If the moon is directly overhead on the opposite side
of the planet, you should also experience a high tide.

15. There are 8 main phase of the moon (one orbit around the
Earth), which takes 28 days. The moon does one rotation
during that time and that is why we only ever see the one
side of the moon.

16. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes
between the Earth and the sun. During a total
eclipse the moon passes completely in front of the
sun. Partial eclipses occur when the moon only
partly blocks out the sun.

17. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes behind the Earth so
that the Earth blocks the Sun's rays from striking the Moon. This can
occur only when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are aligned exactly, or
very closely so, with the Earth in the middle. Hence, a lunar eclipse
can only occur the night of a full moon.