SONAR is used to determine ocean depth and locate underwater objects. There are two main types of SONAR - active and passive. Active SONAR emits sound pulses and measures their reflection to determine distance and direction. Passive SONAR listens without transmitting. SONAR is used to detect submarines, map underwater features, calculate depth, and locate sunken ships and fish. To determine ocean depth using SONAR, high frequency sound vibrations called ultrasonic vibrations are transmitted into the water. The time for the vibrations to return is used to calculate the distance of the reflecting surface below.

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SUMMATIVE
ASSESSMENT
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Made By:
Shumaila Naeem

2. SONAR
SOund Navigation And Ranging

4. Types of SONAR
Active sonar creates a pulse of sound, often
called a "ping", and then listens for
reflections of the pulse. To measure the
distance to an object, one measures the time
from emission of a pulse to reception. To
measure the bearing, one uses several
hydrophones, and measures the relative
arrival time to each in a process called beam
forming.
Passive sonar listens without transmitting. It
is usually employed in military settings,
although it is occasionally used in science
applications

5. Active sonar
Passive sonar

6. Applications
pth
gs
s
es
To detect
submarines
Mapping
underwater
features
Calculating
Underwater
depth
To locate sunken
ships and fishes
Used to detect
icebergs

7. How do you use sonar to
determine the depth of
the ocean?
AN APPRATUS called sonar is used to locate
underwater objects and to find the depth of
water.it sends out high frequency sound
vibrations called ultrasonic viberations,into the
water. The time taken by the vibrations to
return is then used to calculate the distance of
the reflecting surface.

8. When ultrasonic waves is
transmitted through water, it is
reflected by the object in the
water and will produce an echo
signal. By noting the time interval
between the generation of the us
pulse and the reception of the echo
signal, the distance of the object
can be easily calculated.
PRINCIPLE

9. http://www.authorstream.com/Presentati
on/mitikiripraveen-105207-sonar-
physics-science-technology-ppt-
powerpoint/
www.history.navy.mil
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_do_you_
use_sonar_to_determine_the_depth_of_t
he_ocean
http://servingstrong.typepad.com/main/2
009/08/use-your-sonar.html
BIBLIOGRAPHY

10. JAZAKALLAH